Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out at the Research Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station (latitude of 31º 10 N and longitude 30º 93 E, at an elevation of 14 m above sea level), Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt in 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons to study the effect of humic acid as a soil amendment and foliar application of trace elements as a Nano fertilizer on growth, yield, and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.), This work included twelve treatments representing the combinations of three soil application levels of humic acid (without, 2.5 and 5 kg/fed) and spraying canopies with four Nano elements (without, iron, manganese and boron), were separately sprayed at the rate of 100 mg/L after 50, 65 and 80 days from sowing. A complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with three replications was used. The results showed that applying humic acid at a rate of 5 kg/fed increased photosynthetic pigments, leaf area index, peroxidase enzyme activity and yields of root and sugar/fed however, alpha-amino N content decreased in both seasons. Additionally, catalase enzyme activity increased in the first season, compared to adding half humic/fed acid dose (2.5 kg). Fertilizing beet plants with 2.5 kg of humic acid/fed attained lower potassium and sodium content and improved quality index than adding 5 kg of humic acid/fed in both seasons. Moreover, supplying beets with either 2.5 or 5 kg humic acid/fed (without considerable differences) resulted in the highest root sucrose, extracted sugar percentages and reduced sugar lost to molasses %, compared to untreated beet plants in both seasons. Sprayed beet plants with Nano boron, resulted in the highest values of leaf area index, photosynthetic pigments, Peroxidase activity, root and sugar yields/fed in both seasons, with catalase activity in 1st season. Main while, the values of alpha-amino N content and sugar lost to molasses% were reduced in the second season compared to beets sprayed with the rest of the treatments. However, sprayed beets with Nano trace elements had insignificant effects on the quality index, sucrose and extracted sugar percentages in both seasons. The highest root and sugar yields/fed were obtained by fertilizing beets with 5 kg of humic acid along with spraying Nano boron compared to the other combinations in both seasons. Consequently, the application of nanomaterials significantly enhanced chlorophyll a and b, catalase, sugar lose to molasses% and sugar yield where the highest values were recorded by the application of Fe or Mn nanoparticles with no significant differences between them, however the application of nanomaterials did not significantly affect chlorophyll a and b, catalase activity, sucrose%, extractable sugar%, Na+, α-amino N and root yield in both seasons.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid at 5 kg/fed increased photosynthetic pigments, leaf area index and peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1 - Treatment
- humic acid at a rate of 5 kg/fede0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, leaf area index, peroxidase enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying humic acid at a rate of 5 kg/fed increased photosynthetic pigments, leaf area index, peroxidase enzyme activity”
e1“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid at 5 kg/fed increased root and sugar yields.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise1
- Treatment
- humic acid at a rate of 5 kg/fede0
- Outcome
- yields of root and sugar/fede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applying humic acid at a rate of 5 kg/fed increased photosynthetic pigments, leaf area index, peroxidase enzyme activity and yields of root and sugar/fed”
e1“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid at 5 kg/fed decreased alpha-amino N content in both seasons.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Treatment
- humic acid at a rate of 5 kg/fede1
- Outcome
- alpha-amino N contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alpha-amino N content decreased in both seasons”
e1“applying humic acid at a rate of 5 kg/fed”
e2“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid at 5 kg/fed increased catalase activity in the first season relative to 2.5 kg.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise2
- Treatment
- humic acid at a rate of 5 kg/fede1
- Outcome
- catalase enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in the first seasone0
- Comparator
- half humic/fed acid dose (2.5 kg)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“catalase enzyme activity increased in the first season, compared to adding half humic/fed acid dose (2.5 kg)”
e1“humic acid at a rate of 5 kg/fed”
e2“sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid at 2.5 kg/fed lowered potassium and sodium content relative to 5 kg/fed.
- Taxon
- beet plants
Beta vulgarise0 - Treatment
- 2.5 kg of humic acid/fede0
- Outcome
- potassium and sodium contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- 5 kg of humic acid/fede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizing beet plants with 2.5 kg of humic acid/fed attained lower potassium and sodium content and improved quality index than adding 5 kg of humic acid/fed in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid at 2.5 kg/fed improved quality index relative to 5 kg/fed.
- Taxon
- beet plantsBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 2.5 kg of humic acid/fede0
- Outcome
- quality indexe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- 5 kg of humic acid/fede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizing beet plants with 2.5 kg of humic acid/fed attained lower potassium and sodium content and improved quality index than adding 5 kg of humic acid/fed in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid at 2.5 or 5 kg/fed produced the highest root sucrose and extracted sugar percentages compared with untreated beets.
