Abstract
The present study was carried out during the Rabi season at the pot house of the Department of Agricultural Sciences and Allied Industries, Rama University, Kanpur, situated in the Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh. The experiment aimed to evaluate the impact of various fertilizer treatments on wheat yield and soil fertility. The treatments included: T1 - Control, T2 - Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF; 120:60:40 kg ha⁻¹), T3 - RDF + 5 kg ZnSO₄ ha⁻¹, T4 - RDF + 10 kg ZnSO₄ ha⁻¹, T5 - RDF + Seed treatment with Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria (ZSB), T6 - RDF + ZnSO₄ ha⁻¹ + ZSB seed treatment, T7 - RDF + 10 kg ZnSO₄ ha⁻¹ + ZSB seed treatment. The treatments showed significant differences in their effects on soil fertility and the grain and straw yields of wheat. The application of 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment resulted in significantly higher growth and yield parameters. These included plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m⁻²), number of effective tillers (m⁻²), grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), harvest index (%), grain yield (38.40 q ha⁻¹), and straw yield (63.3 q ha⁻¹). The integration of organic and inorganic fertilizers along with biofertilizers notably enhanced the organic carbon content in soil. A combination of 100% NPK with FYM, ZnSO₄, Mn, and Fe yielded higher productivity and profitability, and also improved residual soil fertility after wheat cultivation. The highest bioavailable zinc levels were observed with foliar (30%) and soil application (28%). Across both tillage systems, maximum economic returns were achieved through zinc seed priming, with zero tillage (ZT) providing greater net benefits than conventional plough tillage (PT) due to reduced input costs. Overall, zinc application through various methods enhanced wheat productivity, economic returns, and grain biofortification under both PT and ZT conditions.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer treatments differed significantly in soil fertility and wheat grain and straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- soil fertility and the grain and straw yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments showed significant differences in their effects on soil fertility and the grain and straw yields of wheat.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment produced significantly higher plant height (cm).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant height (cm)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment resulted in significantly higher growth and yield parameters. These included plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m⁻²), number of effective tillers (m⁻²), grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), harvest index (%), grain yield (38.40 q ha⁻¹), and straw yield (63.3 q ha⁻¹).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment produced significantly higher dry matter accumulation (g m⁻²).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation (g m⁻²)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment resulted in significantly higher growth and yield parameters. These included plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m⁻²), number of effective tillers (m⁻²), grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), harvest index (%), grain yield (38.40 q ha⁻¹), and straw yield (63.3 q ha⁻¹).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment produced significantly higher number of effective tillers (m⁻²).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of effective tillers (m⁻²)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment resulted in significantly higher growth and yield parameters. These included plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m⁻²), number of effective tillers (m⁻²), grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), harvest index (%), grain yield (38.40 q ha⁻¹), and straw yield (63.3 q ha⁻¹).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment produced significantly higher grains per spike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- grains per spikee0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment resulted in significantly higher growth and yield parameters. These included plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m⁻²), number of effective tillers (m⁻²), grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), harvest index (%), grain yield (38.40 q ha⁻¹), and straw yield (63.3 q ha⁻¹).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment produced significantly higher 1000-grain weight (g).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weight (g)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment resulted in significantly higher growth and yield parameters. These included plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m⁻²), number of effective tillers (m⁻²), grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), harvest index (%), grain yield (38.40 q ha⁻¹), and straw yield (63.3 q ha⁻¹).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment produced significantly higher harvest index (%).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- harvest index (%)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment resulted in significantly higher growth and yield parameters. These included plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m⁻²), number of effective tillers (m⁻²), grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), harvest index (%), grain yield (38.40 q ha⁻¹), and straw yield (63.3 q ha⁻¹).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment produced significantly higher grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 38.40 q ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment resulted in significantly higher growth and yield parameters. These included plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m⁻²), number of effective tillers (m⁻²), grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), harvest index (%), grain yield (38.40 q ha⁻¹), and straw yield (63.3 q ha⁻¹).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
RDF with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment produced significantly higher straw yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 63.3 q ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of 100% RDF combined with ZnSO₄ and ZSB seed treatment resulted in significantly higher growth and yield parameters. These included plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m⁻²), number of effective tillers (m⁻²), grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), harvest index (%), grain yield (38.40 q ha⁻¹), and straw yield (63.3 q ha⁻¹).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated fertilizers and biofertilizers enhanced soil organic carbon.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- organic and inorganic fertilizers along with biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- organic carbon content in soile0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integration of organic and inorganic fertilizers along with biofertilizers notably enhanced the organic carbon content in soil.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPK, FYM, ZnSO₄, Mn and Fe higher productivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK with FYM, ZnSO₄, Mn, and Fee0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A combination of 100% NPK with FYM, ZnSO₄, Mn, and Fe yielded higher productivity and profitability, and also improved residual soil fertility after wheat cultivation.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPK, FYM, ZnSO₄, Mn and Fe higher profitability.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK with FYM, ZnSO₄, Mn, and Fee0
- Outcome
- profitabilitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A combination of 100% NPK with FYM, ZnSO₄, Mn, and Fe yielded higher productivity and profitability, and also improved residual soil fertility after wheat cultivation.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPK, FYM, ZnSO₄, Mn and Fe improved residual soil fertility.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK with FYM, ZnSO₄, Mn, and Fee0
- Outcome
- residual soil fertilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A combination of 100% NPK with FYM, ZnSO₄, Mn, and Fe yielded higher productivity and profitability, and also improved residual soil fertility after wheat cultivation.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioavailable zinc was highest with foliar application at 30%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliare0
- Outcome
- bioavailable zinc levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest bioavailable zinc levels were observed with foliar (30%) and soil application (28%).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioavailable zinc was highest with soil application application at 28%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil applicatione0
- Outcome
- bioavailable zinc levelse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 28%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest bioavailable zinc levels were observed with foliar (30%) and soil application (28%).”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc seed priming achieved maximum economic returns in both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- zinc seed priminge0
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across both tillage systems, maximum economic returns were achieved through zinc seed priming, with zero tillage (ZT) providing greater net benefits than conventional plough tillage (PT) due to reduced input costs.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage produced greater net benefits than conventional plough tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- zero tillage (ZT)e0
- Outcome
- net benefitse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- conventional plough tillage (PT)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across both tillage systems, maximum economic returns were achieved through zinc seed priming, with zero tillage (ZT) providing greater net benefits than conventional plough tillage (PT) due to reduced input costs.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application enhanced wheat productivity under both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zinc application through various methodse0
- Outcome
- wheat productivitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, zinc application through various methods enhanced wheat productivity, economic returns, and grain biofortification under both PT and ZT conditions.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application enhanced economic returns under both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zinc application through various methodse0
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, zinc application through various methods enhanced wheat productivity, economic returns, and grain biofortification under both PT and ZT conditions.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application enhanced grain biofortification under both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zinc application through various methodse0
- Outcome
- grain biofortificatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, zinc application through various methods enhanced wheat productivity, economic returns, and grain biofortification under both PT and ZT conditions.”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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See all 6 papers →8 of 19 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.