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“decrease in A”

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Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

A suitable bag shape can decrease apple dropping in strong wind by decreasing the drag force.

Treatment
suitable shape of bage5
Outcome
dropping apple due to strong winde5
Direction
decreasee5

Verbatim

e5

“Thus, the dropping apple due to strong wind can decrease with the suitable shape of bag to decrease the drag force”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 684–798

Title

1201 Flow around a fruit

Hirono MATSUMOTO; Yoshihiro KUBOTA; Osamu MOCHIZUKI Ryuutai Kougaku Bumon Kouenkai kouen rombunshuu/Ryutai Kogaku Bumon Koenkai koen ronbunshu 2014. doi:10.1299/jsmefed.2014._1201-1_

Other claims from this paper (3)
Associationhypothesisoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

A decrease in maize production may occur next year because of marketing problems faced by smallholders.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
marketing problemse0
Outcome
maize productione0
Direction
decreasee0

Verbatim

e0

“A decrease in maize production may occur next year due to the marketing problems faced by smallholder”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1141–1242

Title

Factors Contributing to Zambia’s 2010 Maize Bumper Harvest

Burke, William J.; Jayne, Thomas S.; Chapoto, Antony; et al. AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA) 2010. doi:10.22004/ag.econ.97034

Other claims from this paper (10)
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

There may be scope to decrease N application rates in a grazing rotation.

Taxon
grasslandt0
Outcome
decrease N application ratese1

Verbatim

t0

“grassland”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 117–126
e1

“there may be scope to decrease N application rates in a grazing rotation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1152–1224

Title

Seasonality of nitrogen uptake, apparent recovery of fertilizer nitrogen and background nitrogen supply in two Irish grassland soils

Paul Murphy; Kay O'Connell; Suzanne L. Watson; et al. Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) 2013

Other claims from this paper (8)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The rapid solidification can be explained by coagulation triggered by a sudden decrease in hydrostatic pressure.

Taxon
Campanula glomerataCampanula glomeratat0
Outcome
coagulatione0
Qualifier
triggered by a sudden decrease in hydrostatic pressuree0

Verbatim

e0

“It can, however, be explained with coagulation being triggered by a sudden decrease in hydrostatic pressure”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 611–718
t0

“Campanula glomerata”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 43–62

Title

Rapid Solidification of Plant Latices from Campanula glomerata Driven by a Sudden Decrease in Hydrostatic Pressure

Arne Langhoff; Astrid Peschel; Christian Leppin; et al. Plants 2025. doi:10.3390/plants14050798

Other claims from this paper (8)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Control trees showed a decrease in tree height in sodic soil.

Taxon
TaxodiumTaxodiumt0
Material
control treese0
Outcome
tree heighte0
Direction
decreasee0
Setting
sodic soile0

Verbatim

t0

“Taxodium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–48
e0

“the control trees maintained little or no growth, and a decrease in tree height in sodic soil”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 907–1000

Title

The Effect of Sodium Chloride on Hybrid Taxodium Selections

Anna Koonce; Edward Bush; David Creech Journal of Environmental Protection 2020. doi:10.4236/jep.2020.115024

Other claims from this paper (4)
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Popcorn hybrids are targeted for a decrease in the levels of several diseases.

Taxon
Popcorne0
Outcome
decrease in the levels of several diseasese5
Direction
decreasee5

Verbatim

e0

“Popcorn lines with genetic resistance to foliar diseases”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–56
e5

“targeting a decrease in the levels of several diseases and higher grain yields and popping expansion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1395–1495

Title

GENETIC MERIT OF POPCORN LINES AND HYBRIDS FOR MULTIPLE FOLIAR DISEASES AND AGRONOMIC PROPERTIES

Juliana Saltires Santos; Yure Pequeno de Souza; Marcelo Vivas; et al. Functional Plant Breeding Journal 2020. doi:10.35418/2526-4117/v2n2a2

Other claims from this paper (6)
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in main galactolipids indicates a decrease of photosynthetic activity in storage tissues of ripening safflower seeds.

