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“decrease in relative water content”

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Taxon groups are the verbatim names found in the abstracts (case-insensitive), not normalised: maize, corn and Zea mays are separate groups here. The Organism view merges them through NCBI Taxonomy.

wheat 29

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought decreased wheat relative water content by 35.57%.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: stressed conditionse0
Outcome: relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 35.57%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“In the present study with 92 genotypes, a decrease of 35.57% for relative water content and 23.08% was observed for chlorophyll content in the stressed conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 962–1124

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 53–58

Title

Physiological and biochemical responses of hexaploid wheat cultivars to drought stress

Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari Pure and Applied Biology 2016. doi:10.19045/bspab.2016.50167

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Drought decreased wheat chlorophyll content by 23.08%.
Intervention effect Moisture stress increased wheat sugar by 28.86%.
Intervention effect Moisture stress increased wheat SOD by 4.53%.
Intervention effect Moisture stress increased wheat canopy temperature by 20.38%.
Observation Genotypes useful for breeding were identified.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Water limitation decreased wheat grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, photosystem II efficiency and relative water content.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: water limitatione0
Outcome: grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of photosystem II, and relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“water limitation led to a decrease in the grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of photosystem II, and relative water content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 559–695

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 94–99

Title

Effects of Biofertilizers and Nano Zinc-Iron Oxide on Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Wheat under Water Deficit Conditions

Raouf Seyed Sharifi; Razieh Khalilzadeh; Alireza Pirzad; et al. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2020. doi:10.1080/00103624.2020.1845350

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Water limitation increased proline, soluble sugars and catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities.
Intervention effect Biofertilizer application increased proline, soluble sugars and enzyme activities.
Intervention effect Nanooxide application increased proline, soluble sugars and enzyme activities.
Intervention effect Zn-Fe oxide nanoparticles lowered electrical conductivity by 17% under severe water limitation.
Intervention effect Zn-Fe oxide nanoparticles increased peroxidase activity by 27% under severe water limitation.
Intervention effect Zn-Fe oxide nanoparticles increased polyphenol oxidase by 61% under severe water limitation.
Intervention effect Azotobacter with nano Zn-Fe oxide increased grain yield by 88% compared with control under severe water limitation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Post-anthesis salt stress reduced relative water content.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume1
Treatment: post-anthesis salt stresse0
Outcome: relative water content (RWC)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“post-anthesis salt stress led to a significant decrease in plant height, flag leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, relative water content (RWC)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1002–1159

e1
“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 249–284

Title

Foliar Melatonin Application Mitigates Salt Stress Effects on Wheat Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Activity and Grain Quality

Feisal M. Ismaeil; Nagla N. Suleman; Abderhim A. Jabereldar; et al. Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 2025. doi:10.9734/ajraf/2025/v11i3408

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Post-anthesis salt stress reduced plant height and flag leaf area; melatonin alleviated the declines.
Intervention effect Post-anthesis salt stress reduced shoot and root fresh and dry weights.
Intervention effect Melatonin alleviated salt-induced declines in plant height, flag leaf area, and shoot and root weights.
Intervention effect Melatonin alleviated salt-induced loss of relative water content.
Intervention effect Salt stress lowered chlorophyll, indole acetic acid, and gas exchange measures.
Intervention effect Salt stress lowered chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant activities.
Intervention effect Salt stress reduced yield and yield components.
Intervention effect Salt stress reduced grain protein and starch concentrations and calcium and potassium contents.
Intervention effect Foliar melatonin improved chlorophyll, indole acetic acid, gas exchange, and fluorescence parameters under salt stress.
Intervention effect Foliar melatonin improved antioxidant activity, yield, and yield components under salt stress.
Intervention effect Foliar melatonin improved protein and starch concentrations and calcium and potassium contents under salt stress.
Intervention effect Salt-stressed plants accumulated more reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide.
Intervention effect Salt-stressed plants accumulated more superoxide and sodium.
Intervention effect Melatonin lowered reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide under salt stress.
Intervention effect Melatonin lowered superoxide and sodium under salt stress.
Recommendation Authors propose pre-anthesis foliar melatonin to mitigate salt effects on growth, yield, and grain quality.

bread wheat 16

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chamran under I1 had the smallest relative water content decline relative to I4.

Taxon: BREAD WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
Material: Chamrane0
Treatment: drought stress treatment (I1)e0
Outcome: relative water contente0
Direction: lowest decreasee0
Comparator: control treatment (I4)e0

Verbatim

t0
“BREAD WHEAT”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 114–125

e0
“The Chamran cultivar (C1) on drought stress treatment (I1) had the lowest decrease in relative water content and total chlorophyll content than with control treatment (I4).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1180–1352

Title

THE EFFECTS OF DROUGHT STRESS ON YIELD, RELATIVE WATER CONTENT, PROLINE, SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES AND CHLOROPHYLL OF BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS

Shamsi Keyvan The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 2010

Other claims from this paper (7)

Association Greater drought intensity decreased relative water content.
Association Greater drought intensity decreased total chlorophyll content.
Association Greater drought intensity increased proline content.
Association Soluble carbohydrate content showed no consistent trend with drought intensity.
Observation Chamran under I1 had the smallest chlorophyll decline relative to I4.
Observation Chamran had the highest drought tolerance.
Observation Chamran had the highest yield stability.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Irrigation every 40 days decreased relative water content in both seasons.

