Abstract
Madhya Pradesh boasts the highest production and consumption of pulses in India, with chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) being one of the most important winter season legumes for nutrition and soil health. Despite the importance of chickpea cultivation, especially in the rainfed regions, there are challenges such as water scarcity and low nutrient use efficiency. This study determined the impacts of hydrogel application along with foliar nutrition on the growth, yield, and economic benefits of chickpea cultivation in rainfed conditions of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh in the 2023-24 rabi season. It utilized a split-plot design with two levels of hydrogel application (0 and 5 kg ha⁻¹) and three levels of nutrition (water, 2% urea, 500 ppm thiourea). Growth, yield, and economic parameters were collected and analyzed. Findings revealed that the application of hydrogel improved early growth traits, root nodule development, and dry matter yield. Moreover, foliar urea improved height, branching, and yield components. Though yields were not significantly different with hydrogel application, 1111.77 kg ha⁻¹ of grain yield and economic returns were highest with 2% urea. Use of hydrogel and foliar nutrition enhanced the physiological efficiency and performance of the crop under rainfed conditions. Therefore, urea foliar application, together with hydrogel soil amendment, is proposed as a strategy to enhance chickpea productivity and profitability in water-scarce regions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel improved early growth traits of chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- hydrogele0
- Outcome
- early growth traitse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of hydrogel improved early growth traits, root nodule development, and dry matter yield”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel improved chickpea root nodule development.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- hydrogele0
- Outcome
- root nodule developmente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of hydrogel improved early growth traits, root nodule development, and dry matter yield”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel improved chickpea dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- hydrogele0
- Outcome
- dry matter yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of hydrogel improved early growth traits, root nodule development, and dry matter yield”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea improved chickpea height and branching.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- foliar ureae0
- Outcome
- height, branchinge0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar urea improved height, branching, and yield components”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar urea improved chickpea yield components.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- foliar ureae0
- Outcome
- yield componentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar urea improved height, branching, and yield components”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel did not produce a statistically significant yield difference.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- hydrogel applicatione0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields were not significantly different with hydrogel application”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was highest with 2% urea at 1111.77 kg ha⁻¹.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 2% ureae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1111.77 kg ha⁻¹e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1111.77 kg ha⁻¹ of grain yield and economic returns were highest with 2% urea”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic returns were highest with 2% urea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- 2% ureae0
- Outcome
- economic returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield and economic returns were highest with 2% urea”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel and foliar nutrition enhanced crop physiological efficiency and performance under rainfed conditions.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- hydrogel and foliar nutritione0
- Outcome
- physiological efficiency and performancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Setting
- rainfed conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of hydrogel and foliar nutrition enhanced the physiological efficiency and performance of the crop under rainfed conditions”
t0“chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose foliar urea with hydrogel amendment to improve chickpea productivity and profitability in water-scarce regions.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- urea foliar application, together with hydrogel soil amendmente0
- Outcome
- enhance chickpea productivity and profitabilitye0
- Setting
- water-scarce regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“urea foliar application, together with hydrogel soil amendment, is proposed as a strategy to enhance chickpea productivity and profitability in water-scarce regions”
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