Efficacy of sources and application mode of micronutrients on dry matter accumulation, productivity of wheat and residual organic carbon status in sandy loam soil

Abstract

The application of NPK for crop production is not quite enough for higher and quality crop production as well as soil health so balance fertilization with combination of macro and micronutrients application is much important. Selection of suitable nutrient sources, quantity, method and time of application are equally important to get higher yield with maintaining soil quality and environment. Considering this point, a field experiment was conducted following the 4R Nutrient Stewardship to evaluate the effect of different sources of micronutrients (Zn, Mn and B) fertilizers and their mode of application along with NPK on wheat crop during rabi season of 2017–18 and 2018–19 at the Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. The maximum dry matter accumulation at each sampling interval was found with RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP+ MnSO4+ Colemanite with the highest grain (4.25 t ha-1), straw (5.89 t ha-1) and biological yield (10.14 t ha-1), followed by RDF + foliar application of Zn HEDP + EDTA Mn + DOT. The application of RDF + foliar application of Zn HEDP + EDTA Mn + DOT resulted in a highest harvest index (HI) 42.18. Organic carbon, essential factor for soil conservation was also maximum with application of RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP + MnSO4 + Colemanite during both years while. The foliar application of any single micronutrient with RDF improved the parameters considerably over RDF.

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Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil Zn HEDP, MnSO4 and Colemanite with RDF gave maximum wheat dry matter accumulation.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP+ MnSO4+ Colemanitee1
Outcome: dry matter accumulatione1
Direction: maximume1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Triticum aestivum* · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“wheat crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 628–638 · show in text ↑

e1
“maximum dry matter accumulation at each sampling interval was found with RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP+ MnSO4+ Colemanite”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 811–936 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same soil application gave the highest grain yield, 4.25 t ha-1.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP+ MnSO4+ Colemanitee1
Outcome: graine1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 4.25 t ha-1e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“wheat crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 628–638 · show in text ↑

e1
“RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP+ MnSO4+ Colemanite with the highest grain (4.25 t ha-1), straw (5.89 t ha-1) and biological yield (10.14 t ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 884–1030 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same soil application gave the highest straw yield, 5.89 t ha-1.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP+ MnSO4+ Colemanitee1
Outcome: strawe1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 5.89 t ha-1e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“wheat crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 628–638 · show in text ↑

e1
“RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP+ MnSO4+ Colemanite with the highest grain (4.25 t ha-1), straw (5.89 t ha-1) and biological yield (10.14 t ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 884–1030 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same soil application gave the highest biological yield, 10.14 t ha-1.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP+ MnSO4+ Colemanitee1
Outcome: biological yielde1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 10.14 t ha-1e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“wheat crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 628–638 · show in text ↑

e1
“RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP+ MnSO4+ Colemanite with the highest grain (4.25 t ha-1), straw (5.89 t ha-1) and biological yield (10.14 t ha-1)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 884–1030 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar Zn HEDP, EDTA Mn and DOT with RDF gave the highest harvest index, 42.18.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: RDF + foliar application of Zn HEDP + EDTA Mn + DOTe1
Outcome: harvest indexe1
Direction: higheste1
Value: 42.18e1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“wheat crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 628–638 · show in text ↑

e1
“RDF + foliar application of Zn HEDP + EDTA Mn + DOT resulted in a highest harvest index (HI) 42.18”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1116–1214 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil Zn HEDP, MnSO4 and Colemanite with RDF gave maximum soil organic carbon in both years.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP + MnSO4 + Colemanitee1
Outcome: Organic carbone1
Direction: maximume1
Qualifier: during both yearse1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“wheat crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 628–638 · show in text ↑

e1
“Organic carbon, essential factor for soil conservation was also maximum with application of RDF + soil application of Zn HEDP + MnSO4 + Colemanite during both years”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1216–1380 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar application of any single micronutrient with RDF improved the measured parameters over RDF alone.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: foliar application of any single micronutrient with RDFe1
Outcome: parameterse1
Direction: improvede1
Comparator: RDFe1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“wheat crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 628–638 · show in text ↑

e1
“foliar application of any single micronutrient with RDF improved the parameters considerably over RDF”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1392–1493 · show in text ↑

zinc atom · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

14 papers: 11 positive, 3 negative or no effect

10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

no effect
Zinc supply did not change soil pH at any sulfur rate.
Interaction Effect of Zinc and Elemental Sulfur on Their Uptake by Spring Wheat · 2005
Opposite direction
negative
Zn application decreased available P.
Phosphorus, zinc and organic matter interaction in relation to uptake, tissue concentration and absorption rate of phosphorus in wheat · 1995
Opposite direction
no effect
Phosphorus and zinc levels did not significantly change measured soil properties.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on Wheat Yield, Nutrient Uptake, Quality and Post Harvest Soil Fertility Status · 2025
Opposite direction

10 papers more in this group

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manganese atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