Taxon: Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Irrigation intervals every 40 dayse1
Outcome: relative water contente1
Direction: decreasee1
Qualifier: in both seasonse1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Bread Wheat Cultivars”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 19–40

e1
“Irrigation intervals every 40 days caused a decrease in all of the studied characters (days to maturity, days to heading, grain filling rate, grain filling period, leaf area index, plant height, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, transpiration rate and relative water content) except for total chlorophyll content, stomatal resistance, leaf temperature and proline content in both seasons”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 606–999

Title

Evaluation of Some Bread Wheat Cultivars under Irrigation Intervals 2: Studies on Morphophysiological Traits

M. O. Al-Farouk; K. A. Elfky; E. M. Elsmahy Journal of Plant Production 2024. doi:10.21608/jpp.2024.288644.1339

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Irrigation every 40 days decreased days to maturity, days to heading, grain filling rate in both seasons.
Intervention effect Irrigation every 40 days decreased grain filling period, leaf area index, plant height in both seasons.
Intervention effect Irrigation every 40 days decreased crop growth rate, relative growth rate, transpiration rate in both seasons.
Observation Sakha 95 had the highest stomatal resistance under irrigation every 40 days.
Observation Misr 3 had the highest total chlorophyll and proline content under irrigation every 40 days.
Recommendation The authors judged Misr 3 and Sakha 95 suitable for water stress.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chamran under I1 had the smallest chlorophyll decline relative to I4.

Taxon: BREAD WHEATTriticum aestivumt0
Material: Chamrane0
Treatment: drought stress treatment (I1)e0
Outcome: total chlorophyll contente0
Direction: lowest decreasee0
Comparator: control treatment (I4)e0

Verbatim

t0
“BREAD WHEAT”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 114–125

e0
“The Chamran cultivar (C1) on drought stress treatment (I1) had the lowest decrease in relative water content and total chlorophyll content than with control treatment (I4).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1180–1352

Title

THE EFFECTS OF DROUGHT STRESS ON YIELD, RELATIVE WATER CONTENT, PROLINE, SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES AND CHLOROPHYLL OF BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS

Shamsi Keyvan The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 2010

Other claims from this paper (7)

Association Greater drought intensity decreased relative water content.
Association Greater drought intensity decreased total chlorophyll content.
Association Greater drought intensity increased proline content.
Association Soluble carbohydrate content showed no consistent trend with drought intensity.
Observation Chamran under I1 had the smallest relative water content decline relative to I4.
Observation Chamran had the highest drought tolerance.
Observation Chamran had the highest yield stability.

maize 14

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Deficit irrigation significantly reduced chlorophyll a, b and relative water content.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: deficit irrigatione0
Outcome: chlorophyll a, b and relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: normal irrigatione1

Verbatim

e0
“deficit irrigation caused a significant decrease in grain yield and other agronomic traits, physiological characteristics (chlorophyll a, b and relative water content)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 635–802

e1
“normal irrigation, 80% of maximum daily crop evapotranspiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 440–503

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 90–95

Title

Growth analysis, agronomic and physiological characteristics of three hybrid varieties of maize under deficit irrigation conditions

Amir Abbas Rostami Ajirloo; Mohamad Reza Asgharipour; Ahmad Ganbari; et al. Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding 2019. doi:10.22034/jppb.2019.10097

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly reduced maize grain yield and agronomic traits.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation significantly reduced leaf area index, crop growth rate and relative growth rate.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased leaf rolling percentage.
Intervention effect With stronger deficit, SC705 chlorophyll a, b and relative water content fell more than in SC703 and SC704.
Observation At severe stress, SC705 leaf rolling reached 60%.
Observation SC705 had the highest grain yield, 8.51 t/ha, under normal irrigation.
Observation SC705 had the highest biomass, 19.36 t/ha, under normal irrigation.
Observation SC705 had minimum grain yield and biomass at 50% ETc.
Intervention effect Increasing deficit from normal irrigation to 50% ETc significantly reduced SC705 leaf area index, plant growth rate and relative growth rate.
Intervention effect Increasing deficit from normal irrigation to 50% ETc significantly reduced SC705 net photosynthesis rate.
Recommendation The authors recommend preventing water deficit at critical maize growth stages.
Recommendation The authors advise planting SC705 when enough irrigation water is available.
Recommendation The authors consider SC704 suitable for water deficit, especially at 50% ETc.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought decreased maize photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll, relative water content, height and yield.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayse0
Treatment: droughte0
Outcome: net photosynthesis rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll (Chl.) a+b, relative water content (RWC), plant height, and grain yielde0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“drought caused a significant decrease in net photosynthesis rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll (Chl.) a+b, relative water content (RWC), plant height, and grain yield of Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 938–1123

