Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is second most important staple crop in India after rice. Weeds have emerged as the major biotic stress in wheat. Post-emergence herbicidal combinations are used widely to control the complex weed flora in wheat crops. A field experiment was carried out to study the “Effects of herbicides and nano urea mixture on weeds, yield attributes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum)”. The experiment was performed in randomized blocked design with three replications and fourteen treatments in Rabi season 2022-23 at Agronomy Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Significantly minimum weed count (1.52 m-2) and dry weight (1.49 g m-2) and maximum weed control efficiency (88.6%) of Phalaris minor and broadleaved weeds (87%) was recorded with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 at 90 DAS. In case of yield attributes i.e. number of effective tillers per meter row length (92.5), spike length (11.4 cm), number of grains spike-1 (55.9) and 1000-grain weight (43.8) were higher with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1. Grain yield (5876 kg ha-1) and B:C (1.94) was recorded higher with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 which was significantly higher than weedy check but at par with the weed free treatment.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture produced the minimum weed count of 1.52 m-2.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed counte0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 1.52 m-2e0
- Comparator
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly minimum weed count (1.52 m-2) and dry weight (1.49 g m-2) and maximum weed control efficiency (88.6%) of Phalaris minor and broadleaved weeds (87%) was recorded with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 at 90 DAS.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture produced minimum weed dry weight of 1.49 g m-2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1e0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 1.49 g m-2e0
- Comparator
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly minimum weed count (1.52 m-2) and dry weight (1.49 g m-2) and maximum weed control efficiency (88.6%) of Phalaris minor and broadleaved weeds (87%) was recorded with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 at 90 DAS.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture achieved maximum weed control efficiency of 88.6%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1e0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0weed - Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 88.6%e0
- Comparator
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“maximum weed control efficiency (88.6%) of Phalaris minor and broadleaved weeds (87%) was recorded with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 at 90 DAS.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Control of broadleaved weeds reached 87% with the mixture.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1e0
- Interactor
- broadleaved weedse0weed
- Outcome
- broadleaved weedse0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 87%e0
- Comparator
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broadleaved weeds (87%) was recorded with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 at 90 DAS.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Effective tillers were higher with the mixture, reaching 92.5 per meter row length.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1e0
- Outcome
- number of effective tillers per meter row lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 92.5e0
- Comparator
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of effective tillers per meter row length (92.5), spike length (11.4 cm), number of grains spike-1 (55.9) and 1000-grain weight (43.8) were higher with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spike length was higher with the mixture, reaching 11.4 cm.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1e0
- Outcome
- spike lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 11.4 cme0
- Comparator
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spike length (11.4 cm), number of grains spike-1 (55.9) and 1000-grain weight (43.8) were higher with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grains per spike were higher with the mixture, reaching 55.9.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1e0
- Outcome
- number of grains spike-1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 55.9e0
- Comparator
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“number of grains spike-1 (55.9) and 1000-grain weight (43.8) were higher with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand-grain weight was higher with the mixture, reaching 43.8.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1e0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 43.8e0
- Comparator
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1000-grain weight (43.8) were higher with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was higher with the mixture, reaching 5876 kg ha-1 and exceeding the weedy check significantly.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1e0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5876 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- at par with the weed free treatmente0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield (5876 kg ha-1) and B:C (1.94) was recorded higher with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 which was significantly higher than weedy check but at par with the weed free treatment.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture gave a higher B:C of 1.94.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1e0
- Outcome
- B:Ce0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.94e0
- Comparator
- clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B:C (1.94) was recorded higher with application of clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1 with nano urea 3 ml L-1 followed by clodinafop + metribuzin 60 + 210 g ha-1”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
The same questions in other papers
metribuzin · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
44 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- positive
71 papers more in this group
See all 75 papers →metribuzin · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →clodinafop · Phalaris minor · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →clodinafop · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
56 papers more in this group
See all 60 papers →clodinafop · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
53 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
57 papers more in this group
See all 61 papers →metribuzin · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
59 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
59 papers more in this group
See all 63 papers →clodinafop · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
9 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →metribuzin · Phalaris minor · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
17 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.