- Taxon
- beetsBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- either 2.5 or 5 kg humic acid/fede0
- Outcome
- root sucrose, extracted sugar percentagese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- without considerable differencese0
- Comparator
- untreated beet plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplying beets with either 2.5 or 5 kg humic acid/fed (without considerable differences) resulted in the highest root sucrose, extracted sugar percentages and reduced sugar lost to molasses %, compared to untreated beet plants in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid at 2.5 or 5 kg/fed reduced sugar lost to molasses compared with untreated beet plants.
- Taxon
- beetsBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- either 2.5 or 5 kg humic acid/fede0
- Outcome
- sugar lost to molasses %e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- untreated beet plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplying beets with either 2.5 or 5 kg humic acid/fed (without considerable differences) resulted in the highest root sucrose, extracted sugar percentages and reduced sugar lost to molasses %, compared to untreated beet plants in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano boron spraying gave the highest leaf area index, pigments and peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- beet plantsBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Nano borone0
- Outcome
- leaf area index, photosynthetic pigments, Peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprayed beet plants with Nano boron, resulted in the highest values of leaf area index, photosynthetic pigments, Peroxidase activity, root and sugar yields/fed in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano boron spraying gave the highest root and sugar yields.
- Taxon
- beet plantsBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Nano borone0
- Outcome
- root and sugar yields/fede0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprayed beet plants with Nano boron, resulted in the highest values of leaf area index, photosynthetic pigments, Peroxidase activity, root and sugar yields/fed in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano boron spraying increased catalase activity in the first season.
- Taxon
- beet plantsBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Nano borone0
- Outcome
- catalase activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 1st seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprayed beet plants with Nano boron, resulted in the highest values of leaf area index, photosynthetic pigments, Peroxidase activity, root and sugar yields/fed in both seasons, with catalase activity in 1st season”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano boron reduced alpha-amino N content and sugar loss to molasses in the second season relative to other sprays.
- Taxon
- beet plantsBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Nano borone0
- Outcome
- alpha-amino N content and sugar lost to molasses%e1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- the rest of the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprayed beet plants with Nano boron”
e1“alpha-amino N content and sugar lost to molasses% were reduced in the second season compared to beets sprayed with the rest of the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano trace elements had insignificant effects on quality index, sucrose and extracted sugar percentages.
- Taxon
- beetsBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Nano trace elementse0
- Outcome
- quality index, sucrose and extracted sugar percentagese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sprayed beets with Nano trace elements had insignificant effects on the quality index, sucrose and extracted sugar percentages in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined 5 kg humic acid and Nano boron produced the highest root and sugar yields relative to other combinations.
- Taxon
- beetsBeta vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 5 kg of humic acid along with spraying Nano borone0
- Outcome
- root and sugar yields/fede0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- the other combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest root and sugar yields/fed were obtained by fertilizing beets with 5 kg of humic acid along with spraying Nano boron compared to the other combinations in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe or Mn nanoparticles recorded the highest chlorophyll a and b and catalase values, with no significant difference between them.
- Taxon
- beetsBeta vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Fe or Mn nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and b, catalasee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- no significant differences between theme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of nanomaterials significantly enhanced chlorophyll a and b, catalase, sugar lose to molasses% and sugar yield where the highest values were recorded by the application of Fe or Mn nanoparticles with no significant differences between them”
e1“fertilizing beets with 5 kg of humic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe or Mn nanoparticles gave highest sugar loss to molasses and sugar yield.
- Taxon
- beetsBeta vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Fe or Mn nanoparticlese0
- Outcome
- sugar lose to molasses% and sugar yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of nanomaterials significantly enhanced chlorophyll a and b, catalase, sugar lose to molasses% and sugar yield where the highest values were recorded by the application of Fe or Mn nanoparticles with no significant differences between them”
e1“fertilizing beets with 5 kg of humic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanomaterials did not significantly affect the listed pigment, enzyme, sugar, ion and root yield endpoints in both seasons.
- Taxon
- beetsBeta vulgarise1
- Treatment
- nanomaterialse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and b, catalase activity, sucrose%, extractable sugar%, Na+, α-amino N and root yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of nanomaterials did not significantly affect chlorophyll a and b, catalase activity, sucrose%, extractable sugar%, Na+, α-amino N and root yield in both seasons”
e1“fertilizing beets with 5 kg of humic acid”
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See all 8 papers →8 of 16 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.