Abstract
A comprehensive evaluation of 248 MAGIC population-derived wheat lines and their eight founder lines revealed significant genetic variation and adaptive diversity for key physiological traits- NDVI_1-3, SPAD chlorophyll content, canopy temperature (CT), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm UP and LW) under timely sown (TSIR) and late-sown (LSIR) irrigated conditions across multiple locations. Genotypes under TSIR exhibited higher canopy greenness, chlorophyll stability, and photosynthetic efficiency, whereas LSIR induced elevated CT and reduced SPAD, indicating genotypic differences in heat tolerance. Correlation and PCA analyses showed strong interrelationships among traits, with NDVI positively correlated with SPAD and Fv/Fm (r = 0.52-0.86) and negatively with CT (r = -0.13 to -0.60). PCA identified two principal adaptive axes- vigour/biomass (NDVI-CT) and pigment/stress (SPAD-Fv/Fm), explaining 65-82% of total variation. GWAS detected 54 significant marker-trait associations, predominantly on chromosome 5A, with major loci AX-95210025, AX-94980357, and AX-94448771 influencing NDVI, SPAD chlorophyll content, CT, and Fv/Fm (UP and LW). Favorable alleles enhanced canopy vigour and chlorophyll content while reducing CT, signifying integrated genetic control of photosynthetic resilience and thermal regulation. In-silico and gene regulatory network (GRN) analyses identified key heat-responsive candidate genes including TraesCS5A02G078000 (Heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein), TraesCS5A02G077900 (DnaJ co-chaperone), TraesCS1A02G098800 (DUF4408 domain protein), TraesCS7A02G143900 (Hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase-like protein), and TraesCS7B02G083500 (Small heat shock protein) that regulate chlorophyll maintenance, PSII repair, and canopy cooling under stress. Collectively, this study elucidates the genetic and physiological basis of heat tolerance in the MAGIC population and identifies robust targets for marker-assisted selection and genomic improvement of thermotolerant wheat.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The 248 MAGIC wheat lines and their founders showed significant genetic variation and adaptive diversity for physiological traits across multiple locations.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- 248 MAGIC population-derived wheat linese0
- Outcome
- genetic variation and adaptive diversitye0
- Setting
- across multiple locationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“A comprehensive evaluation of 248 MAGIC population-derived wheat lines and their eight founder lines revealed significant genetic variation and adaptive diversity for key physiological traits- NDVI_1-3, SPAD chlorophyll content, canopy temperature (CT), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm UP and LW) under timely sown (TSIR) and late-sown (LSIR) irrigated conditions across multiple locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Under timely sown irrigated conditions, wheat genotypes showed higher canopy greenness, chlorophyll stability and photosynthetic efficiency than under late-sown conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- timely sown (TSIR)e0
- Outcome
- canopy greenness, chlorophyll stability, and photosynthetic efficiencye1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- late-sown (LSIR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“A comprehensive evaluation of 248 MAGIC population-derived wheat lines and their eight founder lines revealed significant genetic variation and adaptive diversity for key physiological traits- NDVI_1-3, SPAD chlorophyll content, canopy temperature (CT), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm UP and LW) under timely sown (TSIR) and late-sown (LSIR) irrigated conditions across multiple locations”
e1“Genotypes under TSIR exhibited higher canopy greenness, chlorophyll stability, and photosynthetic efficiency, whereas LSIR induced elevated CT and reduced SPAD”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-sown irrigated conditions elevated canopy temperature in wheat compared with timely sown conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late-sown (LSIR)e0
- Outcome
- CTe1
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Comparator
- timely sown (TSIR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“A comprehensive evaluation of 248 MAGIC population-derived wheat lines and their eight founder lines revealed significant genetic variation and adaptive diversity for key physiological traits- NDVI_1-3, SPAD chlorophyll content, canopy temperature (CT), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm UP and LW) under timely sown (TSIR) and late-sown (LSIR) irrigated conditions across multiple locations”
e1“Genotypes under TSIR exhibited higher canopy greenness, chlorophyll stability, and photosynthetic efficiency, whereas LSIR induced elevated CT and reduced SPAD”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-sown irrigated conditions reduced SPAD chlorophyll content in wheat compared with timely sown conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late-sown (LSIR)e0
- Outcome
- SPADe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- timely sown (TSIR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e0“A comprehensive evaluation of 248 MAGIC population-derived wheat lines and their eight founder lines revealed significant genetic variation and adaptive diversity for key physiological traits- NDVI_1-3, SPAD chlorophyll content, canopy temperature (CT), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm UP and LW) under timely sown (TSIR) and late-sown (LSIR) irrigated conditions across multiple locations”
e1“Genotypes under TSIR exhibited higher canopy greenness, chlorophyll stability, and photosynthetic efficiency, whereas LSIR induced elevated CT and reduced SPAD”
Claim · model-written summary
NDVI was positively correlated with SPAD and Fv/Fm in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- NDVIe2
- Direction
- positively correlatede2
- Value
- r = 0.52-0.86e2
- Comparator
- SPAD and Fv/Fme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“NDVI positively correlated with SPAD and Fv/Fm (r = 0.52-0.86) and negatively with CT (r = -0.13 to -0.60)”
Claim · model-written summary
NDVI was negatively correlated with canopy temperature in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- NDVIe2
- Direction
- negativelye2
- Value