Title

Super Absorbent Polymers and Soil Texture Affects on Zea mays L. Physiological Response, under Drought Stress Condition

Moeini, Alireza; Neshat, Ali; Yazdanpanah, Najme; et al. Open MIND 2025. doi:10.57647/jcns.2025.1101.04

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Increasing drought elevated CAT, SOD, APX, REC and proline.
Intervention effect Moderate drought increased WUE by 5.8% relative to control.
Intervention effect Severe drought increased WUE by 11.7% relative to control.
Observation Clay-loam soil produced the maximum grain yield of 491.8 g.
Intervention effect SAP under drought enhanced gas exchange, chlorophyll, water content, height and grain yield.
Intervention effect SAP under drought decreased REC, proline, CAT, SOD and APX activity.
Observation The 80 kg.ha-1 SAP rate gave the highest photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll, and 10 kg.ha-1 gave the lowest.
Intervention effect SAP at 40 and 80 kg.ha-1 increased leaf relative water content.
Intervention effect SAP at 10 and 20 kg.ha-1 had no significant effect on leaf relative water content versus control.
Recommendation The authors recommend 80 kg.ha-1 SAP for drought in sandy and clay-loam soils.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Deficit irrigation decreased maize leaf chlorophyll, NDVI and relative water content.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: defi cient irrigatione0
Outcome: Leaf chlorophyll contents, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Leaf relative water content (RWC)e0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Leaf chlorophyll contents, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Leaf relative water content (RWC) were decreased by defi cient irrigation”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 515–669

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 94–99

Title

Vermicompost and Azotobacter as an ecological pathway to decrease chemical fertilizers in the maize, Zea mays

Ali Shirkhani; Safar Nasrolahzadeh Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 2016. doi:10.21786/bbrc/9.3/7

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Deficit irrigation decreased maize grain yield and leaf area index.
Intervention effect Azotobacter increased maize yield and leaf traits under normal and deficit irrigation.
Intervention effect Vermicompost increased maize yield and leaf traits under normal and deficit irrigation.
Observation Using 6 ton/ha vermicompost and Azotobacter supplied 50% of maize fertilizer.
Intervention effect Combined biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers increased maize yield and other traits.
Intervention effect Vermicompost plus chemical fertilizer performed better than chemical fertilizer alone, including its full recommended rate.
Recommendation The authors recommend organic sources with 50% recommended NPK fertilizer for sustainable maize production under normal and deficit irrigation.

safflower 14

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit significantly decreased relative water content, stomatal conductance, and osmotic adjustment.

Taxon: SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: water deficitse0
Outcome: relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), osmotic adjustment (Oadj)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–69

e0
“water deficits led to a significant decrease in relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), osmotic adjustment (Oadj)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 477–607

Title

Physiological Indices for the Selection of Drought-Tolerant Safflower Genotypes for Cultivation in Marginal Areas

Bahman Pasban Eslam; Ali Chenari Bouket; Tomasz Oszako; et al. Applied Sciences 2024. doi:10.3390/app14125106

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Water deficit significantly decreased water potential and agronomic water use efficiency.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased the water stress index.
Association These physiological traits differed significantly among safflower genotypes.
Association Physiological traits were significantly correlated with seed yield.
Association CWSI was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association WP was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association WUEa was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association Capitula number per plant correlated positively with seed yield (r = 0.86).
Association Seeds per capitulum correlated positively with seed yield (r = 0.92).
Observation Golemehr yielded 4676 kg h−1 normally and 3211 kg h−1 under water deficit.
Observation Mec.295 yielded 4961 kg h−1 normally and 3385 kg h−1 under water deficit.
Recommendation CWSI, WP and WUEa can select high yielding drought tolerant safflower genotypes.
Recommendation Golemehr is recommended for cultivation in marginal and arid areas.
Recommendation Mec.295 is recommended for cultivation in marginal and arid areas.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

S1 decreased leaf relative water content by 17%.

Taxon: safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: S1 irrigation levele0
Outcome: relative water content (RWC) of the leafe0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 17 %e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–61

e0
“The S1 irrigation level led to a decrease in Fv/Fm (5 %), relative water content (RWC) of the leaf (17 %)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–615

Title

Improving the physiological properties and yield of safflower by combining organic and chemical nitrogen in different irrigation cut-off conditions

Eisa Maghsoudi; Alireza Yadavi; Hamidreza Balouchi; et al. Industrial Crops and Products 2024. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119601

