Abstract
The stresses of salinity and some trace elements along with the mutual relations on plant growth and yield have been well investigated and well documented in the literature. The combined effects of the two factors can be additive, antagonistic or synergistic. A soilless culture experiment was conducted to better understand the combined effects of manganese(Mn) and salinity(NaCl) on cotton growth and yield in a greenhouse at Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences. There were 30 orthogonal tests with six NaCl-levels and five Mn-levels in three random replicates. NaCl was added to solutions to create six NaCl-levels of concentration(0, 5 mmol·L?1, 15 mmol·L?1, 25 mmol·L?1, 35 mmol·L?1, 45 mmol·L?1) to form six electrical conductivities(EC)(2.36 dS·m?1, 2.90 dS·m?1, 3.95 dS·m?1, 5.04 dS·m?1, 6.11 dS·m?1, 7.17 dS·m?1, respectively). The Mn factor was at five levels where MnCl2 was added to solutions to create five Mn-levels of concentration(4.5 μmol·L?1, 9 μmol·L?1, 18 μmol·L?1, 36 μmol·L?1, 72 μmol·L?1). Cotton growth, yield, dry weight and element content were measured. The results showed that salinity inhibited cotton growth but promoted cotton yield when NaCl concentration increased from 15 mmol·L?1to 45 mmol·L?1. Cotton vegetative growth was at the best when NaCl concentration of irrigation water was 15?25 mmol·L?1. Dry weight of cotton roots and shoots decreased with increasing salinity as NaCl concentration of irrigation water increased from 25 mmol·L?1 to 45 mmol·L?1. The maximum growth and yield occurred when Mn concentration was 36 μmol·L?1. Mn and salinity had a significant impact on Na and Mn accumulation in cotton leaf. Salinity promoted Na accumulation but inhibited Mn accumulation in cotton leaves. The contents of Na decreased and Mn increased in cotton leaves when Mn concentration levels in irrigation water increased from 18 μmol·L?1to 72 μmol·L?1. In order to independently compare the effects of salinity and Mn on cotton, growth and yield of cotton were analyzed in a two-way ANOVA analysis using the MATLAB7.6.0.324(R2008a) software. The results showed that there were no significant influences of the interactions between salinity and Mn on cotton growth and yield. Thus the effects of the main treatments on cotton growth and yield could be presented and discussed independently. The Abbott equation was used to analyze the combined effects of Mn and salinity on cotton growth and yield and the results showed a negative relationship between Mn and salinity. In other words, the toxic effects on the growth and yield of cotton were less severe for combined Mn and salinity than the expected effects of the individual factors added together.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity inhibited cotton growth.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- cotton growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- 45 mmol·L?1e0
- Comparator
- 15 mmol·L?1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity inhibited cotton growth but promoted cotton yield when NaCl concentration increased from 15 mmol·L?1to 45 mmol·L?1”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaCl from 15 to 45 mmol·L?1 promoted cotton yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentration increased from 15 mmol·L?1to 45 mmol·L?1e0
- Outcome
- cotton yielde0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- 15 mmol·L?1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity inhibited cotton growth but promoted cotton yield when NaCl concentration increased from 15 mmol·L?1to 45 mmol·L?1”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative growth was best at 15?25 mmol·L?1 NaCl in irrigation water.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentration of irrigation water was 15?25 mmol·L?1e0
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotton vegetative growth was at the best when NaCl concentration of irrigation water was 15?25 mmol·L?1”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot dry weight decreased as NaCl rose from 25 to 45 mmol·L?1.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentration of irrigation water increased from 25 mmol·L?1 to 45 mmol·L?1e0
- Outcome
- Dry weight of cotton roots and shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 25 mmol·L?1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry weight of cotton roots and shoots decreased with increasing salinity as NaCl concentration of irrigation water increased from 25 mmol·L?1 to 45 mmol·L?1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton growth and yield were maximal at 36 μmol·L?1 Mn.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Mn concentration was 36 μmol·L?1e0
- Outcome
- maximum growth and yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum growth and yield occurred when Mn concentration was 36 μmol·L?1”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn and salinity significantly affected Na and Mn accumulation in cotton leaves.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Mn and salinitye0
- Outcome
- Na and Mn accumulation in cotton leafe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mn and salinity had a significant impact on Na and Mn accumulation in cotton leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity promoted Na accumulation in cotton leaves.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- cotton leavese0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- Na accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity promoted Na accumulation but inhibited Mn accumulation in cotton leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity inhibited Mn accumulation in cotton leaves.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- cotton leavese0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- Mn accumulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity promoted Na accumulation but inhibited Mn accumulation in cotton leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Na content decreased as irrigation Mn rose from 18 to 72 μmol·L?1.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Mn concentration levels in irrigation water increased from 18 μmol·L?1to 72 μmol·L?1e0
- Outcome
- contents of Nae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 18 μmol·L?1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of Na decreased and Mn increased in cotton leaves when Mn concentration levels in irrigation water increased from 18 μmol·L?1to 72 μmol·L?1”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Mn content increased as irrigation Mn rose from 18 to 72 μmol·L?1.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Mn concentration levels in irrigation water increased from 18 μmol·L?1to 72 μmol·L?1e0
- Outcome
- Mne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 18 μmol·L?1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of Na decreased and Mn increased in cotton leaves when Mn concentration levels in irrigation water increased from 18 μmol·L?1to 72 μmol·L?1”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and Mn interaction did not significantly influence cotton growth and yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- interactions between salinity and Mne0
- Outcome
- cotton growth and yielde0
- Direction
- no significant influencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no significant influences of the interactions between salinity and Mn on cotton growth and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Mn and salinity had less severe toxic effects on cotton growth and yield than the sum expected from each factor.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- combined Mn and salinitye0
- Outcome
- toxic effects on the growth and yield of cottone0
- Direction
- less severee0
- Comparator
- individual factors added togethere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the toxic effects on the growth and yield of cotton were less severe for combined Mn and salinity than the expected effects of the individual factors added together”
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