Comparative Evaluation of Nano Urea and Urea Foliar Sprays on Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility in Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.) Production

Abstract

An investigation on “Comparative Evaluation of Nano Urea and Urea Foliar Sprays on Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility in Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.) Production” was conducted during kharif 2022 at ZARS, V. C. Farm, Mandya, on sandy loam soil. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with eleven treatments replicated thrice. Treatments include combinations of basal application of urea at 50, 75 and 100% recommended dose of N with varied levels of nano urea and urea spray at 20 and 40 DAS, which were compared with RDF and control (RDF without N). Among the treatments tested, 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (427.70 q ha-1) and dry matter yield (91.64 q ha-1), nutrient uptake (153.49 kg ha-1 of N, 33.37 kg ha-1of P and 121.29 kg ha-1 of K) and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray. Available N, P2O5 and K2O status in the post-harvest soil varied significantly but pH, EC and OC was not significantly influenced by varied levels of recommended dose of nitrogen with different foliar concentrations of nano urea and urea. Higher soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was recorded 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray (213.25, 42.58, 189.06 kg ha-1, respectively) followed by 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray (200.70, 40.87 and 187.95 kg ha-1, respectively).

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray gave higher green fodder yield in fodder maize and was on par with nano urea spray.

Taxon: Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayst0
Treatment: 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spraye0
Outcome: green fodder yielde0
Direction: highere0
Value: 427.70 q ha-1e0
Comparator: 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spraye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Zea mays* · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“Among the treatments tested, 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (427.70 q ha-1) and dry matter yield (91.64 q ha-1), nutrient uptake (153.49 kg ha-1 of N, 33.37 kg ha-1of P and 121.29 kg ha-1 of K) and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 545–874 · show in text ↑

t0
“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–126 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray gave higher dry matter yield in fodder maize and was on par with nano urea spray.

Taxon: Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayst0
Treatment: 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spraye0
Outcome: dry matter yielde0
Direction: highere0
Value: 91.64 q ha-1e0
Comparator: 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spraye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Among the treatments tested, 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (427.70 q ha-1) and dry matter yield (91.64 q ha-1), nutrient uptake (153.49 kg ha-1 of N, 33.37 kg ha-1of P and 121.29 kg ha-1 of K) and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 545–874 · show in text ↑

t0
“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–126 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray gave higher N in fodder maize and was on par with nano urea spray.

Taxon: Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayst0
Treatment: 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spraye0
Outcome: Ne0
Direction: highere0
Value: 153.49 kg ha-1e0
Comparator: 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spraye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Among the treatments tested, 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (427.70 q ha-1) and dry matter yield (91.64 q ha-1), nutrient uptake (153.49 kg ha-1 of N, 33.37 kg ha-1of P and 121.29 kg ha-1 of K) and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 545–874 · show in text ↑

t0
“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–126 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray gave higher P in fodder maize and was on par with nano urea spray.

Taxon: Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayst0
Treatment: 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spraye0
Outcome: Pe0
Direction: highere0
Value: 33.37 kg ha-1e0
Comparator: 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spraye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Among the treatments tested, 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (427.70 q ha-1) and dry matter yield (91.64 q ha-1), nutrient uptake (153.49 kg ha-1 of N, 33.37 kg ha-1of P and 121.29 kg ha-1 of K) and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 545–874 · show in text ↑

t0
“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–126 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray gave higher K in fodder maize and was on par with nano urea spray.

Taxon: Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayst0
Treatment: 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spraye0
Outcome: Ke0
Direction: highere0
Value: 121.29 kg ha-1e0
Comparator: 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spraye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Among the treatments tested, 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (427.70 q ha-1) and dry matter yield (91.64 q ha-1), nutrient uptake (153.49 kg ha-1 of N, 33.37 kg ha-1of P and 121.29 kg ha-1 of K) and was on par with 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 545–874 · show in text ↑

t0
“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–126 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Postharvest soil N, P2O5 and K2O differed significantly across nitrogen and foliar spray treatments.

Taxon: Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayst0
Treatment: varied levels of recommended dose of nitrogen with different foliar concentrations of nano urea and ureae0
Outcome: Available N, P2O5 and K2O statuse0
Direction: variede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Available N, P2O5 and K2O status in the post-harvest soil varied significantly but pH, EC and OC was not significantly influenced by varied levels of recommended dose of nitrogen with different foliar concentrations of nano urea and urea.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 875–1113 · show in text ↑

t0
“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–126 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Postharvest soil pH, EC and OC were not significantly affected by nitrogen and foliar spray treatments.

Taxon: Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayst0
Treatment: varied levels of recommended dose of nitrogen with different foliar concentrations of nano urea and ureae0
Outcome: pH, EC and OCe0
Direction: not significantly influencede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Available N, P2O5 and K2O status in the post-harvest soil varied significantly but pH, EC and OC was not significantly influenced by varied levels of recommended dose of nitrogen with different foliar concentrations of nano urea and urea.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 875–1113 · show in text ↑

t0
“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–126 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray produced higher soil available nitrogen than nano urea spray.

Taxon: Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayst0
Treatment: 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spraye0
Outcome: soil available nitrogene0
Direction: Highere0
Value: 213.25e0
Comparator: 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spraye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Higher soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was recorded 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray (213.25, 42.58, 189.06 kg ha-1, respectively) followed by 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray (200.70, 40.87 and 187.95 kg ha-1, respectively).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1114–1388 · show in text ↑

t0
“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–126 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray produced higher phosphorus than nano urea spray.

Taxon: Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayst0
Treatment: 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spraye0
Outcome: phosphoruse0
Direction: Highere0
Value: 42.58e0
Comparator: 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spraye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Higher soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was recorded 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray (213.25, 42.58, 189.06 kg ha-1, respectively) followed by 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray (200.70, 40.87 and 187.95 kg ha-1, respectively).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1114–1388 · show in text ↑

t0
“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–126 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray produced higher potassium than nano urea spray.

Taxon: Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayst0
Treatment: 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spraye0
Outcome: potassiume0
Direction: Highere0
Value: 189.06 kg ha-1e0
Comparator: 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spraye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Higher soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was recorded 100% recommended dose of N + Urea @ 2% spray (213.25, 42.58, 189.06 kg ha-1, respectively) followed by 100% recommended dose of N + Nano urea @ 0.4% spray (200.70, 40.87 and 187.95 kg ha-1, respectively).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1114–1388 · show in text ↑

t0
“Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 100–126 · show in text ↑

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 10

The same questions in other papers

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