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Stem-elongation irrigation cut-off decreased Fv/Fm by 5%.
Intervention effect S1 decreased leaf chlorophyll by 22%.
Intervention effect S1 decreased leaf soluble proteins by 21%.
Intervention effect S1 increased electrolyte leakage by 33%.
Intervention effect S1 increased carotenoids by 43%.
Intervention effect S1 increased proline by 42%.
Intervention effect S1 increased leaf soluble sugars by 39%.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer alone or combined with chemical fertilizer raised Fv/Fm, RWC and chlorophyll under cut-off.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer raised leaf soluble proteins under irrigation cut-off.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer decreased carotenoids, proline and soluble sugars.
Observation Complete irrigation gave the highest biological yield of 21.62 t ha −1.
Observation N3 gave the highest biological yield of 21.93 t ha −1.
Intervention effect N3 increased grain yield by 3.34 t ha −1 in 2015.
Intervention effect N2 increased grain yield by 3.56 t ha −1 in 2016.
Observation Vegetative-stage irrigation cut-off had the greatest negative biological-yield effect.
Observation Flowering and pollination irrigation cut-off was most detrimental for grain yield.
Intervention effect N2 and N3 reduced the negative impact of water deficiency.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower plant height, leaf area index, and relative water content.

Taxon: safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: salinity, drought, and simultaneous stressese0
Outcome: plant height, leaf area index, relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The plant height, leaf area index, relative water content, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000-seeds weight, seed yield, oil content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decrease under salinity, drought, and simultaneous stresses.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 516–801

t0
“safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–50

Title

Growth, photosynthesis and production of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in response to different levels of salinity and drought

Marziyeh Esmaeilzadeh; Hossein Babazadeh; Hormazd Naghavi; et al. International Agrophysics 2022. doi:10.31545/intagr/147892

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower head number, seed number per head, and thousand-seed weight.
Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower seed yield and oil content.
Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate.
Intervention effect The 10 dS m -1 salinity and 40% irrigation treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 92.6% at heading.
Intervention effect The same stress treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 71.04% at stem elongation.
Intervention effect The same stress treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 89.9% at flowering.

not stated 13

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water stress significantly decreased relative water content and chlorophyll stability index.

Treatment: Water stresse0
Outcome: relative water content, chlorophyll stability indexe0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Water stress was found to decrease significantly in the data of photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, relative water content, chlorophyll stability index”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 642–820

Title

Brassinolide induced modulation of physiology, growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water stress condition

Suman Dhayal; DL Bagdi; BL Kakralya; et al. Crop Research 2012

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Water stress significantly decreased photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance.
Intervention effect Water stress significantly decreased leaf area, leaf dry weight and plant height.
Intervention effect Water stress significantly decreased spikes per plant, grains per ear and test weight.
Intervention effect Water stress significantly decreased grain yield.
Intervention effect Brassinolide significantly increased the measured physiological, growth and yield parameters in both wheat cultivars through 1.5 ppm.
Association The measured physiological, growth and yield variables were positively correlated with grain yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Skipping irrigation at flowering decreased relative water content in sunflower.

Treatment: skipping irrigation at this stagee0
Outcome: relative water content (RWC %)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“skipping irrigation at this stage caused marked decrease in chlorophyll content in leaves, relative water content (RWC %)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 911–1032

Title

Effect of Skipping Irrigation at Different Growth Stages and Zinc Foliar Application on Yield and Water Productivity of Sunflower

Rania El Mantawy; Dalia El-Hag Journal of Plant Production 2018. doi:10.21608/jpp.2018.35488

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Skipping irrigation at flowering decreased sunflower leaf chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Skipping irrigation at flowering decreased sunflower seed oil percentage.
Intervention effect Skipping irrigation at flowering decreased sunflower seed yield and its components.
Intervention effect Skipping irrigation at flowering increased sunflower proline content.
Intervention effect Skipping irrigation at flowering increased sunflower seed protein percentage.
Intervention effect Zinc spraying significantly affected the studied sunflower attributes.
Intervention effect Traditional irrigation gave the highest seasonal amount of water applied.
Intervention effect Traditional irrigation gave the highest water productivity.
Recommendation The authors recommend zinc application to increase sunflower yield under drought stress.
Recommendation The authors conclude that skipping vegetative stage irrigation with 1% zinc sulfate can maintain high sunflower seed yield with less applied water.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nine-day irrigation reduced leaf relative water content.

Treatment: 9 dayse0
Outcome: relative water content in leavese0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“increase in the duration of the irrigation period to 9 days resulted in a decrease in the characteristics of the study (dry weight, chlorophyll content, relative water content in leaves)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 621–807

Title

Effect of abscisic acid and superabsorbent polymer on tolerance of Abelmoschus esculentus to drought

Intedhar Abbas Marhoon International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019. doi:10.26452/ijrps.v10i1.1885

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Nine-day irrigation reduced plant dry weight.
Intervention effect Nine-day irrigation reduced chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Nine-day irrigation increased soil water deficit.
Intervention effect Three-day irrigation exceeded the other treatments on studied traits.
Intervention effect Abyssic acid spraying, especially at 6 mg / L, increased studied traits.
Intervention effect Polymer soil mixing improved studied indicators.
Intervention effect Polymer soil mixing increased resistance to water scarcity.
Association Irrigation duration with alfalfa and soil polymer addition significantly affected most traits.

