Abstract
Climate change is the biggest concern to the human kind and threat to agri-food security. Deficiency of water in soil and the ability of plants to uptake water is slowed down due rising temperature and microbial imbalance in soil. Salicylic acid plays an important role in mitigating drought stress and improves the overall production of crop. Humic acid is another amendment to cope against water stress and optimizes the yield. Apart from that, there is little known about their impact on soil geochemistry and that how soil health is altered. To investigate the effect of salicylic acid and humic acid on the drought experiment was conducted at University Research Farm (URF), PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during summer 2023. The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design in two factorial arrangements with four replications. The first factor was comprised of mitigation strategies; salicylic acid, humic acid and chemical fertilizer, while second factor was water regimes; water stress and irrigation maintaining 60% field capacity. Plant attributes including chlorophyll content (SPAD value), total soluble protein content (mg/g), total free amino acid (mg/g), K+ content (mg/g), Na+ content (mg/g), 1000 grain weight (g) and grain yield (kg/ha) were measured and reported. On the other hand, soil parameters that were estimated are: soil pH, soil organic matter content (%), available N (ppm), available P (ppm), available K (ppm) and cation exchange capacity (cmol/kg). According to the data analysis, all of the features under study had a substantial impact from the mitigation approaches. The increased value of chlorophyll content (49.11 mg/g) was obtained in water stressed condition by the application of salicylic acid. Under water stressed regime and salicylic acid boosted the total soluble protein content (1.67 mg/g) and total free amino acid (31.93 mg/g) while grain yield (9451.7 kg/ha) was also boosted up by the amendment salicylic acid in maize. There was also increase in the values of soil pH (6.78), CEC (54.37 cmol/kg), SOM content (0.87%), available N (3.24 ppm), available P (26.14 ppm) and available K (211.23 ppm) drought conditions with the implementation of salicylic acid. Humic acid also positively impacted the drought stress and improved the maize yield (8436.2 kg/ha) under drought condition. Similarly, soil nutrient retention is also improved to large extent under water stress state; SOM content (0.49%), available N (2.36 ppm), available P (15.67 ppm) and available K (171.94 ppm). Overall, the study showed that amendment of salicylic acid and humic acid, is the greatest strategy to increase crop production and quality while also improving the health of the soil.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased chlorophyll content under water stress to 49.11 mg/g.
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 49.11 mg/ge0
- Qualifier
- water stressed conditione0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased value of chlorophyll content (49.11 mg/g) was obtained in water stressed condition by the application of salicylic acid.”
t0“Maize Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid boosted total soluble protein content under water stress to 1.67 mg/g.
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- total soluble protein contente0
- Direction
- boostede0
- Value
- 1.67 mg/ge0
- Qualifier
- water stressed regimee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under water stressed regime and salicylic acid boosted the total soluble protein content (1.67 mg/g) and total free amino acid (31.93 mg/g) while grain yield (9451.7 kg/ha) was also boosted up by the amendment salicylic acid in maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid boosted total free amino acid under water stress to 31.93 mg/g.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under water stressed regime and salicylic acid boosted the total soluble protein content (1.67 mg/g) and total free amino acid (31.93 mg/g) while grain yield (9451.7 kg/ha) was also boosted up by the amendment salicylic acid in maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid boosted maize grain yield under water stress to 9451.7 kg/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under water stressed regime and salicylic acid boosted the total soluble protein content (1.67 mg/g) and total free amino acid (31.93 mg/g) while grain yield (9451.7 kg/ha) was also boosted up by the amendment salicylic acid in maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased soil pH in drought conditions to 6.78.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also increase in the values of soil pH (6.78), CEC (54.37 cmol/kg), SOM content (0.87%), available N (3.24 ppm), available P (26.14 ppm) and available K (211.23 ppm) drought conditions with the implementation of salicylic acid.”
t0“Maize Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased soil CEC in drought conditions to 54.37 cmol/kg.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also increase in the values of soil pH (6.78), CEC (54.37 cmol/kg), SOM content (0.87%), available N (3.24 ppm), available P (26.14 ppm) and available K (211.23 ppm) drought conditions with the implementation of salicylic acid.”
t0“Maize Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased soil organic matter content in drought conditions to 0.87%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also increase in the values of soil pH (6.78), CEC (54.37 cmol/kg), SOM content (0.87%), available N (3.24 ppm), available P (26.14 ppm) and available K (211.23 ppm) drought conditions with the implementation of salicylic acid.”
t0“Maize Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased available soil N in drought conditions to 3.24 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also increase in the values of soil pH (6.78), CEC (54.37 cmol/kg), SOM content (0.87%), available N (3.24 ppm), available P (26.14 ppm) and available K (211.23 ppm) drought conditions with the implementation of salicylic acid.”
t0“Maize Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased available soil P in drought conditions to 26.14 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also increase in the values of soil pH (6.78), CEC (54.37 cmol/kg), SOM content (0.87%), available N (3.24 ppm), available P (26.14 ppm) and available K (211.23 ppm) drought conditions with the implementation of salicylic acid.”
t0“Maize Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased available soil K in drought conditions to 211.23 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also increase in the values of soil pH (6.78), CEC (54.37 cmol/kg), SOM content (0.87%), available N (3.24 ppm), available P (26.14 ppm) and available K (211.23 ppm) drought conditions with the implementation of salicylic acid.”
t0“Maize Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid improved maize yield under drought to 8436.2 kg/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Humic acid also positively impacted the drought stress and improved the maize yield (8436.2 kg/ha) under drought condition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid improved soil organic matter retention under water stress, with SOM content of 0.49%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, soil nutrient retention is also improved to large extent under water stress state; SOM content (0.49%), available N (2.36 ppm), available P (15.67 ppm) and available K (171.94 ppm).”
e1“Humic acid also positively impacted the drought stress and improved the maize yield”
t0“Maize Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid improved available soil N retention under water stress to 2.36 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, soil nutrient retention is also improved to large extent under water stress state; SOM content (0.49%), available N (2.36 ppm), available P (15.67 ppm) and available K (171.94 ppm).”
e1“Humic acid also positively impacted the drought stress and improved the maize yield”
t0“Maize Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid improved available soil P retention under water stress to 15.67 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, soil nutrient retention is also improved to large extent under water stress state; SOM content (0.49%), available N (2.36 ppm), available P (15.67 ppm) and available K (171.94 ppm).”
e1“Humic acid also positively impacted the drought stress and improved the maize yield”
t0“Maize Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid improved available soil K retention under water stress to 171.94 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similarly, soil nutrient retention is also improved to large extent under water stress state; SOM content (0.49%), available N (2.36 ppm), available P (15.67 ppm) and available K (171.94 ppm).”
e1“Humic acid also positively impacted the drought stress and improved the maize yield”
t0“Maize Crop”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend salicylic and humic acid amendments to increase crop production and quality and improve soil health.
- Treatment
- salicylic acid and humic acide0
- Outcome
- increase crop production and quality while also improving the health of the soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, the study showed that amendment of salicylic acid and humic acid, is the greatest strategy to increase crop production and quality while also improving the health of the soil.”
t0“Maize Crop”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · physiology: osmolytes · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
19 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →salicylic acid · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
41 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
40 papers more in this group
See all 44 papers →salicylic acid · soil: chemistry · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
salicylic acid · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →salicylic acid · physiology: pigments · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →other · soil: chemistry · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →other · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
36 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →other · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
220 papers in the same direction as this paper · 26 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
249 papers more in this group
See all 253 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.