Abstract
Abstract Basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) proteins play pivotal roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the molecular and functional properties of bHLHs have not been fully characterized. In this study, a novel XI subgroup of the bHLH protein gene RcbHLH59 was isolated and identified in rose (Rosa sp.). This gene was induced by salinity stress in both rose leaves and roots, and functioned as a transactivator. Accordingly, silencing RcbHLH59 affected the antioxidant system, Na +/K + balance, and photosynthetic system, thereby reducing salt tolerance, while the transient overexpression of RcbHLH59 improved salinity stress tolerance. Additionally, RcbLHLH59 was found to regulate the expression of sets of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in RcbHLH59-silenced (TRV-RcbHLH59) and RcbHLH59-overexpressing (RcbHLH59-OE) rose plants. The RcPR4/1 and RcPR5/1 transcript levels showed opposite changes in the TRV-RcbHLH59 and RcbHLH59-OE lines, suggesting that these two genes are regulated by RcbHLH59. Further analysis revealed that RcbHLH59 binds to the promoters of RcPR4/1 and RcPR5/1, and that the silencing of RcPR4/1 or RcPR5/1 led to decreased tolerance to salinity stress. Moreover, callose degradation- and deposition-related genes were impaired in RcPR4/1- or RcPR5/1-silenced plants, which displayed a salt tolerance phenotype by balancing the Na+/K+ ratio through callose deposition. Collectively, our data highlight a new RcbLHLH59-RcPRs module that positively regulates salinity stress tolerance by balancing Na+/K+ and through callose deposition in rose plants.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
A novel XI-subgroup bHLH gene RcbHLH59 was isolated and identified in rose.
Verbatim
e0“In this study, a novel XI subgroup of the bHLH protein gene RcbHLH59 was isolated and identified in rose (Rosa sp.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress induced RcbHLH59 in rose leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- rosee0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse0
- Gene
- RcbHLH59e1
- Outcome
- genee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“This gene was induced by salinity stress in both rose leaves and roots, and functioned as a transactivator.”
e1“bHLH protein gene RcbHLH59”
Claim · model-written summary
RcbHLH59 functioned as a transactivator in rose.
Verbatim
e0“This gene was induced by salinity stress in both rose leaves and roots, and functioned as a transactivator.”
e1“bHLH protein gene RcbHLH59”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing RcbHLH59 affected the rose antioxidant system, Na +/K + balance, and photosynthetic system.
- Taxon
- roset0
- Treatment
- silencing RcbHLH59e0
- Gene
- RcbHLH59e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant system, Na +/K + balance, and photosynthetic systeme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“silencing RcbHLH59 affected the antioxidant system, Na +/K + balance, and photosynthetic system, thereby reducing salt tolerance”
t0“rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing RcbHLH59 reduced rose salt tolerance.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“silencing RcbHLH59 affected the antioxidant system, Na +/K + balance, and photosynthetic system, thereby reducing salt tolerance”
t0“rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient RcbHLH59 overexpression improved rose salinity tolerance.
- Taxon
- roset0
- Treatment
- transient overexpression of RcbHLH59e0
- Outcome
- salinity stress tolerancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the transient overexpression of RcbHLH59 improved salinity stress tolerance.”
t0“rose”
Claim · model-written summary
RcbLHLH59 regulated PR-gene expression in silenced and overexpressing rose plants.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, RcbLHLH59 was found to regulate the expression of sets of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in RcbHLH59-silenced (TRV-RcbHLH59) and RcbHLH59-overexpressing (RcbHLH59-OE) rose plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
RcPR4/1 transcript levels changed oppositely in TRV-RcbHLH59 and RcbHLH59-OE rose lines, suggesting regulation by RcbHLH59.
- Taxon
- roset0
- Treatment
- TRV-RcbHLH59e0
- Gene
- RcPR4/1e0
- Outcome
- transcript levelse0
- Qualifier
- suggesting that these two genes are regulated by RcbHLH59e0
- Comparator
- RcbHLH59-OEe0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The RcPR4/1 and RcPR5/1 transcript levels showed opposite changes in the TRV-RcbHLH59 and RcbHLH59-OE lines, suggesting that these two genes are regulated by RcbHLH59.”
t0“rose”
Claim · model-written summary
RcPR5/1 transcript levels changed oppositely in TRV-RcbHLH59 and RcbHLH59-OE rose lines, suggesting regulation by RcbHLH59.
- Taxon
- roset0
- Treatment
- TRV-RcbHLH59e0
- Gene
- RcPR5/1e0
- Outcome
- transcript levelse0
- Qualifier
- suggesting that these two genes are regulated by RcbHLH59e0
- Comparator
- RcbHLH59-OEe0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The RcPR4/1 and RcPR5/1 transcript levels showed opposite changes in the TRV-RcbHLH59 and RcbHLH59-OE lines, suggesting that these two genes are regulated by RcbHLH59.”
t0“rose”
Claim · model-written summary
RcbHLH59 binds the RcPR4/1 and RcPR5/1 promoters in rose.
Verbatim
e0“Further analysis revealed that RcbHLH59 binds to the promoters of RcPR4/1 and RcPR5/1”
t0“rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing RcPR4/1 decreased rose salinity tolerance.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the silencing of RcPR4/1 or RcPR5/1 led to decreased tolerance to salinity stress.”
t0“rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing RcPR5/1 decreased rose salinity tolerance.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the silencing of RcPR4/1 or RcPR5/1 led to decreased tolerance to salinity stress.”
t0“rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Callose degradation- and deposition-related genes were impaired in RcPR4/1-silenced rose plants.
- Taxon
- roset0
- Treatment
- RcPR4/1-e0
- Outcome
- callose degradation- and deposition-related genese0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, callose degradation- and deposition-related genes were impaired in RcPR4/1- or RcPR5/1-silenced plants”
t0“rose”
Claim · model-written summary
Callose degradation- and deposition-related genes were impaired in RcPR5/1-silenced rose plants.
- Taxon
- roset0
- Treatment
- RcPR5/1-silencede0
- Outcome
- callose degradation- and deposition-related genese0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Moreover, callose degradation- and deposition-related genes were impaired in RcPR4/1- or RcPR5/1-silenced plants”
t0“rose”
Claim · model-written summary
RcPR-silenced rose plants were described as displaying a salt tolerance phenotype through callose deposition and Na+/K+ balancing.
Verbatim
e0“RcPR4/1- or RcPR5/1-silenced plants, which displayed a salt tolerance phenotype by balancing the Na+/K+ ratio through callose deposition.”
t0“rose”
Claim · model-written summary
The RcbLHLH59-RcPRs module positively regulates rose salinity tolerance through Na+/K+ balance and callose deposition.
Verbatim
e0“Collectively, our data highlight a new RcbLHLH59-RcPRs module that positively regulates salinity stress tolerance by balancing Na+/K+ and through callose deposition in rose plants.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.