Abstract
Copper is an essential element for plants, animals and people in small, but absolutely necessary quantities. Defi ciency of this element in the diet causes many health problems at animals and people. The content of Cu in wheat grain in Poland has decreased by about 20% over the past 30 years, which adversely affects its nutritional value. The aim of the study was to examine the possibility of increasing the copper content in winter wheat grain by foliar application of this element. In 2003–2006, six oneyear fi eld trials were conducted with copper foliar fertilization of 10 varieties of winter wheat. Spraying with copper sulfate at a dose of 305 g ha was performed in spring in full tillering stage. The average density of copper in the grain was at a very low level of 2,4–2,6 mg kg. Such a content is not enough in terms of nutritional needs of livestock. Single copper spray did not cause a statistically signifi cant increase in the content of this element in the grain of any of the tested varieties. At the same time, varieties that reacted with the highest, approximately a 20% increase in yield to the application of copper, showed a 11–12% decrease in Cu content of grain. This decline was most likely the dilution effect. key words: wheat, copper content, foliar application, dilution effect
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain Cu content in Poland fell about 20% over 30 years.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- content of Cu in wheat graine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- about 20%e0
- Setting
- Polande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of Cu in wheat grain in Poland has decreased by about 20% over the past 30 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Average winter wheat grain copper concentration was 2,4–2,6 mg kg.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- density of copper in the graine0
- Value
- 2,4–2,6 mg kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average density of copper in the grain was at a very low level of 2,4–2,6 mg kg.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
A single copper spray produced no statistically significant increase in grain copper content in any tested variety.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Single copper spraye0
- Outcome
- content of this element in the graine0
- Direction
- did not cause a statistically signifi cant increasee0
- Qualifier
- any of the tested varietiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single copper spray did not cause a statistically signifi cant increase in the content of this element in the grain of any of the tested varieties.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Varieties with the highest yield response to copper had approximately 20% higher yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of coppere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- approximately a 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“varieties that reacted with the highest, approximately a 20% increase in yield to the application of copper”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Those high yield response varieties had an 11–12% decrease in grain Cu content.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of coppere0
- Outcome
- Cu content of graine0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 11–12%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“varieties that reacted with the highest, approximately a 20% increase in yield to the application of copper, showed a 11–12% decrease in Cu content of grain.”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the grain Cu decrease most likely to dilution.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- decrease in Cu content of graine1
- Qualifier
- dilution effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This decline was most likely the dilution effect.”
e1“decrease in Cu content of grain”
t0“winter wheat”
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