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organism_group: Green plants ✕organism_family: Poaceae ✕Organism: Zea mays ✕

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Co-culturing Aspergillus flavus with Trichoderma harzianum significantly decreased aflatoxin levels, a relative reduction of 99.3% compared with aflatoxigenic treatments alone.

Taxon
Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment
Co-culturing of A. flavus with T. harzianume0
Interactor
A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Second interactor
T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome
AFT levelse0
Direction
decreasee0
Value
99.3%e0
Comparator
aflatoxigenic treatments alonee0

Verbatim

t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55
e0

“Co-culturing of A. flavus with T. harzianum resulted in a significant decrease in AFT levels, achieving a relative reduction of 99.3% compared to aflatoxigenic treatments alone”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1309–1485

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T. harzianum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 50.1 ± 1.10 µg/kg.

Taxon
Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment
T. harzianume0
Interactor
A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Second interactor
T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome
AFT productione0
Direction
reducinge0
Value
50.1 ± 1.10e0
Qualifier
5120 ± 560 µg/kge0
Comparator
A. flavus alonee0

Verbatim

t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55
e0

“T. harzianum and T. asperellum were the most effective at lowering AFT production of the aflatoxigenic strains, reducing the 5120 ± 560 µg/kg AFT level produced by A. flavus alone to 50.1 ± 1.10 and 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kg, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1514–1743

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

T. asperellum reduced the aflatoxin level produced by A. flavus alone from 5120 ± 560 µg/kg to 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kg.

Taxon
Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment
T. asperellume0
Interactor
A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Second interactor
T. asperellumTrichoderma asperellume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome
AFT productione0
Direction
reducinge0
Value
63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kge0
Qualifier
5120 ± 560 µg/kge0
Comparator
A. flavus alonee0

Verbatim

t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55
e0

“T. harzianum and T. asperellum were the most effective at lowering AFT production of the aflatoxigenic strains, reducing the 5120 ± 560 µg/kg AFT level produced by A. flavus alone to 50.1 ± 1.10 and 63.1 ± 3.1 µg/kg, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1514–1743

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aspergillus flavus negatively affected maize germination and early growth.

Taxon
Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment
A. flavuse0
Interactor
A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome
germination and early growthe0
Direction
negatively affectede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55
e0

“A. flavus negatively affected germination and early growth, whereas T. harzianum significantly enhanced both parameters”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1745–1864

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Trichoderma harzianum significantly enhanced maize germination and early growth.

Taxon
Zea maysZea mayst0
Treatment
T. harzianume0
Interactor
T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent
Outcome
germination and early growthe0
Direction
enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0

“Zea mays”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 47–55
e0

“A. flavus negatively affected germination and early growth, whereas T. harzianum significantly enhanced both parameters”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1745–1864

Title

Trichoderma harzianum Suppresses Aflatoxins in Zea mays: A Biological Strategy for Pakistan’s Agriculture Industry

Aisha Khalid; Shazia Iram; Irum Asif; et al. Stresses 2026. doi:10.3390/stresses6020034

Other claims from this paper (4)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Manuka essential oil and its constituents were phytotoxic to cabbage, soybean and corn.

Treatment
Manuka essential oil and its constituentse0
Outcome
phytotoxice0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Manuka essential oil and its constituents were phytotoxic to cabbage, soybean, and corn, with cabbage and corn being the most and the least affected plants, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1424–1593

Title

Insecticidal activity of manuka essential oil triketones against two major lepidopteran pests

Ephantus J Muturi; Mathew A Neidmann; Victor P Ribeiro; et al. Pest Management Science 2026. doi:10.1002/ps.70493

Other claims from this paper (19)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cabbage and corn were the most and the least affected plants by manuka essential oil and its constituents, respectively.

Treatment
Manuka essential oil and its constituentse0
Outcome
the most and the least affected plantse0

Verbatim

e0

“Manuka essential oil and its constituents were phytotoxic to cabbage, soybean, and corn, with cabbage and corn being the most and the least affected plants, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1424–1593

Title

Insecticidal activity of manuka essential oil triketones against two major lepidopteran pests

Ephantus J Muturi; Mathew A Neidmann; Victor P Ribeiro; et al. Pest Management Science 2026. doi:10.1002/ps.70493

Other claims from this paper (19)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Environmental effects consistently dominated all traits of silage maize, explaining 78–91% of total variation.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Outcome
total variatione0
Value
78–91%e0
Qualifier
Environmental effectse0

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 80–85
e0

“Environmental effects consistently dominated all traits, explaining 78–91% of total variation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 625–718

Title

Genotype–Environment Interaction in Shaping the Agronomic Performance of Silage Maize Varieties Cultivated in Organic Farming Systems

Katarzyna Marcinkowska; Karolina Kolańska; Konrad Banaś; et al. Agriculture 2026. doi:10.3390/agriculture16010123

Other claims from this paper (11)
Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Genotype × environment interactions were smaller than environmental effects but significant and altered cultivar rankings.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Outcome
altered cultivar rankingse0

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 80–85
e0

“G × E interactions, though smaller, were significant and altered cultivar rankings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 726–808

Title

Genotype–Environment Interaction in Shaping the Agronomic Performance of Silage Maize Varieties Cultivated in Organic Farming Systems

Katarzyna Marcinkowska; Karolina Kolańska; Konrad Banaś; et al. Agriculture 2026. doi:10.3390/agriculture16010123

Other claims from this paper (11)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Weed infestation ranged widely across the organic environments, from below 10% to over 90%.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Outcome
Weed infestatione0
Value
from below 10% to over 90%e0

Verbatim

t0

“Maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 80–85
e0

“Weed infestation ranged widely across environments, from below 10% to over 90%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 810–888

Title

Genotype–Environment Interaction in Shaping the Agronomic Performance of Silage Maize Varieties Cultivated in Organic Farming Systems

Katarzyna Marcinkowska; Karolina Kolańska; Konrad Banaś; et al. Agriculture 2026. doi:10.3390/agriculture16010123

Other claims from this paper (11)

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