Abstract
Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var Mwezi Moja) were grown in the field under two irrigation levels (irrigated and rainfed), two nitrogen levels (no fertiliser and 100 kg N ha−1) and two planting densities (22 and 44 plants m−2) at Sonning (UK) and Kabete (Kenya). The crop duration in the three experiments was 114 days in Sonning, 95 days in K1 and 73 days in K2. Irrigation increased total dry matter early in the season at Sonning but had no effect at Kabete experiments because of high rainfall in K1 and ‘ineffective’ irrigation in the drier K2 where most of the water was lost through evaporation.Total above ground dry matter (TDM) production at Sonning was higher than at Kabete in the wet season (K1 experiment) despite very similar weather conditions. Total dry matter and seed yields were lowest in the dry season Kabete experiment (K2). Nitrogen increased TDM at Sonning and K1 experiments but not in K2. High planting density increased TDM in all the experiments, and bean planting density response was most sensitive early in the growing season when plant competition for resources like light, water and nitrogen did not limit growth. Average seed yields were highest at Sonning (332 g m−2) and least in the K2 experiment (130 gm−2). Irrigation did not affect seed yield in any of the experiments. Application of N increase seed yield at Sonning and K1 but not in K2 experiment. High planting density increased seed yield at Sonning. Irrigation did not have a significant effect on Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) interception in the three experiments. The dominant treatment effects on PAR interception were the nitrogen-density interaction at Sonning and K1. Neither N fertiliser nor planting density had a significant effect on PAR interception in K2. The leaf area index (LAI) and its duration mainly influenced radiation interception, and was the largest contributor to differences between treatments and experiments in radiation interception and hence TDM production and ultimately seed yields. The differences in seed yield among the three experiments was explained by differences in the number of seeds per plant and seed weight while the seed filling duration accounted for the differences in final hundred weight. Nitrogen fertiliser increased TDM production if water was not limiting while high planting density increased TDM if water and N were not limiting. A key to bean production improvement is establishment of a substantial LAI that is durable through the reproductive phase.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Crop duration was 114 days at Sonning.
Verbatim
e0“The crop duration in the three experiments was 114 days in Sonning, 95 days in K1 and 73 days in K2.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop duration was 95 days in K1.
Verbatim
e0“The crop duration in the three experiments was 114 days in Sonning, 95 days in K1 and 73 days in K2.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop duration was 73 days in K2.
Verbatim
e0“The crop duration in the three experiments was 114 days in Sonning, 95 days in K1 and 73 days in K2.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation raised early dry matter at Sonning.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation increased total dry matter early in the season at Sonning but had no effect at Kabete experiments”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation had no dry matter effect at Kabete.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation increased total dry matter early in the season at Sonning but had no effect at Kabete experiments”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Aboveground dry matter was higher at Sonning than wet-season Kabete.
Verbatim
e0“Total above ground dry matter (TDM) production at Sonning was higher than at Kabete in the wet season (K1 experiment)”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
K2 had the lowest dry matter and seed yields.
Verbatim
e0“Total dry matter and seed yields were lowest in the dry season Kabete experiment (K2).”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased dry matter at Sonning and K1.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased TDM at Sonning and K1 experiments but not in K2.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen did not increase dry matter in K2.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen increased TDM at Sonning and K1 experiments but not in K2.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
High planting density increased dry matter in all experiments.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High planting density increased TDM in all the experiments”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Density response was strongest early in the growing season.
Verbatim
e0“bean planting density response was most sensitive early in the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Sonning had average seed yield of 332 g m−2.
Verbatim
e0“Average seed yields were highest at Sonning (332 g m−2) and least in the K2 experiment (130 gm−2).”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
K2 had average seed yield of 130 gm−2.
Verbatim
e0“Average seed yields were highest at Sonning (332 g m−2) and least in the K2 experiment (130 gm−2).”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation did not affect seed yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation did not affect seed yield in any of the experiments.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen raised seed yield at Sonning and K1, but not K2.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Application of N increase seed yield at Sonning and K1 but not in K2 experiment.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
High density raised seed yield at Sonning.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“High planting density increased seed yield at Sonning.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation did not significantly affect PAR interception.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Outcome
- Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) interceptione0
- Direction
- did not havee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation did not have a significant effect on Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) interception in the three experiments.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and density interaction dominated PAR interception at Sonning and K1.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The dominant treatment effects on PAR interception were the nitrogen-density interaction at Sonning and K1.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither nitrogen nor density significantly affected PAR interception at K2.
- Taxon
- Beant0
- Treatment
- N fertiliser nor planting densitye0
- Outcome
- PAR interceptione0
- Direction
- Neithere0
- Setting
- K2e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Neither N fertiliser nor planting density had a significant effect on PAR interception in K2.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area index and duration mainly influenced radiation interception, dry matter and seed yield.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf area index (LAI) and its duration mainly influenced radiation interception, and was the largest contributor to differences between treatments and experiments in radiation interception and hence TDM production and ultimately seed yields.”
t0“Bean Growth and Yield Response”
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See all 122 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.