Abstract
Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a key gaseous signaling molecule involved in plant growth and stress responses, yet its role in wheat resistance to stripe rust remains poorly understood. Here, we show that exogenous H 2 S enhances resistance of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) to Puccinia striiformis f. sp . tritici ( Pst ), the causative agent of stripe rust. Comparative persulfidation proteomics identified the autophagy-related protein TaATG6c as a Pst -responsive H₂S target. Site-specific mass spectrometry and a modified biotin-switch assay demonstrated that Cys177 and Cys180 of TaATG6c undergo H₂S-induced persulfidation. Structural modeling based on AlphaFold predicted that these two site mutations reduced the binding activity of ATG6c to ATG14. Functional characterization using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) revealed that TaATG6 positively regulates wheat immunity against Pst , as silencing TaATG6 promoted fungal growth. Moreover, TaATG6 expression was markedly induced during Pst infection. Notably, the resistance-promoting effect of NaHS was compromised in TaATG6 -silenced plants. Conversely, transient overexpression of TaATG6 enhanced wheat resistance to stripe rust, whereas mutation of Cys177 and Cys180 attenuated this effect. Endogenous biotin-switch assays further showed that TaATG6c persulfidation exhibits pathogen-responsive and dynamic characteristics, which were abolished in the TaATG6 C177A/C180A mutant. Consistently, H₂S treatment and Pst infection stimulated the accumulation of lipidated ATG8 (ATG8–PE), indicating activation of autophagy, while this response was largely abolished in TaATG6 -silenced plants. Together, these results suggest that H₂S promotes autophagy initiation through persulfidation of TaATG6c, thereby enhancing wheat resistance to stripe rust and highlighting a redox-regulated mechanism underlying plant stress adaptation.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous hydrogen sulfide enhanced wheat resistance to stripe rust pathogen.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- exogenous H 2 Se0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp . tritici
Puccinia striiformise0pathogen - Outcome
- resistance of wheate0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous H 2 S enhances resistance of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) to Puccinia striiformis f. sp . tritici ( Pst )”
Claim · model-written summary
Proteomics identified TaATG6c as a pathogen-responsive hydrogen sulfide target.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Gene
- TaATG6ce0
- Outcome
- Pst -responsive H₂S targete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proteomics identified the autophagy-related protein TaATG6c as a Pst -responsive H₂S target”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide induced persulfidation at TaATG6c Cys177 and Cys180.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- H₂Se0
- Gene
- TaATG6ce0
- Outcome
- persulfidatione0
- Qualifier
- Cys177 and Cys180e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cys177 and Cys180 of TaATG6c undergo H₂S-induced persulfidation”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Structural modeling predicted that two site mutations reduced ATG6c binding to ATG14.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- ATG6ce0
- Outcome
- binding activity of ATG6c to ATG14e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- ATG14e0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these two site mutations reduced the binding activity of ATG6c to ATG14”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing TaATG6 promoted fungal growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- silencing TaATG6e0
- Gene
- TaATG6e0
- Outcome
- fungal growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silencing TaATG6 promoted fungal growth”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pst infection induced TaATG6 expression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Gene
- TaATG6e0
- Outcome
- TaATG6 expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaATG6 expression was markedly induced during Pst infection”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaATG6 silencing compromised NaHS-mediated resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- TaATG6 -silenced plantse0
- Gene
- TaATG6e0
- Outcome
- resistance-promoting effect of NaHSe0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resistance-promoting effect of NaHS was compromised in TaATG6 -silenced plants”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient TaATG6 overexpression enhanced wheat stripe rust resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- transient overexpression of TaATG6e0
- Gene
- TaATG6e0
- Outcome
- wheat resistance to stripe ruste0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transient overexpression of TaATG6 enhanced wheat resistance to stripe rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Cys177 and Cys180 mutations attenuated the resistance effect of TaATG6 overexpression.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mutation of Cys177 and Cys180e0
- Outcome
- this effecte0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutation of Cys177 and Cys180 attenuated this effect”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaATG6c persulfidation was pathogen responsive and dynamic.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaATG6ce0
- Outcome
- TaATG6c persulfidatione0
- Qualifier
- pathogen-responsive and dynamic characteristicse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaATG6c persulfidation exhibits pathogen-responsive and dynamic characteristics”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen responsive persulfidation was abolished in the TaATG6 C177A/C180A mutant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- TaATG6 C177A/C180A mutante0
- Outcome
- abolishede0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abolished in the TaATG6 C177A/C180A mutant”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen sulfide treatment and Pst infection stimulated lipidated ATG8 accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- H₂S treatment and Pst infectione0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Gene
- ATG8e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of lipidated ATG8 (ATG8–PE)e0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H₂S treatment and Pst infection stimulated the accumulation of lipidated ATG8 (ATG8–PE)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaATG6 silencing largely abolished lipidated ATG8 accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- TaATG6 -silenced plantse0
- Outcome
- this responsee0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this response was largely abolished in TaATG6 -silenced plants”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer hydrogen sulfide promotes autophagy through TaATG6c persulfidation to enhance wheat resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- TaATG6ce0
- Outcome
- wheat resistance to stripe ruste0
- Qualifier
- autophagy initiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H₂S promotes autophagy initiation through persulfidation of TaATG6c, thereby enhancing wheat resistance to stripe rust”
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