Abstract
Paddy is the second crop where huge amounts of chemicals are used for production, majorly for disease control. To avoid excess use of chemicals in the rice fields and also to find the best alternative solution to fungicides for sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, research was carried out by using various bioagents, plant extracts and synthetic bio-polymers. Prior to the field experiments, in vitro studies were carried out to check the efficacy of various bio agents and plant extracts by using dual culture and poisoned food techniques, respectively. Trichoderma harzianum showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition (60.37%), followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens (54.4%), and the least effective was showed by T. asperellum (37.44%). The field experiments were carried out in Kharif 2019-20 and 2020-21, to test the fruitfulness of in vitro studies along with some biopolymers. In Kharif 2019-20 out of all the treatments, effective treatment with least mean disease severity was observed in chitosan (12.50%) and nano silicon (14.79%) application when compared to the fungicide hexaconazole 5 EC (13.89%) which was used as a positive control and the least effective treatment was observed in seaweed extract (18.81%), followed by T. viride (19.0%) whereas, the untreated control showed 28.73% of disease severity. In Kharif 2020-21 chitosan (18.77%) and nano silicon (23.95%) treatments were effective when compared to the hexaconazole 5 EC (23.21%) and highest disease severity was observed in seaweed extract (37.0 %), followed by T. viride (34.81%), whereas the untreated control showed 51.6 % of mean disease severity.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
In dual culture, Trichoderma harzianum gave the highest inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani mycelial growth (60.37%).
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- dual culturee4
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanit0pathogen - Second interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial growth inhibitione1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 60.37%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e1“Trichoderma harzianum showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition (60.37%)”
e4“by using dual culture and poisoned food techniques”
Claim · model-written summary
In dual culture, Pseudomonas fluorescens inhibited Rhizoctonia solani mycelial growth (54.4%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- dual culturee4
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial growth inhibitione1
- Direction
- followed bye2
- Value
- 54.4%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e1“Trichoderma harzianum showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition (60.37%)”
e2“followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens (54.4%)”
e4“by using dual culture and poisoned food techniques”
Claim · model-written summary
In dual culture, Trichoderma asperellum gave the least mycelial growth inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani (37.44%).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- dual culturee4
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. asperellum
Trichoderma asperellume3biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- mycelial growth inhibitione1
- Direction
- least effectivee3
- Value
- 37.44%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e1“Trichoderma harzianum showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition (60.37%)”
e3“the least effective was showed by T. asperellum (37.44%)”
e4“by using dual culture and poisoned food techniques”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kharif 2019-20, chitosan had the least mean disease severity (12.50%) compared with hexaconazole 5 EC.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- chitosane5
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- mean disease severitye5
- Direction
- leaste5
- Value
- 12.50%e5
- Qualifier
- 13.89%e5
- Comparator
- hexaconazole 5 ECe5
- Setting
- In Kharif 2019-20e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e5“In Kharif 2019-20 out of all the treatments, effective treatment with least mean disease severity was observed in chitosan (12.50%) and nano silicon (14.79%) application when compared to the fungicide hexaconazole 5 EC (13.89%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kharif 2019-20, nano silicon had the least mean disease severity (14.79%) compared with hexaconazole 5 EC.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nano silicone5
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- mean disease severitye5
- Direction
- leaste5
- Value
- 14.79%e5
- Qualifier
- 13.89%e5
- Comparator
- hexaconazole 5 ECe5
- Setting
- In Kharif 2019-20e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e5“In Kharif 2019-20 out of all the treatments, effective treatment with least mean disease severity was observed in chitosan (12.50%) and nano silicon (14.79%) application when compared to the fungicide hexaconazole 5 EC (13.89%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kharif 2019-20, seaweed extract was the least effective treatment (18.81% disease severity).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- seaweed extracte6
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- least effectivee6
- Direction
- least effectivee6
- Value
- 18.81%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e6“the least effective treatment was observed in seaweed extract (18.81%), followed by T. viride (19.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kharif 2019-20, T. viride was the second least effective treatment (19.0% disease severity).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T. viridee6
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. viride
Trichoderma viridee6biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- least effectivee6
- Direction
- followed bye6
- Value
- 19.0%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e6“the least effective treatment was observed in seaweed extract (18.81%), followed by T. viride (19.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The untreated control showed 28.73% disease severity in Kharif 2019-20.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Value
- 28.73%e1
- Qualifier
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e1“the untreated control showed 28.73% of disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kharif 2020-21, chitosan was effective with 18.77% mean disease severity compared with hexaconazole 5 EC.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- chitosane7
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- mean disease severitye2
- Direction
- effectivee7
- Value
- 18.77%e7
- Qualifier
- 23.21%e7
- Comparator
- hexaconazole 5 ECe7
- Setting
- In Kharif 2020-21e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e7“In Kharif 2020-21 chitosan (18.77%) and nano silicon (23.95%) treatments were effective when compared to the hexaconazole 5 EC (23.21%)”
e2“whereas the untreated control showed 51.6 % of mean disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kharif 2020-21, nano silicon was effective with 23.95% mean disease severity compared with hexaconazole 5 EC.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nano silicone7
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- mean disease severitye2
- Direction
- effectivee7
- Value
- 23.95%e7
- Qualifier
- 23.21%e7
- Comparator
- hexaconazole 5 ECe7
- Setting
- In Kharif 2020-21e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e7“In Kharif 2020-21 chitosan (18.77%) and nano silicon (23.95%) treatments were effective when compared to the hexaconazole 5 EC (23.21%)”
e2“whereas the untreated control showed 51.6 % of mean disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kharif 2020-21, seaweed extract had the highest disease severity (37.0%).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- seaweed extracte1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 37.0 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e1“highest disease severity was observed in seaweed extract (37.0 %)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Kharif 2020-21, T. viride had the second highest disease severity (34.81%).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- T. viridee2
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. virideTrichoderma viridee2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- followed bye2
- Value
- 34.81%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e1“highest disease severity was observed in seaweed extract (37.0 %)”
e2“followed by T. viride (34.81%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The untreated control showed 51.6% mean disease severity in Kharif 2020-21.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanit0pathogen
- Outcome
- mean disease severitye1
- Value
- 51.6 %e1
- Qualifier
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Management of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.”
e1“whereas the untreated control showed 51.6 % of mean disease severity”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →chitosan · Rhizoctonia solani · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
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See all 6 papers →silicon atom · Rhizoctonia solani · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
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See all 7 papers →other · Rhizoctonia solani · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
nanoparticle · Rhizoctonia solani · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.