soybean 10

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought and salt stress significantly reduced relative water content and water potential.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: individual and combined treatments of drought and salt stresse0
Outcome: relative water content, and water potentiale0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“All physiological traits, relative water content, and water potential decreased significantly in all soybean genotypes due to individual and combined treatments of drought and salt stress, with significantly less decrease in soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 794–1067

Title

Evaluation of drought and salinity tolerance potentials of different soybean genotypes based upon physiological, biochemical, and genetic indicators

Yahya Alzahrani Frontiers in Plant Science 2024. doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1466363

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Drought and salt stress significantly reduced physiological traits in all soybean genotypes.
Observation G4620RX showed significantly less physiological decline under stress.
Observation DM45X61 showed significantly less physiological decline under stress.
Observation NARC-21 showed significantly less physiological decline under stress.
Intervention effect Antioxidant enzyme activity and ROS production increased significantly under salt and water deficit.
Intervention effect Osmolyte accumulation, solute potential and Na+/K+ ratio increased significantly under stress.
Observation G4620RX showed maximum enzyme activity, high osmolytes and solute potential, with less ROS and Na+/K+ increase.
Observation DM45X61 showed maximum enzyme activity with lower ROS and Na+/K+ increases.
Observation NARC-21 showed maximum enzyme activity with lower ROS and Na+/K+ increases.
Association Stress tolerant genotypes had high expression of related tolerance genes.
Method / resource Multivariate analyses confirmed varying physiological and biochemical responses to individual and combined stresses.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Coatings suppressed increasing soybean seed water content relative to control.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment: coating treatmente0
Outcome: water contente0
Direction: suppressthe increasee0
Qualifier: during storagee1
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

e0
“coating treatment could significantly suppressthe increase in water content and the decrease in protein and fat levels compared to the control.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 753–896

t0
“seed soybean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 57–69

e1
“Two varietiesof soybean seed and three coating treatments (control, CS, and CSNPs) were used during storage for six months.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 522–645

Title

Effects of chitosan nanoparticles coating on delaying of seed soybean (Gycine max) deterioration

Abdullah Bin Arif; Sri Yuliani,; Qanytah Hernani; et al. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 2023. doi:10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i3.2982

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Coatings suppressed the decline in soybean seed protein and fat levels.
Intervention effect Coatings suppressed respiration rate, ethylene content, and MDA concentration in soybean seeds, especially Grobogan.
Intervention effect Coated soybean seed had a higher vigor index and germination than controls, especially Dega.
Intervention effect CSNPs outperformed CS and control across all experimental parameters.
Intervention effect Dega seed germination after six months of CS coating was 93.33%.
Intervention effect Dega seed germination after six months of CSNPs coating was 92.67%.
Association Initial moisture content strongly affected soybean seed physical and chemical properties and viability in storage.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Genotype BD2333 had the largest decrease in seeds per pod (56.20%) under drought compared with control conditions.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxt1
Material: BD2333e1
Treatment: droughte1
Outcome: SPe1
Direction: largest decreasee1
Value: 56.20%e1
Comparator: control conditionse1

Verbatim

t1
“Soybean Genotypes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 34–51

e1
“BD2333 exhibited the largest decrease in plant height (37.10%), pod number plant−1 (85.90%), SP (56.20%), HSW (54.20%), gs (90.50%), Pn (71.00%), transpiration rate (59.40%), relative water content (34.40%), Chl a (79.50%), total Chls (72.70%), and carotenoids (56.70%), along with the maximum increase in water saturation deficit (290.40%) and malondialdehyde content (280.30%) under drought compared to control conditi…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1868–2291

Title

Differential Drought Responses of Soybean Genotypes in Relation to Photosynthesis and Growth-Yield Attributes

Md. Saddam Hossain; Md. Arifur Rahman Khan; Apple Mahmud; et al. Plants 2024. doi:10.3390/plants13192765

Other claims from this paper (19)

clusterbean 8

Show all 8 →

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity significantly decreased plant height in clusterbean.

Taxon: clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
Treatment: Salinitye0
Outcome: plant heighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Salinity was found to decrease significantly the photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate (at flowering stage), stomatal conductance, relative water content, chlorophyll stability index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, plant height, pod length, leaf area index, test weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and K+ and Na+ content in grain”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 507–876

t0
“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–101

Title

Mitigation of salinity induced effects using brassinolide in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

Gograj Jat; DL Bagdi; BL Kakralya; et al. Crop Research 2012

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased photosynthesis rate in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased transpiration rate in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased stomatal conductance in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased relative water content in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased chlorophyll stability index in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased number of pods per plant in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased number of seeds per pod in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased pod length in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased leaf area index in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased test weight in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased grain yield in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased biological yield in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased harvest index in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased K+ and Na+ content in grain in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Brassinolide up to 1.0 ppm significantly increased the listed physiological and yield variables in clusterbean.
Observation RGC-1018 had higher measured parameters than RGC-936.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity significantly decreased pod length in clusterbean.

