Abstract
A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years with the aim to quantify the role of different nutrient management variables such as microbial inoculation, zinc (Zn) fertilization and optimal and sub-optimal fertilization of nitrogen and phosphorus on the energetic and nutritional status of the rice–wheat cropping system (RWCS). The said nutrient management variables were applied over six different crop establishment methods (CEMs) in RWCS viz. puddled transplanted rice (PTR), system of rice intensification (SRI) and aerobic rice system (ARS) in rice and conventional drill-sown wheat (CDW), system of wheat intensification (SWI) and zero-tillage wheat (ZTW) in wheat. Two microbial consortia viz. Anabaena sp. (CR1) + Providencia sp. (PR3) consortia (MC1) and Anabaena-Pseudomonas biofilmed formulations (MC2) were used in this study, while recommended dose of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (RDN) (120 kg N ha−1 and 25.8 kg P ha−1), 75% RDN and Zn fertilization (soil applied 5 kg Zn ha−1 through zinc sulphate heptahydrate) were the other variables. The contribution of microbial consortia, Zn fertilization and RDN (over 75% RDN) to net energy production of RWCS was 12.9–16.1 × 103 MJ ha−1, 10.1–11.0 × 103 MJ ha−1 and 11.7–15.3 × 103 MJ ha−1. Among the CEMs, the highest gross and net energy production was recorded in ARS–ZTW with lowest energy required for production of one tonne of system yield (2366–2523 MJ). The system protein yield varies from 494.1 to 957.7 kg ha−1 with highest protein yield in 75% RDN + MC2 + Zn applied ARS–ZTW. Among micronutrients, the uptake of Zn and iron (Fe) is sensitive to all studied variables, while manganese (Mn) and cupper (Cu) uptake was found significantly affected by CEMs alone. The combination of 75% RDN + MC2 + Zn in ARS–ZTW was found superior in all respects with 288.3 and 286.9 MJ ha−1 net energy production and 2320 and 2473 MJ energy required for production of one tonne system yield in the first and second year of study, respectively.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial consortia increased net energy production.
- Taxon
- Rice and Wheat
Oryza sativa
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- microbial consortiae0
- Outcome
- net energy production of RWCSe0
- Value
- 12.9–16.1 × 103 MJ ha−1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contribution of microbial consortia, Zn fertilization and RDN (over 75% RDN) to net energy production of RWCS was 12.9–16.1 × 103 MJ ha−1, 10.1–11.0 × 103 MJ ha−1 and 11.7–15.3 × 103 MJ ha−1.”
t0“Rice and Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization contributed 10.1–11.0 × 103 MJ ha−1 of net energy.
- Taxon
- Rice and WheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- net energy production of RWCSe0
- Value
- 10.1–11.0 × 103 MJ ha−1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contribution of microbial consortia, Zn fertilization and RDN (over 75% RDN) to net energy production of RWCS was 12.9–16.1 × 103 MJ ha−1, 10.1–11.0 × 103 MJ ha−1 and 11.7–15.3 × 103 MJ ha−1.”
t0“Rice and Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
RDN over 75% RDN contributed 11.7–15.3 × 103 MJ ha−1 of net energy.
- Taxon
- Rice and WheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- RDNe0
- Outcome
- net energy production of RWCSe0
- Value
- 11.7–15.3 × 103 MJ ha−1e0
- Comparator
- 75% RDNe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contribution of microbial consortia, Zn fertilization and RDN (over 75% RDN) to net energy production of RWCS was 12.9–16.1 × 103 MJ ha−1, 10.1–11.0 × 103 MJ ha−1 and 11.7–15.3 × 103 MJ ha−1.”
t0“Rice and Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ARS–ZTW had the highest gross and net energy production.
- Taxon
- Rice and WheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ARS–ZTWe0
- Outcome
- gross and net energy productione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest gross and net energy production was recorded in ARS–ZTW”
t0“Rice and Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
ARS–ZTW required the least energy per tonne of system yield.
- Taxon
- Rice and WheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ARS–ZTWe0
- Outcome
- energy required for production of one tonne of system yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2366–2523 MJe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ARS–ZTW with lowest energy required for production of one tonne of system yield (2366–2523 MJ)”
t0“Rice and Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
System protein yield ranged from 494.1 to 957.7 kg ha−1.
- Taxon
- Rice and WheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- system protein yielde0
- Value
- 494.1 to 957.7 kg ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The system protein yield varies from 494.1 to 957.7 kg ha−1”
t0“Rice and Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest protein yield occurred with 75% RDN + MC2 + Zn in ARS–ZTW.
- Taxon
- Rice and WheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 75% RDN + MC2 + Zn applied ARS–ZTWe0
- Outcome
- protein yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest protein yield in 75% RDN + MC2 + Zn applied ARS–ZTW”
t0“Rice and Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc and iron uptake were sensitive to all studied variables.
- Taxon
- Rice and WheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all studied variablese0
- Outcome
- uptake of Zn and iron (Fe)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the uptake of Zn and iron (Fe) is sensitive to all studied variables”
t0“Rice and Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Manganese and copper uptake were significantly affected by crop establishment methods alone.
- Taxon
- Rice and WheatOryza sativaTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CEMse0
- Outcome
- manganese (Mn) and cupper (Cu) uptakee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“manganese (Mn) and cupper (Cu) uptake was found significantly affected by CEMs alone.”
t0“Rice and Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
55 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
60 papers more in this group
See all 64 papers →zinc atom · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
388 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
415 papers more in this group
See all 419 papers →zinc atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
455 papers in the same direction as this paper · 49 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
507 papers more in this group
See all 511 papers →zinc atom · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →inoculation · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
381 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
414 papers more in this group
See all 418 papers →inoculation · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
548 papers in the same direction as this paper · 60 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
610 papers more in this group
See all 614 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3,114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
3,434 papers more in this group
See all 3,438 papers →fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
3,451 papers more in this group
See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.