- r = -0.13 to -0.60e2
- Comparator
- CTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“NDVI positively correlated with SPAD and Fv/Fm (r = 0.52-0.86) and negatively with CT (r = -0.13 to -0.60)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two principal adaptive axes explained 65-82% of total variation in the measured wheat traits.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- two principal adaptive axese3
- Value
- 65-82%e3
- Qualifier
- vigour/biomass (NDVI-CT) and pigment/stress (SPAD-Fv/Fm)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“PCA identified two principal adaptive axes- vigour/biomass (NDVI-CT) and pigment/stress (SPAD-Fv/Fm), explaining 65-82% of total variation”
Claim · model-written summary
GWAS detected 54 significant marker-trait associations in wheat, predominantly on chromosome 5A.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- marker-trait associationse4
- Value
- 54e4
- Qualifier
- predominantly on chromosome 5Ae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e4“GWAS detected 54 significant marker-trait associations, predominantly on chromosome 5A, with major loci AX-95210025, AX-94980357, and AX-94448771 influencing NDVI, SPAD chlorophyll content, CT, and Fv/Fm (UP and LW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Major loci AX-95210025, AX-94980357 and AX-94448771 influenced NDVI, SPAD chlorophyll content and CT in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- AX-95210025, AX-94980357, and AX-94448771e4
- Outcome
- NDVI, SPAD chlorophyll content, CTe4
- Direction
- influencinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e4“GWAS detected 54 significant marker-trait associations, predominantly on chromosome 5A, with major loci AX-95210025, AX-94980357, and AX-94448771 influencing NDVI, SPAD chlorophyll content, CT, and Fv/Fm (UP and LW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Major loci AX-95210025, AX-94980357 and AX-94448771 influenced Fv/Fm (UP and LW) in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- AX-95210025, AX-94980357, and AX-94448771e4
- Outcome
- Fv/Fm (UP and LW)e4
- Direction
- influencinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e4“GWAS detected 54 significant marker-trait associations, predominantly on chromosome 5A, with major loci AX-95210025, AX-94980357, and AX-94448771 influencing NDVI, SPAD chlorophyll content, CT, and Fv/Fm (UP and LW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Favorable alleles enhanced canopy vigour and chlorophyll content in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- Favorable allelese5
- Outcome
- canopy vigour and chlorophyll contente5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“Favorable alleles enhanced canopy vigour and chlorophyll content while reducing CT, signifying integrated genetic control of photosynthetic resilience and thermal regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Favorable alleles reduced canopy temperature in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- Favorable allelese5
- Outcome
- CTe5
- Direction
- reducinge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“Favorable alleles enhanced canopy vigour and chlorophyll content while reducing CT, signifying integrated genetic control of photosynthetic resilience and thermal regulation”
Claim · model-written summary
In-silico and gene regulatory network analyses identified heat-responsive candidate genes in wheat, including TraesCS5A02G078000, TraesCS5A02G077900 and TraesCS1A02G098800.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TraesCS5A02G078000 (Heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein), TraesCS5A02G077900 (DnaJ co-chaperone), TraesCS1A02G098800 (DUF4408 domain protein)e6
- Outcome
- heat-responsive candidate genese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“identified key heat-responsive candidate genes including TraesCS5A02G078000 (Heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein), TraesCS5A02G077900 (DnaJ co-chaperone), TraesCS1A02G098800 (DUF4408 domain protein), TraesCS7A02G143900 (Hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase-like protein), and TraesCS7B02G083500 (Small heat shock protein) that regulate chlorophyll maintenance, PSII repair, and canopy cooling under stress”
Claim · model-written summary
In-silico and gene regulatory network analyses identified heat-responsive candidate genes in wheat, including TraesCS7A02G143900 and TraesCS7B02G083500.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TraesCS7A02G143900 (Hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase-like protein), and TraesCS7B02G083500 (Small heat shock protein)e6
- Outcome
- heat-responsive candidate genese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“identified key heat-responsive candidate genes including TraesCS5A02G078000 (Heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein), TraesCS5A02G077900 (DnaJ co-chaperone), TraesCS1A02G098800 (DUF4408 domain protein), TraesCS7A02G143900 (Hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase-like protein), and TraesCS7B02G083500 (Small heat shock protein) that regulate chlorophyll maintenance, PSII repair, and canopy cooling under stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The candidate genes are proposed to regulate chlorophyll maintenance, PSII repair and canopy cooling under stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll maintenance, PSII repair, and canopy coolinge6
- Qualifier
- heat-responsive candidate genese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“identified key heat-responsive candidate genes including TraesCS5A02G078000 (Heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein), TraesCS5A02G077900 (DnaJ co-chaperone), TraesCS1A02G098800 (DUF4408 domain protein), TraesCS7A02G143900 (Hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase-like protein), and TraesCS7B02G083500 (Small heat shock protein) that regulate chlorophyll maintenance, PSII repair, and canopy cooling under stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The study identifies robust targets for marker-assisted selection and genomic improvement of thermotolerant wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- robust targets for marker-assisted selectione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“identifies robust targets for marker-assisted selection and genomic improvement of thermotolerant wheat”
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