Abstract
ABSTRACT The effect of varying hydrogel (0, 0.5, and 1.0% w/w) supply on some agro-physiological properties, such as dry matter, nutrient contents, chlorophyll contents, proline content, and ionic balance of bean plants in different salt sources and stress due to doses were investigated. Plants were treated with eight salt sources [sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)] and four concentrations (0, 30, 60, and 120 mM doses) for 60 days in a growth media. Salt type, doses, and hydrogel (HG) affected the soil electrical conductivity. Soil salinity affected the parameters considered, and changed the nutrient balance of plants. High salt concentration caused substantial reduction in plant growth. Different salt concentrations negatively affected plant dry weight. The highest decrease of plant root dry weight was obtained with NaCl application followed by Na2SO4, CaCl2, CaSO4, MgCl2, MgSO4, KCl, and K2SO4, and similarly NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2, CaSO4, KCl, K2SO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4 in root dry weight. Total chlorophyll and nitrate contents of plants decreased with increasing salt doses, and the lowest value was obtained for NaCl application. Proline contents of plants were increased with increasing salt doses, and the highest value was obtained with the NaCl application. The effects of salt concentrations in nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) content of plants were significant. The presence of salt in the growth medium induced an important decrease the macro nutrient of the root and shoot part of plant such as N, P, K, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) content, but the N and P content of root and shoot part of the plant were increased with increasing of the HG application doses. The highest N and P increases were obtained with the 1.0 HG application for all salt types for both the root and shoots of plants. The HG added to saline soil significantly improved the variables affected by high salinity and also increased plant N and P, reduced soil electricity conductivity, nitrate, proline, and electrolyte leakage of plants, enhanced plant root and shoot dry weight by allowing nutrients and water to release to the plant as needed. The results suggested that HG has great potential for use in alleviating salinity stress on plant growth and growth parameters in saline soils of arid and semi-arid areas. This HG appears to be highly effective for use as a soil conditioner in vegetable growing, to improve crop tolerance and growth in saline conditions. It is intended to confirm the results of these studies by field trials.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
High salt concentration caused a substantial reduction in bean plant growth.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“High salt concentration caused substantial reduction in plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll and nitrate contents of bean plants decreased with increasing salt doses.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- increasing salt dosese0
- Outcome
- Total chlorophyll and nitrate contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“Total chlorophyll and nitrate contents of plants decreased with increasing salt doses”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline contents of bean plants increased with increasing salt doses.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“Proline contents of plants were increased with increasing salt doses”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest decrease of bean plant root dry weight was obtained with NaCl application among the salt sources.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“The highest decrease of plant root dry weight was obtained with NaCl application”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt in the growth medium decreased the macronutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) of bean root and shoot.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- salt in the growth mediume0
- Outcome
- macro nutrient of the root and shoot part of plant such as N, P, K, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) contente0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“The presence of salt in the growth medium induced an important decrease the macro nutrient of the root and shoot part of plant such as N, P, K, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) content”
Claim · model-written summary
N and P contents of bean root and shoot increased with increasing hydrogel application doses.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- HG application dosese0
- Outcome
- N and P content of root and shoot parte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“the N and P content of root and shoot part of the plant were increased with increasing of the HG application doses”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest N and P increases in bean roots and shoots were obtained with the 1.0 HG application for all salt types.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“The highest N and P increases were obtained with the 1.0 HG application for all salt types for both the root and shoots of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel added to saline soil significantly improved the variables affected by high salinity in bean.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- The HG added to saline soile0
- Outcome
- variables affected by high salinitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“The HG added to saline soil significantly improved the variables affected by high salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel added to saline soil reduced soil electrical conductivity.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- The HG added to saline soile0
- Outcome
- soil electricity conductivitye1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“The HG added to saline soil”
e1“reduced soil electricity conductivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel added to saline soil reduced nitrate, proline and electrolyte leakage of bean plants.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- The HG added to saline soile0
- Outcome
- nitrate, proline, and electrolyte leakage of plantse1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“The HG added to saline soil”
e1“reduced soil electricity conductivity, nitrate, proline, and electrolyte leakage of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel added to saline soil enhanced bean root and shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- The HG added to saline soile0
- Outcome
- plant root and shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“The HG added to saline soil”
e1“enhanced plant root and shoot dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt type, doses and hydrogel affected soil electrical conductivity.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“Salt type, doses, and hydrogel (HG) affected the soil electrical conductivity”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of salt concentrations on N, K and P content of bean plants were significant.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- salt concentrationse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“The effects of salt concentrations in nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) content of plants were significant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude hydrogel appears highly effective as a soil conditioner in vegetable growing to improve crop tolerance and growth in saline conditions.
Verbatim
t0“Bean”
e0“This HG appears to be highly effective for use as a soil conditioner in vegetable growing, to improve crop tolerance and growth in saline conditions”
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