Effect of Class Act NG Adjuvant on Glyphosate Efficacy in Corn

Abstract

There is little information on the effect of the co-application of glyphosate with Class Act NG adjuvant on weed control efficacy and corn yield under Ontario environmental conditions. This study consisted of 6 field experiments that were conducted in Ontario during 2021 and 2022 to determine if the addition of Class Act NG (2.5% v/v) to glyphosate at 450, 900 and 1350 g ae ha-1 would improve weed control and result in a concomitant increase in corn yield. The co-application of glyphosate with Class Act NG resulted in no visible corn injury at 1 and 4 weeks after herbicide application (WAA). The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450 g ae ha-1 improved control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, Powell amaranth, common ragweed, and barnyardgrass as much as 20, 14, 9, 8, and 7%, respectively but there was no improvement in control of giant foxtail , or green foxtail and there was no increase in corn yield. The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 900 g ae ha-1 improved common lambsquarters control 6 and 5% at 4 and 8 WAA, respectively and improved barnyardgrass control 4% at 4 WAA. The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 1350 g ae ha-1 provided no improvement in control of velvetleaf, Powell amaranth, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, barnyardgrass, giant foxtail, or green foxtail and there was no increase in corn yield. Based on this data the co-application of glyphosate with Class Act NG results in improved control of some annual broadleaf and grass weeds (common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, Powell amaranth, common ragweed and barnyardgrass) when glyphosate is applied at 450 or 900 g ae ha-1; however, when glyphosate is applied at 1350 g ae ha-1 there was no improvement in weed control. The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450, 900 and 1350 g ae ha-1 did not result in an increase in corn yield.

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Claims 13

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Co-application caused no visible corn injury at 1 and 4 weeks.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
Treatment: co-application of glyphosate with Class Act NGe0
Outcome: visible corn injurye0
Direction: noe0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Zea mays subsp. mays* · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“The co-application of glyphosate with Class Act NG resulted in no visible corn injury at 1 and 4 weeks after herbicide application (WAA).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 461–598 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 450 g ae ha-1, adjuvant improved common lambsquarters control by as much as 20%.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450 g ae ha-1e0
Interactor: common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0weed
Outcome: control of common lambsquarterse0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 20e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Chenopodium album* · InteractorOlivier Pichard · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450 g ae ha-1 improved control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, Powell amaranth, common ragweed, and barnyardgrass as much as 20, 14, 9, 8, and 7%, respectively but there was no improvement in control of giant foxtail, or green foxtail and there was no increase in corn yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 599–925 · show in text ↑

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–62 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 450 g ae ha-1, adjuvant improved velvetleaf control by as much as 14%.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450 g ae ha-1e0
Interactor: velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
Outcome: velvetleafe0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 14e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Abutilon theophrasti* · InteractorI.Sáček, senior · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450 g ae ha-1 improved control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, Powell amaranth, common ragweed, and barnyardgrass as much as 20, 14, 9, 8, and 7%, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 599–809 · show in text ↑

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–62 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 450 g ae ha-1, adjuvant improved Powell amaranth control by as much as 9%.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450 g ae ha-1e0
Interactor: Powell amaranthe0weed
Outcome: Powell amaranthe0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 9e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450 g ae ha-1 improved control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, Powell amaranth, common ragweed, and barnyardgrass as much as 20, 14, 9, 8, and 7%, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 599–809 · show in text ↑

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–62 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 450 g ae ha-1, adjuvant improved common ragweed control by as much as 8%.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450 g ae ha-1e0
Interactor: common ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifoliae0weed
Outcome: common ragweede0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 8e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Ambrosia artemisiifolia* · InteractorDalgial · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450 g ae ha-1 improved control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, Powell amaranth, common ragweed, and barnyardgrass as much as 20, 14, 9, 8, and 7%, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 599–809 · show in text ↑

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–62 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 450 g ae ha-1, adjuvant improved barnyardgrass control by as much as 7%.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450 g ae ha-1e0
Interactor: barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
Outcome: barnyardgrasse0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 7%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Echinochloa crus-galli* · InteractorMichael Becker · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450 g ae ha-1 improved control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, Powell amaranth, common ragweed, and barnyardgrass as much as 20, 14, 9, 8, and 7%, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 599–809 · show in text ↑

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–62 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 450 g ae ha-1, adjuvant did not improve giant foxtail control.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Interactor: giant foxtaile0weed
Outcome: control of giant foxtaile0
Direction: no improvemente0

Not reportedTreatmentComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“there was no improvement in control of giant foxtail”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 814–866 · show in text ↑

