Abstract
Soil salinity threatens global food security, affecting over 800 million hectares of farmland, including approximately 2 million hectares in Tanzania. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is susceptible to salt stress during germination and early seedling development. The performance of recently released biofortified common bean varieties in Tanzania remains unexplored, raising concerns about potential trade-offs between enhanced nutrition and stress resilience. This study evaluated the effects of salinity on seed germination and seedling vigour in biofortified common bean varieties to identify those with superior salt tolerance for salt-affected areas. Seven varieties, six biofortified cultivars (SELIAN14, JESCA, TARIBEAN 2, TARIBEAN 4, TARIBEAN 5, TARIBEAN 6), and one non-biofortified control (TARIBEAN 1) were tested under four NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) using a completely randomized factorial design with three replicates. Two-way ANOVA revealed that salinity significantly affected (p < 0.001) germination, shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and seedling vigour indices. Increasing salinity reduced cumulative germination from 98-100% to 59-67%, decreased shoot length by 25-35%, and lowered vigour index I by 50-60% at 150 mM NaCl. Significant varietal differences were observed for root length (p < 0.05), fresh weight (p < 0.001), dry weight (p < 0.001), and vigour index II (p < 0.01). SELIAN14, TARIBEAN 5, and TARIBEAN 6 demonstrated greater salt tolerance, maintaining higher biomass and vigour indices, while TARIBEAN 2 was more sensitive. These salt-tolerant, biofortified varieties are recommended for cultivation in salt-affected regions and as donor parents in breeding programs to develop climate-resilient, nutrient-rich common beans in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity significantly affected germination, shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and seedling vigour indices.
- Taxon
- Common Bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- germination, shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and seedling vigour indicese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity significantly affected (p < 0.001) germination, shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and seedling vigour indices”
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity reduced cumulative germination from 98-100% to 59-67%.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- cumulative germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 59-67%e0
- Qualifier
- 98-100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity reduced cumulative germination from 98-100% to 59-67%”
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity decreased shoot length by 25-35%.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 25-35%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased shoot length by 25-35%”
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity lowered vigour index I by 50-60% at 150 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 150 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- vigour index Ie0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Value
- 50-60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowered vigour index I by 50-60% at 150 mM NaCl”
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Varieties differed significantly in root length, fresh weight, dry weight, and vigour index II.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- varietal differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant varietal differences were observed for root length (p < 0.05), fresh weight (p < 0.001), dry weight (p < 0.001), and vigour index II (p < 0.01)”
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SELIAN14 showed greater salt tolerance, maintaining higher biomass and vigour indices.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- SELIAN14e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SELIAN14, TARIBEAN 5, and TARIBEAN 6 demonstrated greater salt tolerance, maintaining higher biomass and vigour indices”
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
TARIBEAN 5 showed greater salt tolerance, maintaining higher biomass and vigour indices.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- TARIBEAN 5e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SELIAN14, TARIBEAN 5, and TARIBEAN 6 demonstrated greater salt tolerance, maintaining higher biomass and vigour indices”
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
TARIBEAN 6 showed greater salt tolerance, maintaining higher biomass and vigour indices.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- TARIBEAN 6e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SELIAN14, TARIBEAN 5, and TARIBEAN 6 demonstrated greater salt tolerance, maintaining higher biomass and vigour indices”
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
TARIBEAN 2 was more salt sensitive.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Material
- TARIBEAN 2e0
- Outcome
- more sensitivee0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TARIBEAN 2 was more sensitive”
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend the salt-tolerant biofortified varieties for cultivation in salt-affected regions and as donor parents.
- Taxon
- Common BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- cultivation in salt-affected regions and as donor parents in breeding programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These salt-tolerant, biofortified varieties are recommended for cultivation in salt-affected regions and as donor parents in breeding programs”
t0“Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
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