Abstract
The study aims to assess the effect of mixed fertilizers, including controlled slow-release NPK (NPK-CRF) and urea, potassium humate fertilizers, on soil fertility and rice yield. The on-Farm Trials experiment was carried out on alluvial soil, with two models corresponding to two farming techniques: (i) Traditional fertilization, applying conventional fertilizers with the formula 92.2 N–82.8 P2O5–22.8 K2O kg/ha; (ii) New generation fertilizers (NPK-CRF, urea humate, and potassium humate) with the formula 50.1 N–39.9 P2O5–30.0 K2O. Each pattern was repeated three times, corresponding to 3 farmers. Each household's area is 1,000m2, cultivating continuously through three seasons of Winter-Spring (WS), Summer-Autumn (SA), and Autumn-Winter (AW) in Chau Thanh A district, Hau Giang province. The results showed that the new generation fertilizer application significantly improved rice yield and yield composition of the Winter-Spring cropping season (6.92 tons/ha), Summer-Autumn (5.94 tons/ha), and Autumn-Winter (6.15 tons/ha), which are different from farmers' fields. Furthermore, the combined application of NPK-CRF, urea-humate, and K-humate fertilizers for rice in SA and AW crops significantly reduced the total acid content, Al3+ exchange in the soil, and improved soil fertility of pH, N, and available P, organic matter (%C). However, there was no difference in soil's physical properties over the three farming seasons. Finally, adding humic acid to controlled-release fertilizer can improve soil fertility, and increase yield and yield components, nitrogen uptake, enhance nitrogen usage efficiency, all of which have positive yield and soil consequences.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The new generation fertilizer application (NPK-CRF, urea humate, potassium humate) significantly improved rice yield in the Winter-Spring cropping season season to 6.92 tons/ha, different from farmers' fields.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- new generation fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 6.92 tons/hae0
- Qualifier
- Winter-Spring cropping seasone0
- Comparator
- farmers' fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the new generation fertilizer application significantly improved rice yield and yield composition of the Winter-Spring cropping season (6.92 tons/ha), Summer-Autumn (5.94 tons/ha), and Autumn-Winter (6.15 tons/ha), which are different from farmers' fields”
Claim · model-written summary
The new generation fertilizer application (NPK-CRF, urea humate, potassium humate) significantly improved rice yield in the Summer-Autumn season to 5.94 tons/ha, different from farmers' fields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- new generation fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 5.94 tons/hae0
- Qualifier
- Summer-Autumne0
- Comparator
- farmers' fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the new generation fertilizer application significantly improved rice yield and yield composition of the Winter-Spring cropping season (6.92 tons/ha), Summer-Autumn (5.94 tons/ha), and Autumn-Winter (6.15 tons/ha), which are different from farmers' fields”
Claim · model-written summary
The new generation fertilizer application (NPK-CRF, urea humate, potassium humate) significantly improved rice yield in the Autumn-Winter season to 6.15 tons/ha, different from farmers' fields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- new generation fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 6.15 tons/hae0
- Qualifier
- Autumn-Wintere0
- Comparator
- farmers' fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the new generation fertilizer application significantly improved rice yield and yield composition of the Winter-Spring cropping season (6.92 tons/ha), Summer-Autumn (5.94 tons/ha), and Autumn-Winter (6.15 tons/ha), which are different from farmers' fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined application of NPK-CRF, urea-humate and K-humate fertilizers for rice in SA and AW crops significantly reduced the total acid content and Al3+ exchange in the soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- combined application of NPK-CRF, urea-humate, and K-humate fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- total acid content, Al3+ exchange in the soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of NPK-CRF, urea-humate, and K-humate fertilizers for rice in SA and AW crops significantly reduced the total acid content, Al3+ exchange in the soil, and improved soil fertility of pH, N, and available P, organic matter (%C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined application of NPK-CRF, urea-humate and K-humate fertilizers for rice in SA and AW crops improved soil fertility in terms of pH, N and available P.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- combined application of NPK-CRF, urea-humate, and K-humate fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil fertility of pH, N, and available Pe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of NPK-CRF, urea-humate, and K-humate fertilizers for rice in SA and AW crops significantly reduced the total acid content, Al3+ exchange in the soil, and improved soil fertility of pH, N, and available P, organic matter (%C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined application of NPK-CRF, urea-humate and K-humate fertilizers for rice in SA and AW crops improved soil organic matter (%C).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- combined application of NPK-CRF, urea-humate, and K-humate fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- organic matter (%C)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the combined application of NPK-CRF, urea-humate, and K-humate fertilizers for rice in SA and AW crops significantly reduced the total acid content, Al3+ exchange in the soil, and improved soil fertility of pH, N, and available P, organic matter (%C)”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no difference in the soil's physical properties over the three farming seasons.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- soil's physical propertiese0
- Direction
- no differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e0“there was no difference in soil's physical properties over the three farming seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that adding humic acid to controlled-release fertilizer can increase nitrogen uptake in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- adding humic acid to controlled-release fertilizere0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e0“adding humic acid to controlled-release fertilizer can improve soil fertility, and increase yield and yield components, nitrogen uptake, enhance nitrogen usage efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that adding humic acid to controlled-release fertilizer can enhance nitrogen usage efficiency in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- adding humic acid to controlled-release fertilizere0
- Outcome
- nitrogen usage efficiencye0
- Direction
- enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice yield”
e0“adding humic acid to controlled-release fertilizer can improve soil fertility, and increase yield and yield components, nitrogen uptake, enhance nitrogen usage efficiency”
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