Taxon: clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
Treatment: Salinitye0
Outcome: pod lengthe0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Salinity was found to decrease significantly the photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate (at flowering stage), stomatal conductance, relative water content, chlorophyll stability index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, plant height, pod length, leaf area index, test weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and K+ and Na+ content in grain”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 507–876

t0
“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–101

Title

Mitigation of salinity induced effects using brassinolide in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

Gograj Jat; DL Bagdi; BL Kakralya; et al. Crop Research 2012

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased photosynthesis rate in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased transpiration rate in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased stomatal conductance in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased relative water content in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased chlorophyll stability index in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased number of pods per plant in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased number of seeds per pod in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased plant height in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased leaf area index in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased test weight in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased grain yield in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased biological yield in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased harvest index in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased K+ and Na+ content in grain in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Brassinolide up to 1.0 ppm significantly increased the listed physiological and yield variables in clusterbean.
Observation RGC-1018 had higher measured parameters than RGC-936.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity significantly decreased test weight in clusterbean.

Taxon: clusterbeanCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
Treatment: Salinitye0
Outcome: test weighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Salinity was found to decrease significantly the photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate (at flowering stage), stomatal conductance, relative water content, chlorophyll stability index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, plant height, pod length, leaf area index, test weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and K+ and Na+ content in grain”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 507–876

t0
“clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–101

Title

Mitigation of salinity induced effects using brassinolide in clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

Gograj Jat; DL Bagdi; BL Kakralya; et al. Crop Research 2012

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased photosynthesis rate in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased transpiration rate in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased stomatal conductance in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased relative water content in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased chlorophyll stability index in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased number of pods per plant in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased number of seeds per pod in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased plant height in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased pod length in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased leaf area index in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased grain yield in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased biological yield in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased harvest index in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased K+ and Na+ content in grain in clusterbean.
Intervention effect Brassinolide up to 1.0 ppm significantly increased the listed physiological and yield variables in clusterbean.
Observation RGC-1018 had higher measured parameters than RGC-936.

chickpea 7

Show all 7 →

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Susceptible genotypes had a significant decrease in relative water content under salinity.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Material: ICC 249 & ICC 247e0
Treatment: salinity stresst0
Outcome: relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“significant decrease in total chlorophyll and relative water content in susceptible genotypes (ICC 249 & ICC 247)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 926–1039

t0
“Screening and evaluation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for salinity stress tolerance: A biochemical, physiological and yield assessment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–148

Title

Screening and evaluation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for salinity stress tolerance: A biochemical, physiological and yield assessment

T Aman; J Priyanka; K Rajneesh; et al. Plant Science Today 2025. doi:10.14719/pst.5365

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observation Traits varied significantly across genotypes.
Intervention effect Susceptible genotypes had a significant decrease in total chlorophyll under salinity.
Observation Tolerant genotypes had significantly smaller declines in chlorophyll and relative water content.
Association Lipid peroxidation increased significantly in tolerant versus sensitive genotypes.
Association Proline content increased significantly in tolerant versus sensitive genotypes.
Association Protein content increased nonsignificantly in tolerant versus sensitive genotypes.
Mechanism The authors attribute higher proline content under salinity to stress related protein production.
Observation ICC5439 and GNG 1581 were classified as highly tolerant.
Observation ICC 6050, ICC 251, ICC 252 and ICC 262 were classified as medium tolerant.
Observation ICC253, ICC 247 and ICC 249 were classified as highly susceptible.
Observation The remaining genotypes were minimally tolerant or sensitive.
Association Trait associations were significant and direct.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity reduced chickpea chlorophyll content, relative water content and water retention capacity.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinume1
Treatment: salinity stresse0
Outcome: chlorophyll content, a decrease in relative water content, a decline in water retention capacitye0
Direction: reductione0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“salinity stress which included a reduction in chlorophyll content, a decrease in relative water content, a decline in water retention capacity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1526–1668

e1
“salinity stress on chickpea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 262–289

Title

Enhancing Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Tolerance to Salinity through Plant Growth Regulators

Hasib Bin Saif; Nadira Mokarroma; Kanis Fatema Ruma; et al. Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 2023. doi:10.9734/ajraf/2023/v9i4243

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect Salinity reduced total dry weight and yield.
Intervention effect Foliar gibberellic acid alleviated salinity impact, with 10 ppm most effective under mild stress.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher NaCl significantly reduced chickpea leaf relative water content by approximately 16.9% at the highest dose.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Treatment: Increased levels of NaCle0
Outcome: leaf relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: approximately 16.9%e0
Comparator: controle0

Verbatim

e0
“Increased levels of NaCl in the growing medium caused a significant decrease in leaf relative water content, where the percentage of reduction at the highest salt level was approximately 16.9% compared to the control.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 590–807

t0
“chickpea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 29–37

Title

Evaluating salt tolerance of chickpea genotypes based on morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters

Mawia SOBH; Tahoora B. ZARGAR; Oqba BASAL; et al. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 2025. doi:10.15835/nbha53214515

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Orion accumulated more proline than Elmo, 3.45 versus 2.95 µmol g dwt.-1.
Observation Orion had higher relative water content than Elmo, 88% versus 84.1%.
Observation Elmo had higher solute leakage than Orion, 72.2% versus 60.3%.
Observation Elmo had higher MDA content than Orion, 49.7 versus 29.5 µmol g dwt.-1.
Mechanism Osmotic adjustment was implicated in protoplast hydration and membrane stability under salinity.
Observation Genotypes differed in their response to salt treatments.
Observation Orion was more salt tolerant than Elmo.

