Abstract
Salinity stress poses a significant threat to crop productivity, particularly in coastal regions such as the Sundarbans Delta in India. This study investigates the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), specifically Glomus mosseae , in mitigating salinity-induced stress in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.). Six high-yielding desi-type chickpea lines, including one tolerant (Digbijoy), three moderately susceptible (IC 268971, Radhey, Mahamaya 1), and two highly susceptible (Virat, DCP 93-3), were selected for evaluation under controlled greenhouse and field conditions. Salinity stress was induced at 300 mM NaCl in pot experiments, while field trials were conducted in naturally saline soil. Results indicated that salinity significantly reduced key agro-morphological parameters, including seedling length, nodules plant −1 , leaf area index, plant height, branches, pods plant −1 , pod length, seeds pod −1 , 100-seed weight, and seed yield plant −1 . However, AMF inoculation mitigated these adverse effects, improving seedling emergence by 45%, plant height by 52%, pod number by 95%, and seed yield by 48% in field conditions. Additionally, AMF inoculation under salinity increased spore population by 535% and structural colonization (mycelium by 181% and arbuscules by 204%). Biochemical traits such as total phenolic content, relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll levels improved significantly in AMF-treated plants compared to those under saline conditions alone. The observed improvements ultimately led to a notable enhancement in grain yield, demonstrating the efficacy of Glomus mosseae in alleviating the adverse effects of salinity stress in chickpea. These results emphasize the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as a viable, environmentally friendly solution to boost chickpea production under saline conditions, presenting a valuable tool for promoting climate-resilient farming in salt-affected areas.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced seedling length, nodules per plant, and leaf area index.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- seedling length, nodules plant −1 , leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity significantly reduced key agro-morphological parameters, including seedling length, nodules plant −1 , leaf area index, plant height, branches, pods plant −1 , pod length, seeds pod −1 , 100-seed weight, and seed yield plant −1”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced plant height, branches, and pods per plant.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- plant height, branches, pods plant −1e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity significantly reduced key agro-morphological parameters, including seedling length, nodules plant −1 , leaf area index, plant height, branches, pods plant −1 , pod length, seeds pod −1 , 100-seed weight, and seed yield plant −1”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced pod length, seeds per pod, and 100-seed weight.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- pod length, seeds pod −1 , 100-seed weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity significantly reduced key agro-morphological parameters, including seedling length, nodules plant −1 , leaf area index, plant height, branches, pods plant −1 , pod length, seeds pod −1 , 100-seed weight, and seed yield plant −1”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced seed yield per plant.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- seed yield plant −1e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity significantly reduced key agro-morphological parameters, including seedling length, nodules plant −1 , leaf area index, plant height, branches, pods plant −1 , pod length, seeds pod −1 , 100-seed weight, and seed yield plant −1”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation improved seedling emergence by 45% under field conditions.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation mitigated these adverse effects, improving seedling emergence by 45%, plant height by 52%, pod number by 95%, and seed yield by 48% in field conditions”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation improved plant height by 52% under field conditions.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 52%e0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation mitigated these adverse effects, improving seedling emergence by 45%, plant height by 52%, pod number by 95%, and seed yield by 48% in field conditions”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation improved pod number by 95% under field conditions.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- pod numbere0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation mitigated these adverse effects, improving seedling emergence by 45%, plant height by 52%, pod number by 95%, and seed yield by 48% in field conditions”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation improved seed yield by 48% under field conditions.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Value
- 48%e0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation mitigated these adverse effects, improving seedling emergence by 45%, plant height by 52%, pod number by 95%, and seed yield by 48% in field conditions”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation under salinity increased spore population by 535%.
- Taxon
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaet0 - Treatment
- AMF inoculation under salinitye0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- spore populatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 535%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation under salinity increased spore population by 535% and structural colonization (mycelium by 181% and arbuscules by 204%)”
t0“Glomus mosseae”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation under salinity increased mycelial colonization by 181%.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculation under salinitye0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- myceliume0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 181%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation under salinity increased spore population by 535% and structural colonization (mycelium by 181% and arbuscules by 204%)”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation under salinity increased arbuscule colonization by 204%.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculation under salinitye0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- arbusculese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 204%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation under salinity increased spore population by 535% and structural colonization (mycelium by 181% and arbuscules by 204%)”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF treatment significantly improved total phenolic content, relative water content, and membrane stability under salinity.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- AMF-treatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total phenolic content, relative water content, membrane stability indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- those under saline conditions alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochemical traits such as total phenolic content, relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll levels improved significantly in AMF-treated plants compared to those under saline conditions alone.”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF treatment significantly improved chlorophyll levels under salinity.
- Taxon
- chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- AMF-treatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll levelse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- those under saline conditions alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochemical traits such as total phenolic content, relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll levels improved significantly in AMF-treated plants compared to those under saline conditions alone.”
t0“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
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See all 28 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.