Abstract
Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) and Penicillium expansum (blue mold), are major pome fruit postharvest pathogens and their control relies heavily on the use of one postharvest fungicide (fludioxonil). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the cyclolipopeptides (CLPs), in the form of fengycin and iturin A, in crude metabolite extracts from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as an alternative biofungicide. The crude extract containing CLPs was applied with an edible coating (i.e., zein as a carrier) as a postharvest treatment against B. cinerea on “Packham’s Triumph” pears and P. expansum on “Cripps Pink” apples. Treatments were applied either as dips in combination with a zein edible coating at pH 2.0 or pH 8.0, or as sprays with a zein edible coating at pH 2.0 or pH 8.0. The efficacy of CLP applications was measured in comparison to the standard registered synthetic fungicide fludioxonil at a concentration of 299.0 mg/L. Treatments were applied to the fruit either preventatively (as sprays) or curatively (as dips or sprays). The lowest mean blue mold incidence (68.6%) was achieved when the edible coating containing the crude extract of B. amyloliquefaciens (CLP at pH 2.0) was applied as a curative dip treatment. B. cinerea infection was reduced by 92.6%, resulting in a 5.7% gray mold incidence for the curative application of CLPs at pH 2.0. This result was not significantly different from the inhibitory action of the fungicide fludioxonil. These results indicate that CLPs are an effective alternative biofungicide that can be used for the control of B. cinerea on pome fruit, especially if their formulation and application are improved and optimized.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Curative dip treatment gave the lowest blue mold incidence, 68.6%, in apples.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae1 - Material
- “Cripps Pink”e1
- Treatment
- edible coating containing the crude extract of B. amyloliquefaciens (CLP at pH 2.0)e0
- Interactor
- P. expansum
Penicillium expansume1pathogen - Outcome
- blue mold incidencee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 68.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest mean blue mold incidence (68.6%) was achieved when the edible coating containing the crude extract of B. amyloliquefaciens (CLP at pH 2.0) was applied as a curative dip treatment”
e1“P. expansum on “Cripps Pink” apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Curative CLP at pH 2.0 reduced B. cinerea infection by 92.6% in pears.
- Material
- “Packham’s Triumph”e1
- Treatment
- curative application of CLPs at pH 2.0e0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- B. cinerea infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 92.6%e0
PyrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. cinerea infection was reduced by 92.6%, resulting in a 5.7% gray mold incidence for the curative application of CLPs at pH 2.0”
e1“B. cinerea on “Packham’s Triumph” pears”
Claim · model-written summary
The curative treatment produced 5.7% gray mold incidence in pears.
- Treatment
- curative application of CLPs at pH 2.0e0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- gray mold incidencee0
- Value
- 5.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in a 5.7% gray mold incidence for the curative application of CLPs at pH 2.0”
e1“B. cinerea on “Packham’s Triumph” pears”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment did not differ significantly from fludioxonil inhibition.
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibitory actione0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- fludioxonile0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This result was not significantly different from the inhibitory action of the fungicide fludioxonil”
e1“B. cinerea on “Packham’s Triumph” pears”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose CLPs as an alternative biofungicide for B. cinerea on pome fruit, subject to formulation improvements.
- Taxon
- pome fruite0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of B. cinerea on pome fruite0
- Qualifier
- if their formulation and application are improved and optimizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CLPs are an effective alternative biofungicide that can be used for the control of B. cinerea on pome fruit, especially if their formulation and application are improved and optimized”
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