Vicia faba L. 7

Show all 7 →

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water stress decreased water status (membrane stability index and relative water content) in faba bean.

Taxon: Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
Treatment: water stresse0
Outcome: water status (membrane stability index and relative water content)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Plants exposed to water stress presented a significant decrease in plant height, dry matter, leave area, chlorophyll content (SPAD), the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, and PI), water status (membrane stability index and relative water content), and seed yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 958–1239

t0
“Vicia faba L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–72

Title

Acidified Biochar as a Soil Amendment to Drought Stressed (Vicia faba L.) Plants: Influences on Growth and Productivity, Nutrient Status, and Water Use Efficiency

Taia A. Abd El-Mageed; Eman E. Belal; Mohamed O. A. Rady; et al. Agronomy 2021. doi:10.3390/agronomy11071290

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Water stress decreased plant height in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased dry matter in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased leave area in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased chlorophyll content (SPAD) in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, and PI) in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased seed yield in faba bean.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved soil properties (chemical and physical).
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved plant growth.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved physiological responses.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved WP.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved I-WUE.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved contents of N, P, K, and Ca.
Intervention effect ACBio at 10 t ha−1 increased seed yield by 38.7% relative to control.
Intervention effect ACBio at 5 t ha−1 increased seed yield by 25.8% relative to control.
Recommendation ACBio may be applied as a soil amendment for faba bean under deficit irrigation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water stress decreased chlorophyll content (SPAD) in faba bean.

Taxon: Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
Treatment: water stresse0
Outcome: chlorophyll content (SPAD)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Plants exposed to water stress presented a significant decrease in plant height, dry matter, leave area, chlorophyll content (SPAD), the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, and PI), water status (membrane stability index and relative water content), and seed yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 958–1239

t0
“Vicia faba L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–72

Title

Acidified Biochar as a Soil Amendment to Drought Stressed (Vicia faba L.) Plants: Influences on Growth and Productivity, Nutrient Status, and Water Use Efficiency

Taia A. Abd El-Mageed; Eman E. Belal; Mohamed O. A. Rady; et al. Agronomy 2021. doi:10.3390/agronomy11071290

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Water stress decreased plant height in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased dry matter in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased leave area in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, and PI) in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased water status (membrane stability index and relative water content) in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased seed yield in faba bean.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved soil properties (chemical and physical).
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved plant growth.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved physiological responses.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved WP.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved I-WUE.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved contents of N, P, K, and Ca.
Intervention effect ACBio at 10 t ha−1 increased seed yield by 38.7% relative to control.
Intervention effect ACBio at 5 t ha−1 increased seed yield by 25.8% relative to control.
Recommendation ACBio may be applied as a soil amendment for faba bean under deficit irrigation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water stress decreased plant height in faba bean.

Taxon: Vicia faba L.Vicia fabat0
Treatment: water stresse0
Outcome: plant heighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Plants exposed to water stress presented a significant decrease in plant height, dry matter, leave area, chlorophyll content (SPAD), the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, and PI), water status (membrane stability index and relative water content), and seed yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 958–1239

t0
“Vicia faba L.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 59–72

Title

Acidified Biochar as a Soil Amendment to Drought Stressed (Vicia faba L.) Plants: Influences on Growth and Productivity, Nutrient Status, and Water Use Efficiency

Taia A. Abd El-Mageed; Eman E. Belal; Mohamed O. A. Rady; et al. Agronomy 2021. doi:10.3390/agronomy11071290

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Water stress decreased dry matter in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased leave area in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased chlorophyll content (SPAD) in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, and PI) in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased water status (membrane stability index and relative water content) in faba bean.
Intervention effect Water stress decreased seed yield in faba bean.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved soil properties (chemical and physical).
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved plant growth.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved physiological responses.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved WP.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved I-WUE.
Intervention effect Acidified biochar improved contents of N, P, K, and Ca.
Intervention effect ACBio at 10 t ha−1 increased seed yield by 38.7% relative to control.
Intervention effect ACBio at 5 t ha−1 increased seed yield by 25.8% relative to control.
Recommendation ACBio may be applied as a soil amendment for faba bean under deficit irrigation.

cotton 6

Show all 6 →

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit decrease cottonseed seed vitality.

