Abstract
1. Excised corn root tips grown in a liquid medium (solution C) composed of calcium nitrate, magnesium sulphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferric chloride, and dextrose showed limited growth and sometimes became abnormal. Similar results were secured in a modified Pfeffer's solution containing dextrose. 2. The amount of growth in solution C varied with the brand of dextrose used, even when the dextrose was of high purity. 3. The substitution of levulose, cane sugar, xylose, or maltose for dextrose in solution C was of no benefit; in fact, the growth with xylose and maltose was very poor. 4. Growth was improved by the addition to solution C of Difco agar, water extracts of agar, qualitative filter paper, water extracts of qualitative filter paper, soluble starch, autolyzed or dried brewers' yeast, or a mixture of salts of manganese, boron, and zinc. 5. The best results were secured by the add tion of qualitative filter paper in the proportion of one half sheet, 9 cm. in diameter, to 30 cc. of medium. 6. Exposure of excised root tips originally 1 cm. long for 24 or 48 hours on the surface of a semi-solid agar medium or on moist qualitative filter paper markedly favored their later growth in solution C. 7. Exposure of excised root tips in a moist atmosphere or washing them in redistilled water before cultivation in solution C was not beneficial. 8. Recutting excised roots after pretreatment on filter paper did not affect their later growth in solution C. 9. Increased aeration of the root tips in the liquid medium increased the growth and delayed the occurrence of abnormalities. The results were not so favorable as those secured by the addition of agar or of filter paper to the medium. 10. Reducing the acidity of the solution, increasing its salt concentration, substituting ferric tartrate or ferric citrate for ferric chloride, adding quantitative filter paper, absorbent cotton, copper sulphate, thallium nitrate, glutathione, or vitamin B to the medium were not beneficial. 11. The addition of pantothenic acid was in some cases beneficial. 12. Pfeffer's solution, Uspenski's solution, and the solution used by White for the cultivation of excised tomato roots were no more effective than solution C. 13. The maximum growth of individual excised corn root tips 1 mm. long was 61.2 cm., or 0.9 cm. per 24 hours; of root tips 2 mm. long was 85.0 cm., or 1.4 cm. per 24 hours; of root tips 10 mm. long was 98.2 cm., or 2.4 cm. per 24 hours. 14. It is thought that the poor growth in solution C and similar solutions is the result of a deficiency in the solution, a part of which at least is inorganic.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Excised corn root tips in solution C showed limited growth and occasional abnormalities.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Outcome
- limited growth and sometimes became abnormale0
- Setting
- liquid mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excised corn root tips grown in a liquid medium (solution C) composed of calcium nitrate, magnesium sulphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferric chloride, and dextrose showed limited growth and sometimes became abnormal”
Claim · model-written summary
Modified Pfeffer solution produced similar limited growth and abnormalities.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- Root Tipst0
- Outcome
- Similar resultse0
- Setting
- modified Pfeffer's solution containing dextrosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“Similar results were secured in a modified Pfeffer's solution containing dextrose”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth in solution C varied with dextrose brand.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- brand of dextrosee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“The amount of growth in solution C varied with the brand of dextrose used, even when the dextrose was of high purity”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituting levulose or cane sugar for dextrose did not improve growth.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- levulose, cane sugare0
- Outcome
- benefite0
- Direction
- no benefite0
- Comparator
- dextrosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“The substitution of levulose, cane sugar, xylose, or maltose for dextrose in solution C was of no benefit”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth with xylose was very poor.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- xylosee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- very poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“growth with xylose and maltose was very poor”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth with maltose was very poor.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- maltosee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- very poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“growth with xylose and maltose was very poor”
Claim · model-written summary
Agar, filter paper, starch, yeast, or manganese, boron and zinc salts improved growth.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Difco agar, water extracts of agar, qualitative filter paper, water extracts of qualitative filter paper, soluble starch, autolyzed or dried brewers' yeast, or a mixture of salts of manganese, boron, and zince0
- Outcome
- Growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- solution Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“Growth was improved by the addition to solution C of Difco agar, water extracts of agar, qualitative filter paper, water extracts of qualitative filter paper, soluble starch, autolyzed or dried brewers' yeast, or a mixture of salts of manganese, boron, and zinc”
Claim · model-written summary
