Intervention effectmodel-written summary

Foliar spray of NPs with PGPR seed priming significantly increased wheat zinc content by 53% compared with the RDF control in a pot experiment.

A claim from Biofortification and growth enhancement of wheat via bacteria-assisted iron and zinc nanoparticles · 2025

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar spray of NPs with PGPR seed priming significantly increased wheat zinc content by 53% compared with the RDF control in a pot experiment.

Treatment
A foliar spray of NPs combined with PGPR seed priminge1
Interactor
PGPRe1symbiont
Outcome
zinc contente1
Direction
significant increasee1
Value
53%e1
Comparator
RDF controle1
Setting
pot experimente1

Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageSecond interactorSecond interactor roleQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–48
e1

“A foliar spray of NPs combined with PGPR seed priming showed a significant increase in shoot length (7%) and root length (up to 14%), wheat dry biomass (up to 59%), 100-grain weight (up to 34%), iron content (27%), and zinc content (53%) versus the RDF control under a pot experiment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 994–1277

Title

Biofortification and growth enhancement of wheat via bacteria-assisted iron and zinc nanoparticles

Pradeep Kumar; Anuj Rana; Mansi Sheokand; et al. Frontiers in Nanotechnology 2025. doi:10.3389/fnano.2025.1595252

Other claims from this paper (19)

Record rev-c2710bc820ed8c8aa07327908bfea1bc1048383588c17ab3eb889f9da3005f21 · schema claims-v0.9 · position 15 in the model’s answer

seed treatment · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

27 papers: 26 positive, 1 negative or no effect

25 papers in the same direction as this claim · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
    At 90% FC without priming, grain nitrogen content was lowest at 2.22%.

    Seed priming enhances wheat yield and its crop productivity under irrigation regime · 2022

    Opposite direction

  2. positive
    Priming increased leaf potassium.

    Improving the Performance of Wheat by Seed Priming Under Saline Conditions · 2011

    Same direction

  3. positive
    Melatonin soaking reduced chromium accumulation in wheat seeds by 15%.

    Seed soaking with melatonin promotes seed germination under chromium stress via enhancing reserve mobilization and antioxidant metabolism in wheat · 2021 · compared with Cr treatment

    Same direction

  4. positive
    Zinc seed priming increased grain zinc concentration by 15%.

    Agronomic Biofortification to Improve Productivity and Grain Zn Concentration of Bread Wheat · 2025

    Same direction

  5. positive
    Seed coating with 250 mg Mn kg −1 seed gave maximum grain Mn concentration in the first experiment.

    MANGANESE NUTRITION IMPROVES THE PRODUCTIVITY AND GRAIN BIOFORTIFICATION OF BREAD WHEAT IN ALKALINE CALCAREOUS SOIL · 2017

    Same direction

  6. positive
    20 mM SA priming improved shoot Ca2+ by up to 57% under salt stress.

    Enhancing Wheat Growth and Yield through Salicylic Acid-Mediated Regulation of Gas Exchange, Antioxidant Defense, and Osmoprotection under Salt Stress · 2023

    Same direction

  7. positive
    Seed priming with SA, Kin and ascorbate significantly decreased the uptake of Na+ and Cl in wheat leaves under salinity.

    Seed priming: a shotgun approach for alleviation of salt stress in wheat. · 2013

    Same direction

  8. positive
    Soaking wheat seeds with IAA, NAA, or GA significantly increased nutrient uptake.

    Effect of Pre-soaking Seed Treatments with Plant Hormones on Wheat under Conditions, of Soil Salinity · 1982

    Same direction

18 papers more in this group

See all 27 papers →

nanoparticle · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

105 papers: 101 positive, 4 negative or no effect

100 papers in the same direction as this claim · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
    TiO2 nanoparticles did not significantly increase titanium uptake in either plant species, despite average concentrations doubling.

    Vertical transport and plant uptake of nanoparticles in a soil mesocosm experiment · 2016

    Opposite direction

  2. negative
    Arsenic oxide nanoparticles induced arsenic uptake and accumulation in wheat.