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–62 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 450 g ae ha-1, adjuvant did not improve green foxtail control.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Interactor: green foxtaile0weed
Outcome: control of giant foxtail, or green foxtaile0
Direction: no improvemente0

Not reportedTreatmentComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“there was no improvement in control of giant foxtail, or green foxtail”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 814–884 · show in text ↑

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–62 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 900 g ae ha-1, adjuvant improved common lambsquarters control by 6% at 4 WAA.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: Class Act NG to glyphosate at 900 g ae ha-1e0
Interactor: common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0weed
Outcome: common lambsquarters controle0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 6e0
Qualifier: 4 and 8 WAAe0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 900 g ae ha-1 improved common lambsquarters control 6 and 5% at 4 and 8 WAA, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 926–1061 · show in text ↑

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–62 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 900 g ae ha-1, adjuvant improved common lambsquarters control by 5% at 8 WAA.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: Class Act NG to glyphosate at 900 g ae ha-1e0
Interactor: common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0weed
Outcome: common lambsquarters controle0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 5%e0
Qualifier: 8 WAAe0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 900 g ae ha-1 improved common lambsquarters control 6 and 5% at 4 and 8 WAA, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 926–1061 · show in text ↑

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–62 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 900 g ae ha-1, adjuvant improved barnyardgrass control by 4% at 4 WAA.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Interactor: barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0weed
Outcome: barnyardgrass controle0
Direction: improvede0
Value: 4%e0
Qualifier: 4 WAAe0

Not reportedTreatmentComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“improved barnyardgrass control 4% at 4 WAA”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1066–1108 · show in text ↑

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–62 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 1350 g ae ha-1, adjuvant did not improve control of the seven named weeds.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: Class Act NG to glyphosate at 1350 g ae ha-1e0
Outcome: control of velvetleaf, Powell amaranth, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, barnyardgrass, giant foxtail, or green foxtaile0
Direction: no improvemente0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 1350 g ae ha-1 provided no improvement in control of velvetleaf, Powell amaranth, common ragweed, common lambsquarters, barnyardgrass, giant foxtail, or green foxtail”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1110–1322 · show in text ↑

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 58–62 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Adjuvant at 450, 900 and 1350 g ae ha-1 did not increase corn yield.

Taxon: cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
Treatment: Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450, 900 and 1350 g ae ha-1e0
Outcome: corn yielde0
Direction: did not result in an increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The addition of Class Act NG to glyphosate at 450, 900 and 1350 g ae ha-1 did not result in an increase in corn yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1737–1855 · show in text ↑

glyphosate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

77 papers: 42 positive, 35 negative or no effect

34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 42 in the opposite direction

no effect
Adding AMS to glyphosate did not affect corn yield.
The effect of hard water, spray solution storage time, and ammonium sulfate on glyphosate efficacy and yield of glyphosate-resistant corn · 2014
Same directionCited by this paper
positive
Two glyphosate applications gave higher corn grain yields than a single application when weeds were 5 cm tall or less.
Effect of Postemergence Glyphosate Application Timing on Weed Control and Grain Yield in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn: Results of a 2-Yr Multistate Study¹ · 2003 · compared with a single application
Opposite direction
positive
Adding glyphosate to atrazine sometimes improved corn yields when applied after wheat harvest, compared with atrazine alone.
Herbicide Applications on Wheat and Stubble for No‐Tillage Corn¹ · 1986 · compared with atrazine alone
Opposite direction

73 papers more in this group

See all 77 papers →

conjugated linoleic acid · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 6 positive, 1 negative or no effect

6 in the opposite direction

positive
Maximum grain yield was obtained with the combination of 125 mm evaporation irrigation and 184 kg/ha nitrogen.
The Examination of the Effect of Irrigation Interval and Nitrogen Amount on the Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays L. CV. Single cross 704) in Mazandaran Provience · 2012
Opposite direction
positive
The C3S1 saline-water tank mix produced higher maize yield than other saline-water treatments.
Herbicide Efficacy as Influenced by Spray Fluid Quality and Adjuvants on Yield and Economics of Maize (Zea mays L.) · 2022 · compared with other saline water treatment combinations
Opposite direction
positive
Maize grain yield was maximum at irrigation after 50 mm evaporation from an A class pan.
Fatty acId, seed phosphorous and graIn yIeld o F maIze as In Fluenced by dI FFerent IrrIgatIon and nItrogen F ertIlIzers · 2013
Opposite direction

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

glyphosate · Ambrosia artemisiifolia · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

