Abstract
Field experiments were conducted on a sandy loam soil in 2002-03 and 2003-04 growing seasons to determine the effect of nitrogen nutrition on growth, yield and water use efficiency of wheat under adequate and limited water supply conditions. The treatments comprised of four levels of irrigation (I one irrigation at tillering stage; 12, two irrigations, each at tillering and anthesis stages; 13, three irrigations, each at tillering, anthesis and grain development stages and 14, four irrigations, each at tillering, stem elongation, anthesis and grain development stages) in main plots and four N levels (0, 50,100 and 150 kg N ha) in sub-plots of a split plot design and were replicated three times. Increase in number of irrigations from 1 to 4 and nitrogen levels from 0 to 150 kg N ha', significantly (p s 0.05) increased the average leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), yield attributes, and grain yield over the control (10 and No), in both the seasons. The maximum LAI and CGR were commensurate with highest levels of irrigation as well as nitrogen observed on an average during the 73-88 days after sowing (DAS) period of growth. The regression analysis revealed that LAI estimates with biological yield were 92% and 38% during the year 2002-03 and 2003-04, respectively. Mean grain yield in four, three and two irrigation treatments compared with that in one irrigation treatment increased by 47,23 and 9 % during 2002-03 and by 91,84 and 23 % in 2003-04, respectively. Water deficit reduced spikes m·. In both years, the average reduction in spikes m· 2 at maximum irrigation deficit (one irrigation) at all N levels was 24%. Similar reduction occurred in grains spike where water deficit decreased this component on an average of 36 %. Mean water use efficiency (WUE) at all nitrogen levels was 41% higher in one irrigation treatment compared with four irrigations treatment. Significantly higher WUE was observed with 150 kg N ha' at all irrigation treatments. The water use efficiency (WUE). decreased with increasing number of irrigations, whereas nitrogen application significantly improved WUE.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation and nitrogen significantly increased leaf area index, growth rate, yield attributes and grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- number of irrigations from 1 to 4 and nitrogen levels from 0 to 150 kg N ha'e0
- Outcome
- average leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), yield attributes, and grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control (10 and No)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in number of irrigations from 1 to 4 and nitrogen levels from 0 to 150 kg N ha', significantly (p s 0.05) increased the average leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), yield attributes, and grain yield over the control (10 and No), in both the seasons.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum LAI and growth rate occurred with the highest irrigation and nitrogen levels at 73–88 days.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- highest levels of irrigation as well as nitrogene0
- Outcome
- LAI and CGRe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Qualifier
- 73-88 days after sowing (DAS)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum LAI and CGR were commensurate with highest levels of irrigation as well as nitrogen observed on an average during the 73-88 days after sowing (DAS) period of growth.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
LAI estimates with biological yield were 92% in 2002–03.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- LAI estimates with biological yielde0
- Value
- 92%e0
- Setting
- 2002-03e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The regression analysis revealed that LAI estimates with biological yield were 92% and 38% during the year 2002-03 and 2003-04, respectively.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
LAI estimates with biological yield were 38% in 2003–04.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- LAI estimates with biological yielde0
- Value
- 38%e0
- Setting
- 2003-04e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The regression analysis revealed that LAI estimates with biological yield were 92% and 38% during the year 2002-03 and 2003-04, respectively.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Four irrigations raised mean grain yield 47% in 2002–03 versus one irrigation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foure0
- Outcome
- Mean grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47,23 and 9 %e0
- Comparator
- one irrigation treatmente0
- Setting
- 2002-03e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean grain yield in four, three and two irrigation treatments compared with that in one irrigation treatment increased by 47,23 and 9 % during 2002-03 and by 91,84 and 23 % in 2003-04, respectively.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three irrigations raised mean grain yield 23% in 2002–03.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- threee0
- Outcome
- Mean grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47,23 and 9 %e0
- Comparator
- one irrigation treatmente0
- Setting
- 2002-03e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean grain yield in four, three and two irrigation treatments compared with that in one irrigation treatment increased by 47,23 and 9 % during 2002-03 and by 91,84 and 23 % in 2003-04, respectively.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two irrigations raised mean grain yield 9% in 2002–03.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Mean grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47,23 and 9 %e0
- Comparator
- one irrigation treatmente0
- Setting
- 2002-03e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean grain yield in four, three and two irrigation treatments compared with that in one irrigation treatment increased by 47,23 and 9 % during 2002-03 and by 91,84 and 23 % in 2003-04, respectively.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Four irrigations raised mean grain yield 91% in 2003–04.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foure0
- Outcome
- Mean grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 91,84 and 23 %e0
- Comparator
- one irrigation treatmente0
- Setting
- 2003-04e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean grain yield in four, three and two irrigation treatments compared with that in one irrigation treatment increased by 47,23 and 9 % during 2002-03 and by 91,84 and 23 % in 2003-04, respectively.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three irrigations raised mean grain yield 84% in 2003–04.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- threee0
- Outcome
- Mean grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 91,84 and 23 %e0
- Comparator
- one irrigation treatmente0
- Setting
- 2003-04e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean grain yield in four, three and two irrigation treatments compared with that in one irrigation treatment increased by 47,23 and 9 % during 2002-03 and by 91,84 and 23 % in 2003-04, respectively.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two irrigations raised mean grain yield 23% in 2003–04.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two irrigation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Mean grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 91,84 and 23 %e0
- Comparator
- one irrigation treatmente0
- Setting
- 2003-04e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean grain yield in four, three and two irrigation treatments compared with that in one irrigation treatment increased by 47,23 and 9 % during 2002-03 and by 91,84 and 23 % in 2003-04, respectively.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced spikes per area by an average 24%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- maximum irrigation deficit (one irrigation)e0
- Outcome
- spikes m· 2e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both years, the average reduction in spikes m· 2 at maximum irrigation deficit (one irrigation) at all N levels was 24%.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit reduced grains per spike by an average 36%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Outcome
- grains spikee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 36 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar reduction occurred in grains spike where water deficit decreased this component on an average of 36 %.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency was 41% higher under one irrigation than four.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- one irrigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 41%e0
- Comparator
- four irrigations treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean water use efficiency (WUE) at all nitrogen levels was 41% higher in one irrigation treatment compared with four irrigations treatment.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At all irrigation levels, 150 kg nitrogen gave significantly higher water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 150 kg N ha'e0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher WUE was observed with 150 kg N ha' at all irrigation treatments.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency decreased as irrigation number increased.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing number of irrigationse0
- Outcome
- water use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water use efficiency (WUE). decreased with increasing number of irrigations, whereas nitrogen application significantly improved WUE.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application significantly improved water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water use efficiency (WUE). decreased with increasing number of irrigations, whereas nitrogen application significantly improved WUE.”
t0“WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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