Abstract
Plant amino acid transporters regulate not only long-distance transport and reallocation of nitrogen (N) from source to sink organs, but also the amount of amino acids in leaves hijacked by invading pathogens. However, the function of amino acid transporters in plant defense responses to pathogen infection remains unknown. In this study, we found that the rice amino acid transporter gene OsLHT1 was expressed in leaves and up-regulated by maturation, N starvation, and inoculation of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Knock out of OsLHT1 resulted in development stage- and N supply-dependent premature senescence of leaves at the vegetative growth stage. In comparison with the wild type, Oslht1 mutant lines showed sustained rusty red spots on fully mature leaf blades irrespective of N supply levels. Notably, no relationship between the severity of leaf rusty red spots and concentration of total N or amino acids was found in Oslht1 mutants at different developmental stages. Disruption of OsLHT1 altered transport and metabolism of amino acids and biosynthesis of flavones and flavonoids, enhanced expression of jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-related defense genes, production of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. OsLHT1 inactivation dramatically prevented the leaf invasion by M. oryzae, a hemi-biotrophic ascomycete fungus. Overall, these results establish a link connecting the activity of an amino acid transporter with leaf metabolism and defense against rice blast fungus.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
OsLHT1 expression in leaves was up-regulated by maturation, nitrogen starvation and blast fungus inoculation.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Interactor
- Magnaporthe oryzae
Pyricularia oryzaee0pathogen - Gene
- OsLHT1e0
- Outcome
- expressed in leaves and up-regulatede0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rice amino acid transporter gene OsLHT1 was expressed in leaves and up-regulated by maturation, N starvation, and inoculation of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae”
Claim · model-written summary
OsLHT1 knockout caused premature leaf senescence depending on developmental stage and nitrogen supply.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative growth stagee0
- Treatment
- Knock out of OsLHT1e0
- Gene
- OsLHT1e0
- Outcome
- premature senescence of leavese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Knock out of OsLHT1 resulted in development stage- and N supply-dependent premature senescence of leaves at the vegetative growth stage”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Oslht1 mutants showed sustained rusty red spots on mature leaves compared with wild type regardless of nitrogen supply.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Oslht1 mutant linese0
- Outcome
- sustained rusty red spots on fully mature leaf bladese0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison with the wild type, Oslht1 mutant lines showed sustained rusty red spots on fully mature leaf blades irrespective of N supply levels”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Spot severity was unrelated to total nitrogen or amino acid concentration in Oslht1 mutants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Oslht1 mutantse0
- Compound
- total N or amino acidse0
- Outcome
- severity of leaf rusty red spotse0
- Direction
- no relationshipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no relationship between the severity of leaf rusty red spots and concentration of total N or amino acids was found in Oslht1 mutants at different developmental stages”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsLHT1 disruption altered amino acid transport and metabolism.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsLHT1e0
- Gene
- OsLHT1e0
- Outcome
- transport and metabolism of amino acidse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of OsLHT1 altered transport and metabolism of amino acids”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsLHT1 disruption altered flavone and flavonoid biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsLHT1e0
- Gene
- OsLHT1e0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of flavones and flavonoidse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of OsLHT1 altered transport and metabolism of amino acids and biosynthesis of flavones and flavonoids”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsLHT1 disruption enhanced defense gene expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsLHT1e0
- Outcome
- expression of jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-related defense genese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of OsLHT1 altered transport and metabolism of amino acids and biosynthesis of flavones and flavonoids, enhanced expression of jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-related defense genes”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsLHT1 disruption enhanced jasmonic acid and salicylic acid production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsLHT1e0
- Outcome
- production of jasmonic acid and salicylic acide0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of OsLHT1 altered transport and metabolism of amino acids and biosynthesis of flavones and flavonoids, enhanced expression of jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-related defense genes, production of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsLHT1 disruption enhanced reactive oxygen species accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Disruption of OsLHT1e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen speciese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of OsLHT1 altered transport and metabolism of amino acids and biosynthesis of flavones and flavonoids, enhanced expression of jasmonic acid- and salicylic acid-related defense genes, production of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsLHT1 inactivation prevented leaf invasion by M. oryzae.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- OsLHT1 inactivatione0
- Interactor
- M. oryzaePyricularia oryzaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf invasion by M. oryzaee0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsLHT1 inactivation dramatically prevented the leaf invasion by M. oryzae”
t0“rice”
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