8 papers: 7 positive, 1 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

negative
With Crop Booster added to glyphosate + topramezone + atrazine, control of common ragweed was reduced by 1% at 4 weeks after herbicide application.
Effect of Biostimulants Added to Postemergence Herbicides in Corn, Oats and Winter Wheat · 2015
Opposite direction
positive
Glyphosate increased common ragweed control only in 2000.
Mesotrione Alone and in Mixtures with Glyphosate in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)¹ · 2003
Same direction
positive
Glyphosate plus halosulfuron EPOST and sequential glyphosate controlled ragweed and lambsquarters at least 99%.
Weed Management in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn with Glyphosate and Halosulfuron · 2004 · compared with glyphosate EPOST alone
Same direction

4 papers more in this group

See all 8 papers →

glyphosate · Chenopodium album · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

9 papers: 6 positive, 3 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Low-rate glyphosate use built up common lambsquarters.
Weed Population Dynamics after Six Years under Glyphosate‐ and Conventional Herbicide‐based Weed Control Strategies · 2008
Opposite direction
negative
With Crop Booster added to glyphosate, control of common lambsquarters was reduced by 1% at 4 and 8 weeks after herbicide application.
Effect of Biostimulants Added to Postemergence Herbicides in Corn, Oats and Winter Wheat · 2015
Opposite direction
no effect
Control of common lambsquarters, pitted morningglory and entireleaf morningglory was similar for glyphosate and glufosinate POST systems.
A Comparison of Weed Control in Herbicide-Resistant, Herbicide-Tolerant, and Conventional Corn · 2008 · compared with glufosinate systems
No difference from an alternative

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

glyphosate · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

10 papers: 5 positive, 5 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction

no effect
Three years of glyphosate treatment did not significantly change maize rhizobacterial communities relative to untreated soil.
Potential Accumulative Effect of the Herbicide Glyphosate on Glyphosate-Tolerant Maize Rhizobacterial Communities over a Three-Year Cultivation Period · 2011 · compared with untreated soil
Opposite direction
no effect
Glyphosate did not effectively increase kernel drying under high humidity.
Glyphosate as Harvest Aid for Corn (Zea mays) · 1988
Opposite direction
negative
Glyphosate was toxic to maize.
Chemical weed control in rainfed maize (Zea mays) · 2001
Opposite direction

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

glyphosate · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

18 papers: 3 positive, 15 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

positive
Glyphosate application caused little to no injury to the rest of the corn plant.
Improving hybrid seed production in corn with glyphosate‐mediated male sterility · 2013
Opposite direction
positive
The effective herbicide doses caused no phytotoxic effect on corn.
Herbicide potassium glyphosate 660 g/L as weed control in hybrid corn (Zea mays L.) cultivation under no-tillage system · 2023
Opposite direction
positive
Increasing glyphosate dose increased the rate of weed phytotoxicity and weed destruction.
Influence of post emergence application of glyphosate on crop phytotoxicity and soil microbial status in transgenic maize · 2017 · compared with 900 g a.e ha-1
Opposite direction

14 papers more in this group

See all 18 papers →

glyphosate · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

41 papers: 36 positive, 5 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction

positive
Glyphosate controlled three broadleaf weeds better than glufosinate.
Effect of ammonium sulfate and water hardness on glyphosate and glufosinate activity in corn · 2011 · compared with glufosinate
Opposite directionCited by this paper
positive
Sequential glyphosate gave greater than 87% control of common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory and common lambsquarters.
Comparison of Glyphosate with Other Herbicides for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays): Efficacy and Economics¹ · 2002
Opposite direction
positive
POST glyphosate gave at least 92% waterhemp control.
Confirmation and Control of HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicide–Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) in Nebraska · 2017
Opposite direction

37 papers more in this group

See all 41 papers →

glyphosate · Echinochloa crus-galli · Zea mays (maize)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Barnyardgrass visual control increased with glyphosate rate from 0 to 450 g/ha.
Response of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to Glyphosate Application Timing and Rate in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)¹ · 2005 · compared with 0 to 450 g/ha
Same direction
positive
One EPOST glyphosate application gave fair control of barnyard grass and green foxtail in corn.
Weed Control, Environmental Impact and Profitability of Two-Pass Weed Management Strategies in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn · 2013
Same direction

See all 3 papers →

8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 13

The same questions in other papers

glyphosate · yield · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

conjugated linoleic acid · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

glyphosate · Ambrosia artemisiifolia · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

glyphosate · Chenopodium album · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

glyphosate · organism · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

glyphosate · crop injury · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

glyphosate · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

glyphosate · Echinochloa crus-galli · Zea mays (maize)Results agree