Outcome
photosynthetic activity in storage tissuese0
Direction
decreasee0

Verbatim

t0

“SAFFLOWER”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–39
e0

“indicating a decrease of the photosynthetic activity in storage tissues”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 862–933

Title

GLYCEROLIPID EVOLUTION DURING SAFFLOWER SEED FORMATION AND RIPENING

IBTISSEM HAMROUNI; SLIM TOUATI; WISSAL DHIFI; et al. Journal of Food Lipids 2004. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4522.2004.11410.x

Other claims from this paper (6)
Mechanismauthor interpretationreview summarynegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

A distinct decrease in groundwater level is a site-specific factor of oak decline.

Taxon
QuercusQuercuse1
Treatment
a distinct decrease in the groundwater levele4
Outcome
declinee1

Verbatim

e1

“cause decline of widespread European oak ( Quercus ) species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 89–149
e4

“and a distinct decrease in the groundwater level”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1018–1066

Title

Recent advances in cause-effect research on oak decline in Europe.

F. M. Thomas CABI Reviews 2008. doi:10.1079/pavsnnr20083037

Other claims from this paper (15)
Observationobservedreview summarynegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Stress is usually perceived in plants as a decrease in photosynthesis and growth.

Taxon
Plantt0
Treatment
stresse0
Outcome
photosynthesis and growthe0
Direction
decreasee0

Verbatim

t0

“Plant Responses to Drought, Acclimation, and Stress Tolerance”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–61
e0

“the effect of stress is usually perceived as a decrease in photosynthesis and growth”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 26–110

Title

Plant Responses to Drought, Acclimation, and Stress Tolerance

I. Yordanov; V. Velikova; T. Tsonev Photosynthetica 2000. doi:10.1023/a:1007201411474

Other claims from this paper (2)
Mechanismhypothesisreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Ethylene depletion in bioreactors due to aeration is considered a possible reason for the decrease in somatic embryogenesis.

Compound
Ethylenee0
Outcome
decrease in somatic embryogenesise0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“Ethylene depletion from the bioreactors due to aeration is considered as a possible reason for the decrease in somatic embryogenesis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 343–475

Title

Ethylene Impact on Somatic Embryogenesis: Biotechnological Considerations

A. Kuklin Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 1995. doi:10.1080/13102818.1995.10818856

Other claims from this paper (2)
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Managers should expect a short-term decrease in total standing crop after Japanese brome removal.

Taxon
western wheatgrasse1
Outcome
total standing crope7
Direction
decreasee7
Qualifier
short-terme7

Verbatim

e1

“in a western wheatgrass dominated northern mixed grass prairie community”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 477–549
e7

“managers should also expect a short-term decrease in total standing crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1484–1556

Title

Influence of Japanese Brome on Western Wheatgrass Yield

Marshall R. Haferkamp; R. K. Heitschmidt; Michael G. Karl Journal of Range Management 1997. doi:10.2307/4002704

Other claims from this paper (6)
Associationhypothesisoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen fertilizer use that prevents recovery of clover percentage in summer may lead to a long-term decrease in clover content of a sward.

Taxon
cloverTrifoliume2
Treatment
nitrogen fertilizere3
Outcome
clover contente2
Direction
decreasee2

Verbatim

e2

“will lead to a long-term decrease in the clover content of a sward”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 534–600
e3

“the use of nitrogen fertilizer, which prevent a recovery of clover percentage during summer”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 441–532

Title

Growth of grass/clover mixtures during winter

JANE WOLEDGE; VERONICA TEWSON; I. A. DAVIDSON Grass and Forage Science 1990. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1990.tb02199.x

Other claims from this paper (8)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in rubisco activity is most likely due to a decrease in available protein rather than a decrease in the percentage of rubisco activated in vivo.

