Abstract
SummaryThe effects of the application of a novel calcium paste (CRH) [a 2:6:1 (w/w/w) kneaded mixture of calcium sulphate, ground rice bran, and humic acid] as a seed coating on the growth, gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents, and activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and nitrate reductase (NR) in the leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings grown under 120 mM NaCl saline stress were studied. Two greenhouse experiments were performed, each over 5 weeks, in a completely randomised design with four treatments [control (seeds not treated with CRH or NaCl); or seeds treated with 120 mM NaCl; CRH; or 120 mM NaCl + CRH] were applied with four replicates. The results indicated that NaCl stress significantly reduced plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigment levels, ascorbic acid (AsA), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) contents, and the Ca:Na ratio. The activities of CA and NR, and the content of GA3 were also decreased by 120 mM NaCl. In contrast, the free proline, sodium ion (Na+), and ABA contents of leaves were increased by 120 mM NaCl. However, the application of CRH to seeds prior to sowing mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl stress on bean seedlings and improved their growth characteristics, as well as leaf contents of photosynthetic pigments, AsA, free proline, N, and Ca. Ca:Na ratios, and CA and NR enzyme activities were also enhanced by CRH, while Na+ ion and ABA levels were reduced. This study highlights the potential ameliorative effects of CRH in mitigating the phytotoxicity of NaCl stress in seeds and growing seedlings. We recommend using CRH as a seed coating to enhance the early stages of plant growth in saline soils.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress reduced bean growth.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that NaCl stress significantly reduced plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigment levels, ascorbic acid (AsA), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) contents, and the Ca:Na ratio.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress reduced bean photosynthetic pigments.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that NaCl stress significantly reduced plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigment levels, ascorbic acid (AsA), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) contents, and the Ca:Na ratio.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress reduced bean ascorbic acid.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that NaCl stress significantly reduced plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigment levels, ascorbic acid (AsA), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) contents, and the Ca:Na ratio.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress reduced bean nitrogen.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that NaCl stress significantly reduced plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigment levels, ascorbic acid (AsA), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) contents, and the Ca:Na ratio.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress reduced bean calcium.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that NaCl stress significantly reduced plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigment levels, ascorbic acid (AsA), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) contents, and the Ca:Na ratio.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress reduced bean Ca:Na ratio.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that NaCl stress significantly reduced plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigment levels, ascorbic acid (AsA), nitrogen (N), and calcium (Ca) contents, and the Ca:Na ratio.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased bean activities of CA.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The activities of CA and NR, and the content of GA3 were also decreased by 120 mM NaCl.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased bean NR.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The activities of CA and NR, and the content of GA3 were also decreased by 120 mM NaCl.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased bean content of GA3.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“The activities of CA and NR, and the content of GA3 were also decreased by 120 mM NaCl.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased bean leaf free proline.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, the free proline, sodium ion (Na+), and ABA contents of leaves were increased by 120 mM NaCl.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased bean leaf sodium ion (Na+).
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, the free proline, sodium ion (Na+), and ABA contents of leaves were increased by 120 mM NaCl.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased bean leaf ABA contents.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, the free proline, sodium ion (Na+), and ABA contents of leaves were increased by 120 mM NaCl.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CRH improved bean growth characteristics under salt stress.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- application of CRH to seeds prior to sowinge0
- Outcome
- growth characteristicse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of CRH to seeds prior to sowing mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl stress on bean seedlings and improved their growth characteristics, as well as leaf contents of photosynthetic pigments, AsA, free proline, N, and Ca.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CRH improved bean photosynthetic pigments under salt stress.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- application of CRH to seeds prior to sowinge0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of CRH to seeds prior to sowing mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl stress on bean seedlings and improved their growth characteristics, as well as leaf contents of photosynthetic pigments, AsA, free proline, N, and Ca.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CRH improved bean AsA under salt stress.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of CRH to seeds prior to sowing mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl stress on bean seedlings and improved their growth characteristics, as well as leaf contents of photosynthetic pigments, AsA, free proline, N, and Ca.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CRH improved bean free proline under salt stress.
- Taxon
- beant0
- Treatment
- application of CRH to seeds prior to sowinge0
- Outcome
- free prolinee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of CRH to seeds prior to sowing mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl stress on bean seedlings and improved their growth characteristics, as well as leaf contents of photosynthetic pigments, AsA, free proline, N, and Ca.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CRH improved bean N under salt stress.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of CRH to seeds prior to sowing mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl stress on bean seedlings and improved their growth characteristics, as well as leaf contents of photosynthetic pigments, AsA, free proline, N, and Ca.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CRH improved bean Ca under salt stress.
Not reportedGeneComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of CRH to seeds prior to sowing mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl stress on bean seedlings and improved their growth characteristics, as well as leaf contents of photosynthetic pigments, AsA, free proline, N, and Ca.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CRH enhanced bean Ca:Na ratios and CA and NR enzyme activities.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Ca:Na ratios, and CA and NR enzyme activities were also enhanced by CRH, while Na+ ion and ABA levels were reduced.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CRH reduced bean Na+ ion and ABA levels.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Ca:Na ratios, and CA and NR enzyme activities were also enhanced by CRH, while Na+ ion and ABA levels were reduced.”
t0“bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.)”
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See all 71 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.