Abstract
Combinations of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, ReTain) and NAA gave better control of fruit drop of `Golden Delicious' than either alone. When the full rate of ReTain (50 g/A) was compared to a reduced rate of ReTain (86 g/ha) plus NAA, equivalent control of fruit drop of `Golden Delicious' resulted. ReTain delayed softening and starch depletion of `Golden Delicious' fruit. NAA in some cases promoted earlier fruit maturity; but when used in combination with ReTain, maturity was similar to ReTain-treated fruit. Fruit with the highest firmness and starch came out of cold storage in the best condition. Neither 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP, EthylBloc) or NAA inhibited fruit drop of `Golden Delicious' fruit when applied at harvest; but previous ReTain and NAA data indicate that late applications are frequently much less effective than if applied 4 weeks before harvest. Ethephon spray treatments caused more rapid and extensive fruit drop than the control. Trees gassed or sprayed with EthylBloc before ethephon sprays also dropped rapidly. `Golden Delicious' fruit on the tree were dramatically maintained firmer by the EthylBloc gas, and to a lesser extent by EthylBloc sprays by 19.1 N and 10.2 N firmness, respectively, tested on 28 Oct. Starch was maintained by the EthylBloc gas, but not by the sprays. These data indicated that EthylBloc applied as a gas or spray did have a physiological affect but did not control fruit drop. Fruit diameter, soluble solids and color did not appear to be affected. Further study of earlier applications of EthylBloc or combinations with fruit drop control agents may be needed to get fruit drop control. NAA plus Silwet L-77 inhibited fruit drop of `Law Rome', but none of the EthylBloc sprays inhibited fruit drop when applied at harvest. Previous data with ReTain and NAA indicated that late applications are frequently much less effective than if applied 4 weeks before harvest. EthylBloc sprays applied 21 Oct. dramatically maintained fruit firmness tested on 3 Nov. Starch was not maintained by the EthylBloc gas, but starch had almost disappeared by the application time on 21 Oct. Fruit diameter, soluble solids, and color did not appear to be affected. Further study of earlier applications of EthylBloc may be needed to demonstrate fruit drop control. Shading trees with 92% polypropylene shade material for 3 or 7 days caused more rapid fruit abscission at 7 days than 3 days and both were greater than the control.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
AVG and NAA together improved Golden Delicious fruit-drop control over either alone.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- `Golden Delicious'e0
- Treatment
- Combinations of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, ReTain) and NAAe0
- Outcome
- control of fruit drope0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- either alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combinations of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, ReTain) and NAA gave better control of fruit drop of `Golden Delicious' than either alone.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Full-rate ReTain and reduced-rate ReTain plus NAA gave equivalent fruit-drop control.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Golden Delicious'e0
- Treatment
- full rate of ReTain (50 g/A)e0
- Outcome
- control of fruit drope0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- reduced rate of ReTain (86 g/ha) plus NAAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the full rate of ReTain (50 g/A) was compared to a reduced rate of ReTain (86 g/ha) plus NAA, equivalent control of fruit drop of `Golden Delicious' resulted.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
ReTain delayed Golden Delicious fruit softening and starch depletion.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Golden Delicious'e0
- Treatment
- ReTaine0
- Outcome
- softening and starch depletione0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ReTain delayed softening and starch depletion of `Golden Delicious' fruit.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA sometimes promoted earlier fruit maturity.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- fruit maturitye0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Qualifier
- in some casese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA in some cases promoted earlier fruit maturity; but when used in combination with ReTain, maturity was similar to ReTain-treated fruit.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA with ReTain produced maturity similar to ReTain alone.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- combination with ReTaine0
- Outcome
- maturitye0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- ReTain-treated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA in some cases promoted earlier fruit maturity; but when used in combination with ReTain, maturity was similar to ReTain-treated fruit.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit with the highest firmness and starch were in the best condition after cold storage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- best conditione0
- Direction
- beste0
- Comparator
- highest firmness and starche0
- Setting
- cold storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit with the highest firmness and starch came out of cold storage in the best condition.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest-time EthylBloc or NAA did not inhibit Golden Delicious fruit drop.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Golden Delicious'e0
- Treatment
- 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP, EthylBloc) or NAAe0
- Outcome
- fruit drope0
- Direction
- Neithere0
- Qualifier
- at harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP, EthylBloc) or NAA inhibited fruit drop of `Golden Delicious' fruit when applied at harvest;”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon caused faster and greater fruit drop than control.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ethephon spray treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit drope0
- Direction
- more rapid and extensivee0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon spray treatments caused more rapid and extensive fruit drop than the control.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
EthylBloc pretreatment did not prevent rapid drop after ethephon.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- gassed or sprayed with EthylBloc before ethephon sprayse0
- Outcome
- dropped rapidlye0
- Direction
- rapidlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trees gassed or sprayed with EthylBloc before ethephon sprays also dropped rapidly.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
EthylBloc gas maintained Golden Delicious firmness by 19.1 N.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Golden Delicious'e0
- Treatment
- EthylBloc gase0
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- firmere0
- Value
- 19.1 Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`Golden Delicious' fruit on the tree were dramatically maintained firmer by the EthylBloc gas, and to a lesser extent by EthylBloc sprays by 19.1 N and 10.2 N firmness, respectively, tested on 28 Oct.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
EthylBloc spray maintained Golden Delicious firmness by 10.2 N.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Golden Delicious'e0
- Treatment
- EthylBloc sprayse0
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- firmere0
- Value
- 10.2 Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“`Golden Delicious' fruit on the tree were dramatically maintained firmer by the EthylBloc gas, and to a lesser extent by EthylBloc sprays by 19.1 N and 10.2 N firmness, respectively, tested on 28 Oct.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
EthylBloc gas maintained starch, but spray did not.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- EthylBloc gase0
- Outcome
- Starche0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Comparator
- the sprayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Starch was maintained by the EthylBloc gas, but not by the sprays.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA plus Silwet L-77 inhibited Law Rome fruit drop.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Law Rome'e0
- Treatment
- NAA plus Silwet L-77e0
- Outcome
- fruit drope0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA plus Silwet L-77 inhibited fruit drop of `Law Rome', but none of the EthylBloc sprays inhibited fruit drop when applied at harvest.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest-time EthylBloc spray did not inhibit Law Rome fruit drop.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- `Law Rome'e0
- Treatment
- EthylBloc sprayse0
- Outcome
- fruit drope0
- Direction
- nonee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAA plus Silwet L-77 inhibited fruit drop of `Law Rome', but none of the EthylBloc sprays inhibited fruit drop when applied at harvest.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
EthylBloc sprays maintained Law Rome fruit firmness.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- EthylBloc sprays applied 21 Oct.e0
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EthylBloc sprays applied 21 Oct. dramatically maintained fruit firmness tested on 3 Nov.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
EthylBloc gas did not maintain Law Rome starch.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- EthylBloc gase0
- Outcome
- Starche0
- Direction
- not maintainede0
- Qualifier
- starch had almost disappeared by the application time on 21 Oct.e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Starch was not maintained by the EthylBloc gas, but starch had almost disappeared by the application time on 21 Oct.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer shading increased fruit abscission relative to shorter shading and control.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Shading trees with 92% polypropylene shade material for 3 or 7 dayse0
- Outcome
- fruit abscissione0
- Direction
- more rapide0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shading trees with 92% polypropylene shade material for 3 or 7 days caused more rapid fruit abscission at 7 days than 3 days and both were greater than the control.”
t0“Apples”
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