Taxon: CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: WDe0
Outcome: seed vitalitye0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“WD significantly increased the relative protein content of cottonseed but decreased the relative oil content, leading to a decrease in seed vitality.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1759–1908

t0
“Cotton”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–135

Title

Lower Demand for Boll Dry Matter Accumulation and Higher Harvestable Bolls Ensure the Yield and Quality Advantages of Small Boll Cotton Under Water‐Deficit Conditions

Yongchao Han; Honghai Luo; Qian‐Hao Zhu; et al. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2025. doi:10.1111/jac.70035

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Large and small boll cotton had similar boll volume and dry matter trends but different growth and accumulation rates under both irrigation conditions.
Observation Under well-watered irrigation, large boll cotton accumulated 29.17% more dry matter per boll than small boll cotton at 42 DPA.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton boll dry matter accumulation.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 20.45%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 3.24%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 16.76%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 2.81%.
Observation Small boll cotton had 36.28% more harvestable bolls per plant than large boll cotton under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton lint yield was 1042.45 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Observation Small boll cotton seed cotton yield was 2459.67 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton fibre length and strength, with a greater effect in large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased cottonseed relative protein content of cottonseed.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased cottonseed relative oil content.
Observation Small boll cotton seeds had higher germination potential than large boll seeds under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton required less dry matter accumulation for boll maturation than large boll cotton.
Observation Water deficit had a smaller impact on yield and quality of small boll cotton than large boll cotton.
Recommendation The authors conclude small boll cotton is more tolerant of water deficit and may perform better in severe arid areas.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit decreased cottonseed relative oil content.

Taxon: CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: WDe0
Outcome: relative oil contente0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“WD significantly increased the relative protein content of cottonseed but decreased the relative oil content, leading to a decrease in seed vitality.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1759–1908

t0
“Cotton”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–135

Title

Lower Demand for Boll Dry Matter Accumulation and Higher Harvestable Bolls Ensure the Yield and Quality Advantages of Small Boll Cotton Under Water‐Deficit Conditions

Yongchao Han; Honghai Luo; Qian‐Hao Zhu; et al. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2025. doi:10.1111/jac.70035

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Large and small boll cotton had similar boll volume and dry matter trends but different growth and accumulation rates under both irrigation conditions.
Observation Under well-watered irrigation, large boll cotton accumulated 29.17% more dry matter per boll than small boll cotton at 42 DPA.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton boll dry matter accumulation.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 20.45%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 3.24%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 16.76%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 2.81%.
Observation Small boll cotton had 36.28% more harvestable bolls per plant than large boll cotton under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton lint yield was 1042.45 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Observation Small boll cotton seed cotton yield was 2459.67 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton fibre length and strength, with a greater effect in large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased cottonseed relative protein content of cottonseed.
Intervention effect Water deficit decrease cottonseed seed vitality.
Observation Small boll cotton seeds had higher germination potential than large boll seeds under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton required less dry matter accumulation for boll maturation than large boll cotton.
Observation Water deficit had a smaller impact on yield and quality of small boll cotton than large boll cotton.
Recommendation The authors conclude small boll cotton is more tolerant of water deficit and may perform better in severe arid areas.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit increased cottonseed relative protein content of cottonseed.

Taxon: CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: WDe0
Outcome: relative protein content of cottonseede0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“WD significantly increased the relative protein content of cottonseed but decreased the relative oil content, leading to a decrease in seed vitality.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1759–1908

t0
“Cotton”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–135

Title

Lower Demand for Boll Dry Matter Accumulation and Higher Harvestable Bolls Ensure the Yield and Quality Advantages of Small Boll Cotton Under Water‐Deficit Conditions

Yongchao Han; Honghai Luo; Qian‐Hao Zhu; et al. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2025. doi:10.1111/jac.70035

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Large and small boll cotton had similar boll volume and dry matter trends but different growth and accumulation rates under both irrigation conditions.
Observation Under well-watered irrigation, large boll cotton accumulated 29.17% more dry matter per boll than small boll cotton at 42 DPA.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton boll dry matter accumulation.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 20.45%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 3.24%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 16.76%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 2.81%.
Observation Small boll cotton had 36.28% more harvestable bolls per plant than large boll cotton under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton lint yield was 1042.45 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Observation Small boll cotton seed cotton yield was 2459.67 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton fibre length and strength, with a greater effect in large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased cottonseed relative oil content.
Intervention effect Water deficit decrease cottonseed seed vitality.
Observation Small boll cotton seeds had higher germination potential than large boll seeds under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton required less dry matter accumulation for boll maturation than large boll cotton.
Observation Water deficit had a smaller impact on yield and quality of small boll cotton than large boll cotton.
Recommendation The authors conclude small boll cotton is more tolerant of water deficit and may perform better in severe arid areas.

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“decrease in relative water content”

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wheat 29

bread wheat 16

maize 14

safflower 14

not stated 13

soybean 10

clusterbean 8

chickpea 7

Vicia faba L. 7

cotton 6