    Soil enrichment with actinomycete mitigates the toxicity of arsenic oxide nanoparticles on wheat and maize growth and metabolism · 2021

    Opposite direction

  3. negative
    Fe3O4 nanoparticles (1 and 4 mg/l) significantly reduced light absorption at 645 and 663 nm in wheat.

    Impact of Different Nanoparticles on Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants, Course, and Intensity of Photosynthesis · 2022

    Opposite direction

  4. no effect
    Nano ZnO application caused non-significant changes in soil available N, P, K, S and Zn content.

    Effect of Nano ZnO on Growth and Yield of Wheat under Salt Affected Soils · 2025

    Opposite direction

  5. positive
    Without water deficit stress, 100 mg/L ZnO NPs gave the lowest Cd in wheat.

    Foliar exposure of zinc oxide nanoparticles improved the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and decreased cadmium concentration in grains under simultaneous Cd and water deficient stress · 2020

    Same direction

  6. positive
    Nano manganese produced 22% grain manganese translocation efficiency, above salt, bulk, and control treatments.

    Effects of Manganese Nanoparticle Exposure on Nutrient Acquisition in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2018 · compared with salt-Mn

    Same direction

  7. positive
    ZnO nanoparticles increased grain Zn concentration by an average 10 mg/kg.

    Using Synchrotron-Based Approaches To Examine the Foliar Application of ZnSO4 and ZnO Nanoparticles for Field-Grown Winter Wheat · 2017

    Same direction

  8. positive
    Four ZnO nanoparticle applications increased wheat grain zinc concentration from 18 mg·kg–1 in the control to 40 mg·kg–1.

    Development of ZnO Nanoparticles as an Efficient Zn Fertilizer: Using Synchrotron-Based Techniques and Laser Ablation to Examine Elemental Distribution in Wheat Grain · 2020 · compared with control

    Same direction

96 papers more in this group

See all 105 papers →

application · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

275 papers: 257 positive, 18 negative or no effect

256 papers in the same direction as this claim · 17 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
    Foliar application led to less than 1% of fertilizer nitrogen absorbed into wheat grain.

    EFFECTS OF FOLIAR- AND SOIL-APPLIED NITROGEN AND SOIL NITRATE-NITROGEN LEVEL ON THE PROTEIN CONTENT OF NEEPAWA WHEAT · 1972

    Opposite direction

  2. no effect
    Foliar P addition did not downregulate root P uptake in wheat (isotopic dilution test of the substitution hypothesis)

    Assessment of foliar-applied phosphorus fertiliser formulations to enhance phosphorus nutrition and grain production in wheat · 2020

    Opposite direction

  3. no effect
    Zn concentration in wheat was not changed when plants were sprayed at early stem elongation.

    Effects of foliar application of zinc sulfate at different phenological stages on yield formation and grain zinc content of bread wheat (cv. Kohdasht) · 2014

    Opposite direction

  4. no effect
    Foliar N had no adverse effect on grain nitrogen/sulphur ratio in cv. Avalon.

    Recovery of 15N‐labelled urea applied to the foliage of winter wheat · 1987

    Opposite direction

  5. no effect
    Foliar P had limited effect on phytate and grain iron content.

    Response of canola, wheat, and pea to foliar phosphorus fertilization at a phosphorus-deficient site in eastern Saskatchewan · 2020

    Opposite direction

  6. no effect
    Increasing foliar potassium rate did not improve grain nutrient content.

    EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM ON YIELD AND MINERAL CONTENT OF WHEAT GRAINS GROWN IN SANDY SOILS · 1999

    Opposite direction

  7. no effect
    Mendok sprays did not cause male or female gamete sterility in wheat.

    Increase in Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. variety ‘N.P. 718’) · 1969

    Opposite direction

  8. negative
    T1 increased Pb concentration in wheat leaves relative to CK.

    Stomata as the Main Pathway for the Penetration of Atmospheric Particulate Matter Pb into Wheat Leaves · 2025 · compared with control group (CK)

    Opposite direction

266 papers more in this group

See all 275 papers →

3 of 4 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.