Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ridge and furrow rain-harvesting planting system and integrated nutrient management are crucial strategies for enhancing soil moisture and fertility in drylands. However, the synergistic impact of these approaches on soil hydrothermal environment, maize productivity, water-nitrogen productivity and soil carbon fractions has not been fully understood. A two-year field experiment were conducted in 2020 and 2021 was undertaken in Loess Plateau of China. Six treatments: (i-iii) Conventional flat planting with no nutrient management (CP), with nitrogen fertilizer (CPN), with nitrogen fertilizer and maize straw (CPSN); (iv-vi) ridge and furrow rain-harvesting planting with no nutrient management (RF), with nitrogen fertilizer (RFN), with nitrogen fertilizer and maize straw (RFSN). RESULTS: The results showed that the RF, CPN, RFN, CPSN and RFSN significantly improved soil temperature, which showed gradually increased after the seedling stage and slowly decreased at silking to maturity stage in two maize growing period. The dynamics of soil water storage (SWS) varied significantly throughout the six growing periods. The increasing of grain yield and above-ground biomass were highly influenced by ridge and furrow rain-harvesting planting system and interaction with nitrogen fertilizer and crop straw management. The grain and straw N content, plant N uptake, water productivity also similar with the rank of grain yield and above-ground followed by RFSN>CPSN>FPN>CPN>FP>CP. Furthermore, the RFSN treatment significantly increased the N uptake efficiency (NUPE), agronomy efficiency of N (AEN), and partial factor productivity of N fertilizer (PFPN) compared to RFN, with a mean increase of 29.2%, 44.5% and 7.8% in both growing years. Meanwhile, the RFSN treatment increased DOC by 51.1% (53.2%), EOC by 25.4 % (26.1%), MBC by 96.3% (80.8%), MBN by 52.6% (86.7%) in 2020 (2021), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: in ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting system (RFSN) serve as a effective method of soil management to enhance water and nitrogen utilization, potentially boosting yields and promoting resource efficiency in the arid regions of the Loess Plateau.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Five listed treatments significantly improved soil temperature.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the RF, CPN, RFN, CPSN and RFSN significantly improved soil temperature”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil temperature increased after seedling and decreased from silking to maturity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly improved soil temperature, which showed gradually increased after the seedling stage and slowly decreased at silking to maturity stage in two maize growing period”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water storage varied significantly over six growing periods.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dynamics of soil water storage (SWS) varied significantly throughout the six growing periods.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridge and furrow planting interacted with nitrogen and straw management in increasing grain yield.
- Treatment
- ridge and furrow rain-harvesting planting systeme0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increasing of grain yield and above-ground biomass were highly influenced by ridge and furrow rain-harvesting planting system and interaction with nitrogen fertilizer and crop straw management.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ridge and furrow planting interacted with nitrogen and straw management in increasing above-ground biomass.
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizer and crop straw managemente0
- Outcome
- above-ground biomasse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increasing of grain yield and above-ground biomass were highly influenced by ridge and furrow rain-harvesting planting system and interaction with nitrogen fertilizer and crop straw management.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain and straw nitrogen content followed the reported treatment ranking.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain and straw N content, plant N uptake, water productivity also similar with the rank of grain yield and above-ground followed by RFSN>CPSN>FPN>CPN>FP>CP.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant nitrogen uptake followed the reported treatment ranking.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain and straw N content, plant N uptake, water productivity also similar with the rank of grain yield and above-ground followed by RFSN>CPSN>FPN>CPN>FP>CP.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Water productivity followed the reported treatment ranking.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain and straw N content, plant N uptake, water productivity also similar with the rank of grain yield and above-ground followed by RFSN>CPSN>FPN>CPN>FP>CP.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
RFSN increased nitrogen uptake efficiency by 29.2% compared with RFN.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the RFSN treatment significantly increased the N uptake efficiency (NUPE), agronomy efficiency of N (AEN), and partial factor productivity of N fertilizer (PFPN) compared to RFN, with a mean increase of 29.2%, 44.5% and 7.8% in both growing years.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
RFSN increased agronomic nitrogen efficiency by 44.5% compared with RFN.
- Treatment
- RFSNe0
- Outcome
- agronomy efficiency of N (AEN)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 44.5%e0
- Comparator
- RFNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the RFSN treatment significantly increased the N uptake efficiency (NUPE), agronomy efficiency of N (AEN), and partial factor productivity of N fertilizer (PFPN) compared to RFN, with a mean increase of 29.2%, 44.5% and 7.8% in both growing years.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
RFSN increased partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 7.8% compared with RFN.
- Treatment
- RFSNe0
- Outcome
- partial factor productivity of N fertilizer (PFPN)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.8%e0
- Comparator
- RFNe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the RFSN treatment significantly increased the N uptake efficiency (NUPE), agronomy efficiency of N (AEN), and partial factor productivity of N fertilizer (PFPN) compared to RFN, with a mean increase of 29.2%, 44.5% and 7.8% in both growing years.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
RFSN increased DOC by 51.1% in 2020 and 53.2% in 2021.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the RFSN treatment increased DOC by 51.1% (53.2%), EOC by 25.4 % (26.1%), MBC by 96.3% (80.8%), MBN by 52.6% (86.7%) in 2020 (2021), respectively.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
RFSN increased EOC by 25.4% in 2020 and 26.1% in 2021.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the RFSN treatment increased DOC by 51.1% (53.2%), EOC by 25.4 % (26.1%), MBC by 96.3% (80.8%), MBN by 52.6% (86.7%) in 2020 (2021), respectively.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
RFSN increased MBC by 96.3% in 2020 and 80.8% in 2021.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the RFSN treatment increased DOC by 51.1% (53.2%), EOC by 25.4 % (26.1%), MBC by 96.3% (80.8%), MBN by 52.6% (86.7%) in 2020 (2021), respectively.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
RFSN increased MBN by 52.6% in 2020 and 86.7% in 2021.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the RFSN treatment increased DOC by 51.1% (53.2%), EOC by 25.4 % (26.1%), MBC by 96.3% (80.8%), MBN by 52.6% (86.7%) in 2020 (2021), respectively.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend RFSN to enhance water and nitrogen use and yields in the Loess Plateau.
- Treatment
- ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting system (RFSN)e0
- Outcome
- enhance water and nitrogen utilization, potentially boosting yields and promoting resource efficiencye0
- Setting
- Loess Plateaue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in ridge and furrow rainwater harvesting system (RFSN) serve as a effective method of soil management to enhance water and nitrogen utilization, potentially boosting yields and promoting resource efficiency in the arid regions of the Loess Plateau.”
t0“maize”
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