Abstract
ABSTRACT Chickpea growth and yield are related to the balanced supply of N. In weathered soils, this factor depends on the biological activity of growth-promoting bacteria, the presence of diazotrophic bacteria, and the management of nitrogen fertilization. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of inoculation with a mix of Bacillus spp. and N levels on chickpea cultivation. Two experiments were carried out: area 01, characterized by shortest cultivation time and area 02, with the longest cultivation time. For both studies, the experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications arranged in a 2 x 6 factorial consisting of the absence or presence of the mix of Bacillus spp. (1 x 107 CFU per mL) from root isolates and six N levels: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 kg ha-1. The chickpea production and yield characteristics were evaluated. In the area 01, inoculation with the mix of Bacillus spp. did not interfere with grain yield, whereas the application of lower N levels (25 kg ha-1) increased the dry mass of branches, grains, total dry mass, and yield (4.17 t ha-1). In contrast, in the area 02, nitrogen fertilization increased the chlorophyll index but did not interfere with the remaining production variables, whereas inoculation with Bacillus spp. increased chickpea yield by 4%, resulting in a grain harvest of 4.16 t ha-1. Therefore, inoculation of chickpea seeds with the mix of Bacillus spp. is recommended in soils with long-time cultivation of agricultural species.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
In area 01, inoculation with the mix of Bacillus spp. did not interfere with chickpea grain yield.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- inoculation with the mix of Bacillus spp.e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp.e1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- did not interferee1
- Comparator
- absencee2
- Setting
- area 01e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“In the area 01, inoculation with the mix of Bacillus spp. did not interfere with grain yield”
e2“the absence or presence of the mix of Bacillus spp. (1 x 107 CFU per mL) from root isolates”
Claim · model-written summary
In area 01, the application of lower N levels (25 kg ha-1) increased the dry mass of branches, grains and total dry mass.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- the application of lower N levels (25 kg ha-1)e3
- Outcome
- dry mass of branches, grains, total dry masse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- area 01e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“In the area 01, inoculation with the mix of Bacillus spp. did not interfere with grain yield”
e3“whereas the application of lower N levels (25 kg ha-1) increased the dry mass of branches, grains, total dry mass, and yield (4.17 t ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
In area 01, the application of lower N levels (25 kg ha-1) increased chickpea yield to 4.17 t/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- the application of lower N levels (25 kg ha-1)e3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 4.17 t ha-1e3
- Setting
- area 01e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e1“In the area 01, inoculation with the mix of Bacillus spp. did not interfere with grain yield”
e3“whereas the application of lower N levels (25 kg ha-1) increased the dry mass of branches, grains, total dry mass, and yield (4.17 t ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
In area 02, nitrogen fertilization increased the chlorophyll index of chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll indexe4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Setting
- area 02e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e4“In the area 02, nitrogen fertilization increased the chlorophyll index but did not interfere with the remaining production variables”
Claim · model-written summary
In area 02, nitrogen fertilization did not interfere with the remaining production variables of chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione4
- Outcome
- remaining production variablese4
- Direction
- did not interferee4
- Setting
- area 02e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e4“In the area 02, nitrogen fertilization increased the chlorophyll index but did not interfere with the remaining production variables”
Claim · model-written summary
In area 02, inoculation with Bacillus spp. increased chickpea yield by 4%, resulting in a grain harvest of 4.16 t/ha.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Bacillus spp.e5
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp.e5symbiont
- Outcome
- chickpea yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 4%e5
- Qualifier
- resulting in a grain harvest of 4.16 t ha-1e5
- Setting
- area 02e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e4“In the area 02, nitrogen fertilization increased the chlorophyll index but did not interfere with the remaining production variables”
e5“whereas inoculation with Bacillus spp. increased chickpea yield by 4%, resulting in a grain harvest of 4.16 t ha-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of chickpea seeds with the mix of Bacillus spp. is recommended in soils with long-time cultivation of agricultural species.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Interactor
- Bacillus spp.e6symbiont
- Outcome
- inoculation of chickpea seeds with the mix of Bacillus spp.e6
- Setting
- soils with long-time cultivatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“chickpea”
e6“inoculation of chickpea seeds with the mix of Bacillus spp. is recommended in soils with long-time cultivation of agricultural species”
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