Taxon
Solanum tuberosumSolanum tuberosume0
Outcome
decrease in activitye6
Qualifier
decrease in available proteine6

Verbatim

e0

“The effect of O/sub 3/ on rubisco activity in Solanum tuberosum L. cv Norland foliage was studied”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–97
e6

“The decrease in activity is most likely due to a decrease in available protein”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 944–1022

Title

Decline of rubisco activity and net photosynthesis in ozone-treated potato foliage. [Solanum tuberosum]

Dann; Eva J. Pell Plant Physiol., Suppl.; (United States) 1987

Other claims from this paper (5)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in nitrate reductase activity is attributed to a decrease in the amount of active enzyme.

Taxon
Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse1
Outcome
decrease in nitrate reductase activitye7
Qualifier
a decrease in the amount of activity enzymee7

Verbatim

e1

“The effect of a temperature close to the freezing point (chilling) on the nitrate reductase system of leaf discs of Cucumis sativus L. cv. Kleine Groene Scherpe was determined in the absence and presence of light”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–212
e7

“The decrease in nitrate reductase activity is attributed to a decrease in the amount of activity enzyme”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1361–1464

Title

Photooxidative inhibition of nitrate reductase during chilling

Niek Bakker; Philip R. Van Hasselt Physiologia Plantarum 1982. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00701.x

Other claims from this paper (7)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in acceptable foliage explains the seasonal decrease in the size at which larvae disperse.

Taxon
A. reticulataAristolochia reticulatae0
Outcome
seasonal decrease in the size at which larvae dispersee1
Qualifier
This decreasee1

Verbatim

e0

“larvae feeding on A. reticulata plants”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 624–662
e1

“This decrease explains the seasonal decrease in the size at which larvae disperse from their original host plant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1052–1164

Title

Host Plant Selection by Battus philenor Butterflies: The Roles of Predation, Nutrition, and Plant Chemistry

Mark D. Rausher Ecological Monographs 1981. doi:10.2307/2937304

Other claims from this paper (13)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A progressive increase and then decrease in apex size of Agropyron repens occurs over several plastochrons.

Taxon
Agropyron repensElymus repenst0
Outcome
progressive increase and then decrease in sizee2
Qualifier
over a period of several plastochronse2

Verbatim

t0

“Growth of the Shoot Apex of Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–56
e2

“A progressive increase and then decrease in size, which occur over a period of several plastochrons”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 248–347

Title

Growth of the Shoot Apex of Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. During Successive Plastochrons

D. L. SMITH; P. G. ROGAN Annals of Botany 1979. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085702

Other claims from this paper (5)
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Phosphorus inhibition of mycorrhizal symbiosis may be associated with a membrane-mediated decrease in root exudation in sorghum.

Taxon
Sorghum vulgare Pers.Sorghum bicolore1
Outcome
phosphorus inhibition of mycorrhizal symbiosise7
Qualifier
membrane‐mediated decrease in root exudatione7

Verbatim

e1

“Sorghum vulgare Pers.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 101–122
e7

“phosphorus inhibition of mycorrhizal symbiosis is associated with a membrane‐mediated decrease in root exudation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1032–1144

Title

ROOT EXUDATION IN RELATION TO SUPPLY OF PHOSPHORUS AND ITS POSSIBLE RELEVANCE TO MYCORRHIZAL FORMATION

M. RATNAYAKE; R. T. LEONARD; J. A. MENGE New Phytologist 1978. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1978.tb01627.x

Other claims from this paper (4)
Recommendationhypothesisoriginal resultmixedbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors judge that replacing diploid by triploid males in presently seeded hop yards will probably decrease yields slightly, offset by the premium for a seedless crop.