Qualitative filter paper at one half sheet per 30 cc gave the best growth results.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- qualitative filter papere0
- Outcome
- best resultse0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- one half sheet, 9 cm. in diameter, to 30 cc. of mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“The best results were secured by the add tion of qualitative filter paper in the proportion of one half sheet, 9 cm. in diameter, to 30 cc. of medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment on agar or moist filter paper favored later growth in solution C.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- semi-solid agar medium or on moist qualitative filter papere0
- Outcome
- later growthe0
- Direction
- markedly favorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“Exposure of excised root tips originally 1 cm. long for 24 or 48 hours on the surface of a semi-solid agar medium or on moist qualitative filter paper markedly favored their later growth in solution C”
Claim · model-written summary
Moist-atmosphere exposure or washing in redistilled water did not benefit later growth.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- moist atmosphere or washing them in redistilled watere0
- Outcome
- beneficiale0
- Direction
- not beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“Exposure of excised root tips in a moist atmosphere or washing them in redistilled water before cultivation in solution C was not beneficial”
Claim · model-written summary
Recutting roots after filter-paper pretreatment did not change subsequent growth.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Recutting excised rootse0
- Outcome
- later growthe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“Recutting excised roots after pretreatment on filter paper did not affect their later growth in solution C”
Claim · model-written summary
More aeration increased growth and delayed abnormalities, though less than agar or filter paper.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Increased aeratione0
- Outcome
- growth and delayed the occurrence of abnormalitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- addition of agar or of filter papere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“Increased aeration of the root tips in the liquid medium increased the growth and delayed the occurrence of abnormalities. The results were not so favorable as those secured by the addition of agar or of filter paper to the medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Changing acidity, salt and iron sources, or adding several tested supplements was not beneficial.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Reducing the acidity of the solution, increasing its salt concentration, substituting ferric tartrate or ferric citrate for ferric chloride, adding quantitative filter paper, absorbent cotton, copper sulphate, thallium nitrate, glutathione, or vitamin Be0
- Outcome
- beneficiale0
- Direction
- not beneficiale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“Reducing the acidity of the solution, increasing its salt concentration, substituting ferric tartrate or ferric citrate for ferric chloride, adding quantitative filter paper, absorbent cotton, copper sulphate, thallium nitrate, glutathione, or vitamin B to the medium were not beneficial”
Claim · model-written summary
Pantothenic acid sometimes benefited growth.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- pantothenic acide0
- Outcome
- beneficiale0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
- Qualifier
- in some casese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“The addition of pantothenic acid was in some cases beneficial”
Claim · model-written summary
Other named culture solutions were no more effective than solution C.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Pfeffer's solution, Uspenski's solution, and the solution used by White for the cultivation of excised tomato rootse0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- no more effectivee0
- Comparator
- solution Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“Pfeffer's solution, Uspenski's solution, and the solution used by White for the cultivation of excised tomato roots were no more effective than solution C”
Claim · model-written summary
One-millimeter root tips reached 61.2 cm maximum growth, 0.9 cm per day.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Outcome
- maximum growthe0
- Value
- 61.2 cm.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum growth of individual excised corn root tips 1 mm. long was 61.2 cm., or 0.9 cm. per 24 hours”
Claim · model-written summary
Two-millimeter root tips reached 85.0 cm maximum growth, 1.4 cm per day.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Outcome
- root tips 2 mm. longe0
- Value
- 85.0 cm.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“root tips 2 mm. long was 85.0 cm., or 1.4 cm. per 24 hours”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten-millimeter root tips reached 98.2 cm maximum growth, 2.4 cm per day.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Outcome
- root tips 10 mm. longe0
- Value
- 98.2 cm.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“root tips 10 mm. long was 98.2 cm., or 2.4 cm. per 24 hours”
Claim · model-written summary
Poor growth in solution C was attributed partly to inorganic deficiency.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- poor growthe0
- Qualifier
- a deficiency in the solution, a part of which at least is inorganice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Corn Root Tips”
e0“the poor growth in solution C and similar solutions is the result of a deficiency in the solution, a part of which at least is inorganic”
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