Abstract
The Permanent Manurial Experiment (PME) of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore was started in the year 1909 and continuously being maintained in order to investigate the effect of continuous NPK fertilization either singly or in combination of two or more with or without organic manures on yield and nutrient uptake by crops. Since 2008 maize- sunflower cropping sequence is being followed under irrigated conditions. The treatment consists of 18 treatments as non replicated plots with plot size of 100 m2. The results obtained in experimental crops of 2011 and 2012 revealed that continuous application of 100 % recommended dose of N,P2O5 and K2 O along with farm yard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 (INM practice) recorded the highest grain yield of 9179 kg ha-1 in maize and seed yield of 1461 kg ha-1 in sunflower. The highest stover yield in maize was recorded in application of FYM on nitrogen equivalent basis followed by application of poultry manure on nitrogen equivalent basis and INM practice whereas INM practice recorded the highest stalk yield in sunflower. However total uptake of NPK by both the crops was found to be high in INM practice. When compared to balanced NPK fertilization, skipping of any one or two of fertilizer nutrients reduced the yield and nutrient uptake remarkably. Continuous application of organic manure alone also not produced marked increase in yield and uptake as well as imbalanced fertilization. Organic carbon, available nitrogen and potassium status was also recorded high in INM practice for both the crops. In case of available phosphorus, higher P recorded in INM practice and the highest P recorded in the treatment that receiving application of poultry manure on nitrogen equivalent basis irrespective of the crops.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated NPK and manure gave maize grain yield of 9179 kg ha-1.
- Treatment
- 100 % recommended dose of N,P2O5 and K2 O along with farm yard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9179 kg ha-1e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous application of 100 % recommended dose of N,P2O5 and K2 O along with farm yard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 (INM practice) recorded the highest grain yield of 9179 kg ha-1 in maize”
t0“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
t1“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated NPK and manure gave sunflower seed yield of 1461 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- 100 % recommended dose of N,P2O5 and K2 O along with farm yard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1461 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“continuous application of 100 % recommended dose of N,P2O5 and K2 O along with farm yard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 (INM practice) recorded the highest grain yield of 9179 kg ha-1 in maize and seed yield of 1461 kg ha-1 in sunflower”
t0“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
t1“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM on an N equivalent basis gave the highest maize stover yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest stover yield in maize was recorded in application of FYM on nitrogen equivalent basis”
t0“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
t1“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management gave the highest sunflower stalk yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- INM practicee0
- Outcome
- stalk yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“INM practice recorded the highest stalk yield in sunflower”
t0“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
t1“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management increased maize total NPK uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total uptake of NPK by both the crops was found to be high in INM practice”
t0“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
t1“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management increased sunflower total NPK uptake.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- INM practicee0
- Outcome
- total uptake of NPKe0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total uptake of NPK by both the crops was found to be high in INM practice”
t0“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
t1“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Skipping fertilizer nutrients reduced crop yield relative to balanced NPK.
- Treatment
- skipping of any one or two of fertilizer nutrientse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- balanced NPK fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to balanced NPK fertilization, skipping of any one or two of fertilizer nutrients reduced the yield and nutrient uptake remarkably”
t0“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
t1“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Skipping fertilizer nutrients reduced nutrient uptake relative to balanced NPK.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- skipping of any one or two of fertilizer nutrientse0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- balanced NPK fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to balanced NPK fertilization, skipping of any one or two of fertilizer nutrients reduced the yield and nutrient uptake remarkably”
t0“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
t1“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manure alone did not markedly increase yield or uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Continuous application of organic manure alone also not produced marked increase in yield and uptake as well as imbalanced fertilization”
t0“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
t1“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
INM had high soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, and potassium.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic carbon, available nitrogen and potassium status was also recorded high in INM practice for both the crops”
t0“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
t1“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure had the highest available phosphorus.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- poultry manure on nitrogen equivalent basise0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest P recorded in the treatment that receiving application of poultry manure on nitrogen equivalent basis irrespective of the crops”
t0“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
t1“Effect of Continuous Fertilization on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize and Sunflower in Red Calcareous Soil (Typic Haplustalf) under Permanent Manurial Experiment”
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