65 papers: 61 positive, 4 negative or no effect

60 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

no effect
Applications of multiple nutrients did not significantly increase wheat yield.
Evidence for the involvement of the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei in wheat yield decline in northern New South Wales · 1987
Opposite direction
no effect
Micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) had no significant effect on wheat yield.
Maximizing wheat yield through integrated use of farmyard manure and fertilizers · 2016
Opposite direction
no effect
Neither nitrogen nor manganese fertilisation changed the wheat grain yield.
Mycotoxin Level in Winter Wheat Grain as Impacted by Nitrogen and Manganese Fertilisation · 2023
Opposite direction

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zinc atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

511 papers: 456 positive, 55 negative or no effect

455 papers in the same direction as this paper · 49 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Zinc application yielded hardly any benefit.
Landscape positions dictating crop fertilizer responses in wheat-based farming systems of East African Highlands · 2020
Opposite direction
negative
Zinc inhibited non mycorrhizal wheat root dry yield.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal strategy for zinc mycoremediation and diminished translocation to shoots and grains in wheat · 2017
Opposite direction
no effect
Foliar Zn had no significant effect on wheat grain yield.
Foliar zinc fertilization improves the zinc nutritional value of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain · 2011
Opposite direction

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ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

6 papers: 5 positive, 1 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

negative
At 8 mmol kg−1 EDTA, Auqab-2000 had significantly lower biomass yield than Inqalab-91.
Effect of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on Growth and Phytoremediative Ability of Two Wheat Varieties · 2010 · compared with Inqalab-91
Opposite direction
positive
Seed soaking in Cu EDTA increased wheat seed yield.
Effectiveness of seed-soaked Cu, autumn- versus spring-applied Cu, and Cu-treated P fertilizer on seed yield of wheat and residual nitrate-N for a Cu-deficient soil · 2009
Same direction
positive
At each harvest, chlorophyll production was higher with cadmium plus EDTA.
Metal Uptake, Growth Responses, and Chlorophyll Production of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) Exposed at Different Durations to Chelate-Amended Cadmium-Contaminated Soils · 2016
Same direction

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etidronic acid · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
T11 gave maximum growth and yield attributes.
Response of bread wheat and nutrient removal with new micronutrient molecules fertilization · 2021
Same direction
positive
Zn HEDP treatment gave the maximum grain yield in wheat.
Role of Chelated Micronutrient and their Salts for Improving Crop Production of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) · 2017
Same direction

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application · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

8 papers: 6 positive, 2 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

no effect
Soaking and germination did not alter optimal phytase pH or temperature.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTASES FROM CEREAL GRAINS AS AFFECTED BY SOAKING AND GERMINATION PROCESSES AND SOME METALS IONS · 2008
Opposite direction
no effect
Foliar or basal micronutrients did not significantly alter soil pH, organic carbon or electrical conductivity.
Influence of Zinc, Iron and Manganese Applications on Soil Properties, Protein Content and Sedimentation Value of Wheat · 2023
Opposite direction
positive
Humic acid soaking decreased root and leaf lixivium electrical conductivity.
Effect of Seed Soaking with Humic Acid on Soluble Sugar Accumulation and Allocation in Germinated Wheat Seed under Salt Stress · 2012
Same direction

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fertilization · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

214 papers: 190 positive, 24 negative or no effect

189 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Long-term nitrogen fertilization significantly lowered surface soil pH, especially at higher rates.
Soil Acidification from Long-Term Use of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Winter Wheat · 2011
Opposite direction
no effect
Compost did not affect available soil P.
Responses of Wheat Yield, Macro- and Micro-Nutrients, and Heavy Metals in Soil and Wheat following the Application of Manure Compost on the North China Plain · 2016
Opposite direction
negative
Inorganic fertilizer application at the rates used did not maintain wheat crop yield and SOC levels.
Using the DSSAT model to simulate wheat yield and soil organic carbon under a wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain · 2017
Opposite direction

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application · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

877 papers: 795 positive, 82 negative or no effect

794 papers in the same direction as this paper · 75 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

no effect
Foliar N applications showed no consistent increase or decrease in grain yield, straw yield or straw N.
Influence of Late‐Season Foliar Nitrogen Applications on Yield and Grain Nitrogen in Winter Wheat · 2002
Opposite direction
negative
Boot-stage foliar N significantly reduced grain yield of hard red spring wheat by 5%.
Foliar Nitrogen Application Timing Influence on Grain Yield and Protein Concentration of Hard Red Winter and Spring Wheat · 2003
Opposite direction
no effect
soil application of Fe-EDDHA did not significantly affect wheat dry matter yield.
Interaction of Iron with Copper, Zinc, and Manganese in Wheat as Affected by Iron and Manganese in a Calcareous Soil · 2008
Opposite direction

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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 7

The same questions in other papers

zinc atom · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

manganese atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

zinc atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

etidronic acid · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

application · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

fertilization · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

application · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results