Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress in agricultural soils poses a significant threat to wheat production, food safety, and human health. Wheat productivity is severely hampered by Cd toxicity; however, to overcome this problem silicon (Si) fertilization has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate heavy metal toxicity in plants; in this study, we compare the efficacy of natural and synthetic Si fertilization sources in modulating wheat growth, Cd accumulation, and antioxidant responses under Cd-contaminated soil. The Si was used as Ca silicate at 75 kg ha-1 (synthetic Si source), and the rice husk at 150 kg ha-1 (natural Si source) with and without humic acid (10 mg kg-1 of soil) in comparison to control (Cd stress). Both Si sources were found to significantly boost the growth and yield attributes of wheat, while Cd stress significantly increased the electrolyte leakage that triggered oxidative stress. However, both Si sources decrease the oxidative stress and increase the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities. Si fertilization also inhibited the uptake of Cd from roots and its translocation to shoots and grains of wheat plant. In comparison, the synthetic Si fertilization was more effective than natural Si fertilization as it produced highest increase in plant height (21.40%), grain yield (25.21%), and reduced Cd concentration in root (42.60%) and shoot (59.71%) than control (Cd stress). Conclusively, Si fertilization (preferably Ca silicate at 75 kg ha-1) alleviates the opposing impact of Cd on wheat growth by strengthening the antioxidant defense system, decreasing the Cd uptake and its translocation to humans.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Both silicon sources significantly increased wheat growth and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Both Si sourcese0
- Outcome
- growth and yield attributese0
- Direction
- booste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both Si sources were found to significantly boost the growth and yield attributes of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress significantly increased electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd stress significantly increased the electrolyte leakage that triggered oxidative stress.”
e1“of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both silicon sources reduced oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- both Si sourcese0
- Outcome
- oxidative stresse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Si sources decrease the oxidative stress and increase the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities.”
e1“of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Both silicon sources raised superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- both Si sourcese0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Si sources decrease the oxidative stress and increase the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities.”
e1“of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon fertilization inhibited cadmium uptake by roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Si fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- uptake of Cd from rootse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si fertilization also inhibited the uptake of Cd from roots and its translocation to shoots and grains of wheat plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon fertilization inhibited cadmium translocation to shoots and grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Si fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- translocation to shoots and grainse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si fertilization also inhibited the uptake of Cd from roots and its translocation to shoots and grains of wheat plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic silicon increased plant height by 21.40% over cadmium-stressed control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- synthetic Si fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 21.40%e0
- Comparator
- control (Cd stress)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“synthetic Si fertilization was more effective than natural Si fertilization as it produced highest increase in plant height (21.40%), grain yield (25.21%), and reduced Cd concentration in root (42.60%) and shoot (59.71%) than control (Cd stress).”
e1“of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic silicon increased grain yield by 25.21% over cadmium-stressed control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- synthetic Si fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 25.21%e0
- Comparator
- control (Cd stress)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“synthetic Si fertilization was more effective than natural Si fertilization as it produced highest increase in plant height (21.40%), grain yield (25.21%), and reduced Cd concentration in root (42.60%) and shoot (59.71%) than control (Cd stress).”
e1“of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic silicon reduced root cadmium concentration by 42.60%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- synthetic Si fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 42.60%e0
- Comparator
- control (Cd stress)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“synthetic Si fertilization was more effective than natural Si fertilization as it produced highest increase in plant height (21.40%), grain yield (25.21%), and reduced Cd concentration in root (42.60%) and shoot (59.71%) than control (Cd stress).”
e1“of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic silicon reduced shoot cadmium concentration by 59.71%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- synthetic Si fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- shoote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 59.71%e0
- Comparator
- control (Cd stress)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“synthetic Si fertilization was more effective than natural Si fertilization as it produced highest increase in plant height (21.40%), grain yield (25.21%), and reduced Cd concentration in root (42.60%) and shoot (59.71%) than control (Cd stress).”
e1“of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors prefer Ca silicate at 75 kg ha-1 for alleviating wheat cadmium impacts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- preferably Ca silicate at 75 kg ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si fertilization (preferably Ca silicate at 75 kg ha-1) alleviates the opposing impact of Cd on wheat growth”
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See all 755 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.