Paper · 2025 · International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research

Influence of biofertilizer and nano urea on growth and yield of sorghum

Soumyadeep Goswami; Biswarup Mehera; Prateek Kumar; et al.

6
claims
12
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season of 2024 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences to “Influence of biofertilizer and nano urea on growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L)”. The treatments consisted of three levels of Biofertilizer (Azotobacter-25 g/kg, Azospirillum-45 g/kg, Azotobacter + Azospirillum), Nano urea (2, 3, 4 ml/l) along with recommended doses of fertilizer and a control (80-40-40 kg N-P-K/ha). The results revealed that the significantly higher plant height (132.5 cm), higher plant dry weight (46.65 g), higher test weight (26.40 g), higher seed yield (2.30 t/ha), higher stover yield (6.18 t/ha) were recorded in treatment 5 [Azospirillum 45 g/kg + Nano urea 3 ml/l] and higher length of ear head (26.75 cm) were recorded in treatment 3 [Azotobacter 20 g/kg + Nano urea 4 ml/l].

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Claims 6

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Azospirillum with nano urea produced 132.5 cm plant height.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Treatment
Azospirillum 45 g/kg + Nano urea 3 ml/le0
Interactor
AzospirillumAzospirillume0symbiont
Outcome
plant heighte0
Direction
highere0
Value
132.5 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azospirillum
Azospirillum · InteractorFadelblaid · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“significantly higher plant height (132.5 cm), higher plant dry weight (46.65 g), higher test weight (26.40 g), higher seed yield (2.30 t/ha), higher stover yield (6.18 t/ha) were recorded in treatment 5 [Azospirillum 45 g/kg + Nano urea 3 ml/l]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 572–816 · show in text ↑
e1

“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 275–302 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 5 produced 46.65 g plant dry weight.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Treatment
Azospirillum 45 g/kg + Nano urea 3 ml/le0
Outcome
plant dry weighte0
Direction
highere0
Value
46.65 ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“higher plant dry weight (46.65 g), higher test weight (26.40 g), higher seed yield (2.30 t/ha), higher stover yield (6.18 t/ha) were recorded in treatment 5 [Azospirillum 45 g/kg + Nano urea 3 ml/l]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 618–816 · show in text ↑
e1

“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 275–302 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 5 produced 26.40 g test weight.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Treatment
Azospirillum 45 g/kg + Nano urea 3 ml/le0
Outcome
test weighte0
Direction
highere0
Value
26.40 ge0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“higher test weight (26.40 g), higher seed yield (2.30 t/ha), higher stover yield (6.18 t/ha) were recorded in treatment 5 [Azospirillum 45 g/kg + Nano urea 3 ml/l]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 653–816 · show in text ↑
e1

“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 275–302 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 5 produced 2.30 t/ha seed yield.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Treatment
Azospirillum 45 g/kg + Nano urea 3 ml/le0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
highere0
Value
2.30 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“higher seed yield (2.30 t/ha), higher stover yield (6.18 t/ha) were recorded in treatment 5 [Azospirillum 45 g/kg + Nano urea 3 ml/l]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–816 · show in text ↑
e1

“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 275–302 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Treatment 5 produced 6.18 t/ha stover yield.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Treatment
Azospirillum 45 g/kg + Nano urea 3 ml/le0
Outcome
stover yielde0
Direction
highere0
Value
6.18 t/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“higher stover yield (6.18 t/ha) were recorded in treatment 5 [Azospirillum 45 g/kg + Nano urea 3 ml/l]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 714–816 · show in text ↑
e1

“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 275–302 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Azotobacter with nano urea produced 26.75 cm ear heads.

Taxon
sorghumSorghume1
Treatment
Azotobacter 20 g/kg + Nano urea 4 ml/le0
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
Outcome
length of ear heade0
Direction
highere0
Value
26.75 cme0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“higher length of ear head (26.75 cm) were recorded in treatment 3 [Azotobacter 20 g/kg + Nano urea 4 ml/l]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 821–927 · show in text ↑
e1

“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 275–302 · show in text ↑

Azospirillum · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results

18 papers: 17 positive, 1 negative or no effect

16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

14 papers more in this group

See all 18 papers →

Azospirillum · quality: grain · SorghumResults agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

Azospirillum · growth · SorghumResults agree

9 papers: 9 positive, 0 negative or no effect

8 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

nitrogen · growth · SorghumResults differ

93 papers: 81 positive, 12 negative or no effect

80 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

89 papers more in this group

See all 93 papers →

nanoparticle · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results

11 papers: 10 positive, 1 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
  3. positive

7 papers more in this group

See all 11 papers →

nitrogen · quality: grain · SorghumPositive and negative results

14 papers: 12 positive, 2 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. positive

10 papers more in this group

See all 14 papers →

nanoparticle · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results

31 papers: 29 positive, 2 negative or no effect

28 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. positive

27 papers more in this group

See all 31 papers →

nitrogen · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results

290 papers: 264 positive, 26 negative or no effect

263 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

286 papers more in this group

See all 290 papers →

8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.