Abstract
Agroforestry offers significant environmental, economic and social benefits by integrating trees into agricultural systems. Sometimes, horticultural crops are also added, leading to agri-horti systems. This study investigates the effects of phosphorus (P) application and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) inoculation on the growth, yield and economics of Cicer arietinum L. in an Annona squamosa L. based agri-horti system. The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2018–19 at the Agroforestry Research Farm, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, under rainfed conditions. The trial followed a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with 12 treatment combinations, consisting of four phosphorus levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha) and three PSB inoculation levels (0, 5 and 10 mL/kg seed), replicated thrice. The results revealed that increasing phosphorus levels and PSB inoculation significantly enhanced growth attributes such as plant height, number of branches, root nodules and dry matter accumulation. The highest yield attributes were obtained with 60 kg P2O5/ha and 10 mL PSB/kg seed inoculation. Grain yield (16.70 q/ha) and biological yield (43.25 q/ha) were maximized at 60 kg P2O5/ha, while PSB inoculation at 10 mL/kg seed resulted in a grain yield of 14.40 q/ha. Economic analysis indicated that the highest net return (₹44195) and benefit-cost ratio (2.15) were achieved with 60 kg P2O5/ha and 10 mL PSB/kg seed. These findings highlight the potential of phosphorus application and PSB inoculation in optimizing chickpea production under agroforestry systems, ensuring better resource utilization and economic returns for farmers in rainfed regions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing phosphorus significantly enhanced plant height, branch number and dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- increasing phosphorus levelse1
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branchese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cicer arietinum L.”
e1“increasing phosphorus levels and PSB inoculation significantly enhanced growth attributes such as plant height, number of branches, root nodules and dry matter accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB inoculation significantly enhanced plant height, branch number and dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- PSB inoculatione1
- Interactor
- PSBe1symbiont
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cicer arietinum L.”
e1“increasing phosphorus levels and PSB inoculation significantly enhanced growth attributes such as plant height, number of branches, root nodules and dry matter accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus and PSB increased root nodule number.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- PSB inoculatione1
- Interactor
- PSBe1symbiont
- Outcome
- root nodulese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cicer arietinum L.”
e1“increasing phosphorus levels and PSB inoculation significantly enhanced growth attributes such as plant height, number of branches, root nodules and dry matter accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest yield attributes occurred with 60 kg phosphorus and 10 mL PSB inoculation.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- 60 kg P2O5/ha and 10 mL PSB/kg seed inoculatione1
- Interactor
- PSBe1symbiont
- Outcome
- yield attributese1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cicer arietinum L.”
e1“The highest yield attributes were obtained with 60 kg P2O5/ha and 10 mL PSB/kg seed inoculation.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 kg phosphorus, grain yield reached 16.70 q/ha.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- 60 kg P2O5/hae1
- Outcome
- Grain yielde1
- Direction
- maximizede1
- Value
- 16.70 q/hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cicer arietinum L.”
e1“Grain yield (16.70 q/ha) and biological yield (43.25 q/ha) were maximized at 60 kg P2O5/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 kg phosphorus, biological yield reached 43.25 q/ha.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- 60 kg P2O5/hae1
- Outcome
- biological yielde1
- Direction
- maximizede1
- Value
- 43.25 q/hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cicer arietinum L.”
e1“Grain yield (16.70 q/ha) and biological yield (43.25 q/ha) were maximized at 60 kg P2O5/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB inoculation at 10 mL/kg seed gave grain yield of 14.40 q/ha.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- PSB inoculation at 10 mL/kg seede1
- Interactor
- PSBe1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Value
- 14.40 q/hae1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cicer arietinum L.”
e1“PSB inoculation at 10 mL/kg seed resulted in a grain yield of 14.40 q/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment gave the highest net return of ₹44195.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- 60 kg P2O5/ha and 10 mL PSB/kg seede1
- Interactor
- PSBe1symbiont
- Outcome
- net returne1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- ₹44195e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cicer arietinum L.”
e1“the highest net return (₹44195) and benefit-cost ratio (2.15) were achieved with 60 kg P2O5/ha and 10 mL PSB/kg seed.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment gave the highest benefit-cost ratio of 2.15.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- 60 kg P2O5/ha and 10 mL PSB/kg seede1
- Interactor
- PSBe1symbiont
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 2.15e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cicer arietinum L.”
e1“the highest net return (₹44195) and benefit-cost ratio (2.15) were achieved with 60 kg P2O5/ha and 10 mL PSB/kg seed.”
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phosphorus · symbiosis · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Results differ
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160 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 168 papers →inoculation · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
199 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
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See all 217 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.