Taxon
Hopt0
Treatment
Replacing diploid by triploid malese0
Outcome
decrease yields slightlye0

Verbatim

t0

“Hop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–40
e0

“Replacing diploid by triploid males in presently seeded hop yards will probably decrease yields slightly from lack of seeds”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1509–1632

Title

Use of Triploid Males for Increasing Hop Yields1

Alfred Haunold Crop Science 1975. doi:10.2135/cropsci1975.0011183x001500060026x

Other claims from this paper (14)
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Breaking down the plants artificially before a typhoon is recommended to decrease head vibration.

Taxon
rice plantOryza sativae0
Treatment
break down the plants artificiallye1
Outcome
decrease the vibration of heade1

Verbatim

e0

“Studies on Wind Damage of Rice Plant”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–36
e1

“(3) break down the plants artificially in order to decrease the vibration of head just before the time of a typhoon attack”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2616–2738

Title

Studies on Wind Damage of Rice Plant

Y. TSUBOI; N. HITAKA Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 1966. doi:10.2480/agrmet.21.127

Other claims from this paper (11)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cambial reactivation is preceded by a decrease in density of cambial cell protoplasts and cell wall thickening, but not by cell enlargement.

Taxon
Robinia PseudoacaciaRobinia pseudoacaciat0
Organ / stage
cambial cell protoplastse1
Outcome
density of cambial cell protoplastse1
Direction
decreasee1

Verbatim

t0

“Robinia Pseudoacacia”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–74
e1

“Cambial reactivation (division) is preceded by a decrease in density of cambial cell protoplasts and cell wall thickening but not by cell enlargement”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 78–227

Title

The Cambium and Seasonal Development of the Phloem in Robinia Pseudoacacia

William F. Derr; Ray F. Evert American Journal of Botany 1967. doi:10.2307/2440792

Other claims from this paper (12)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in germination resulted from a secondary dormancy of the embryo.

Taxon
RosaRosat0
Outcome
decrease in germinatione7
Qualifier
imposition of a secondary dormancy of the embryoe7

Verbatim

t0

“The Effect of the Interaction of Temperature with After-Ripening Requirement and Compensating Temperature on Germination of Seed of Five Species of Rosa”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–152
e7

“The decrease in germination resulted from imposition of a secondary dormancy of the embryo”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1223–1313

Title

The Effect of the Interaction of Temperature with After-Ripening Requirement and Compensating Temperature on Germination of Seed of Five Species of Rosa

R. N. Stewart; Peter Semeniuk American Journal of Botany 1965. doi:10.2307/2446598

Other claims from this paper (6)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in fragment number is probably due to an actual loss of fragments.

Taxon
A. cepa and A. fistulosumAllium cepaAllium fistulosume0
Outcome
decrease in numbere3
Qualifier
due to an actual losse3

Verbatim

e0

“The hybrid between A. cepa and A. fistulosum is unusual because of the high frequency of complete pairing, fragmentation, and formation of chromatin bridges”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3–159
e3

“The decrease in number is probably due to an actual loss”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–392

Title

Crossing-Over, Fragmentation, and Formation of New Chromosomes in an Allium Species Hybrid

S. L. Emsweller; H. A. Jones Botanical Gazette 1938. doi:10.1086/334744

Other claims from this paper (12)
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Digestion of fragments in the cytoplasm by enzymes is suggested as an explanation for their decrease.

Taxon
A. cepa and A. fistulosumAllium cepaAllium fistulosume0
Outcome
decrease in numbere3
Qualifier
digestion in the cytoplasm by enzymese4

Verbatim

e0

“The hybrid between A. cepa and A. fistulosum is unusual because of the high frequency of complete pairing, fragmentation, and formation of chromatin bridges”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 3–159
e3

“The decrease in number is probably due to an actual loss”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 336–392
e4

“Their possible digestion in the cytoplasm by enzymes is suggested as an explanation for this”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–486

Title

Crossing-Over, Fragmentation, and Formation of New Chromosomes in an Allium Species Hybrid

S. L. Emsweller; H. A. Jones Botanical Gazette 1938. doi:10.1086/334744

Other claims from this paper (12)
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Endosperm juice of milk-stage maize seeds is presumed to contain a germination-prohibiting substance that changes during desiccation.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage
endosperm juicee7
Compound
germination prohibiting substancee7
Outcome
germinatione7

Verbatim

t0

“Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 28–61
e7

“It is presumed that the endosperm juice of seeds in the milk stage contains a germination prohibiting substance which undergoes a change during the decrease of water in the ripening endosperm or by the artificial desiccation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1253–1477

Title

On the Relation between the Ripening Stages of the Maize-seed and Its Germination

Takuji Koshimizu Shokubutsugaku Zasshi 1936. doi:10.15281/jplantres1887.50.504

Other claims from this paper (9)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The apparent decrease of protein on drying was caused by a change in solubility of non-protein nitrogenous compounds in the solvent.

Taxon
soy beanGlycine maxe0
Outcome
apparent decrease of proteine2
Qualifier
change of solubility of non-protein nitrogenous compounds in the employed solvente2

Verbatim

e0

“The effect of drying upon the nitrogen distribution in the leaf of soy bean was studied”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–87
e2

“apparent decrease of protein was caused by the change of solubility of non-protein nitrogenous compounds in the employed solvent”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 361–489

Title

Studies on the Nutritive Value of Grass Proteins

Makoto Kandatsu; Tadahiko Yasui Eiyo to shokuryo/Eiyo To Shokuryo 1953. doi:10.4327/jsnfs1949.6.68

Other claims from this paper (16)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease of DNA after cold treatment appears to be due to a deficiency of the labile DNA fraction.

Taxon
Trillium erectum and Trillium sessileTrillium sessileTrillium erectume3
Outcome
decrease of DNAe4
Qualifier
deficiency of this labile fraction of DNAe4

Verbatim

e3

“There are at least two types of DNA present in Trillium erectum and Trillium sessile, a stable type associated with gene-bearing regions and a more labile type found in heterochromatic regions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 863–1055
e4

“The decrease of DNA caused by cold treatment appears to be due to a deficiency of this labile fraction of DNA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1166

Title

The Effect of Cold Treatment on the Desoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Content in Cells of Selected Plants and Animals

W. L. Evans CYTOLOGIA 1956. doi:10.1508/cytologia.21.417

Other claims from this paper (4)
Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

The frequency of the heterozygous segment length Lh between x and x+dx is given as the solution of a recurrence equation over self-fertilized generations.

Taxon
plantsViridiplantaee2
Outcome
the frequency (fn(x)dx) in which Lh lies between x and x+dxe4

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e4

“the frequency (fn(x)dx) in which Lh lies between x and x+dx (0<x< x0) is given as the solution of the following equation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 589–709
e2

“the curves showing the decrease of heterozygosis for plants with m pairs of such chromosomes”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1150–1242

Title

Recombination of chromosome segments through continued self-fertilization and the degree of homozygosis to be expected

Moto Kimura The Japanese Journal of Genetics 1951. doi:10.1266/jjg.26.53

Other claims from this paper (5)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The sudden loss of turgor in these plants is explained by a sudden loss of impermeability to osmotically active substances rather than a sudden decrease in their concentration.

Taxon
Mimosa, Dionœa and the Cynareæe1
Outcome
sudden loss of turgore1
Qualifier
a sudden loss of impermeability relatively to the osmotically active substancese2

Verbatim

e1

“such plants as Mimosa, Dionœa and the Cynareæ, where the movement depends on a sudden loss of turgor”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 223–323
e2

“a sudden loss of impermeability relatively to the osmotically active substances. The latter explanation is almost certainly the correct one”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 483–622

Title

The significance of changes in the permeability of the plasma membrane of the living cell in the processes of stimulation and contraction

R. S. Lillie Experimental Biology and Medicine 1908. doi:10.3181/00379727-6-25

Other claims from this paper (3)

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