Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the main abiotic factors limiting wheat production worldwide. Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that can enhance plant resistance to various stresses, including salinity. We have evaluated the impact of Si (foliar and soil applications) on two salt-sensitive (AARI-11, Lasani-08) and two salt-tolerant (MH-21, SARC-04) wheat genotypes under salinity stress (control and 10 dS m-1). Wheat physiological (SPAD) and antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, POD and APX) was measured at vegetative satge while growth (plant height, spike length, spikelets, productive tillers, root length, and grain yield), and ionic parameters (Na+, K+ and Si) were measured at maturity stage. The findings demonstrated that salinity stress reduced wheat growth, SPAD, K+ and Si concentrations and increased Na+ concentration and oxidative stress in all genotypes. The results demonstrated that Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat plant height by 61%, root length 14%, productive tillers 8%, spike length 10%, spikelets spike-1 13%, 100 grain weight 5%, SPAD values 33%, K+ concentration 20%, Si concentration 6%, antioxidant enzymatic activity (SOD 50%, CAT 47%, POD 110%, APX 8%) and reduced the Na+ concentration up to 28% both in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypes. Notably, foliar Si application was found to be more effective than soil in ameliorating salinity. Furthermore, among the salt-tolerant genotypes MH-21 exhibited higher responsiveness to Si application particularly at 100 mg L-1 Si. These results indicate that Si application can enhance the salinity tolerance in wheat by modulating the physiological, antioxidant and ionic responses of wheat genotypes.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress reduced wheat growth.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- salinity stresse1
- Outcome
- wheat growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“salinity stress reduced wheat growth”
e2“under salinity stress (control and 10 dS m-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress reduced SPAD, K+ and Si concentrations in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- salinity stresse2
- Outcome
- SPAD, K+ and Si concentrationse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduced wheat growth, SPAD, K+ and Si concentrations”
e2“under salinity stress (control and 10 dS m-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress increased Na+ concentration and oxidative stress in wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- salinity stresse2
- Outcome
- Na+ concentration and oxidative stresse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“increased Na+ concentration and oxidative stress in all genotypes”
e2“under salinity stress (control and 10 dS m-1)”
e3“salinity stress reduced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced plant height by 61% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 61%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“plant height by 61%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced root length by 14% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 14%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“root length 14%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced productive tillers by 8% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- productive tillerse1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 8%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“productive tillers 8%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced spike length by 10% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- spike lengthe1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 10%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spike length 10%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced spikelets spike-1 by 13% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- spikelets spike-1e1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 13%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“spikelets spike-1 13%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced 100 grain weight by 5% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- 100 grain weighte1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 5%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“100 grain weight 5%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced SPAD values by 33% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- SPAD valuese1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 33%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“SPAD values 33%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced K+ concentration by 20% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- K+ concentratione1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 20%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“K+ concentration 20%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced Si concentration by 6% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- Si concentratione1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 6%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Si concentration 6%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced SOD by 50% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- SODe1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“antioxidant enzymatic activity (SOD 50%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced CAT by 47% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- CATe1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 47%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“CAT 47%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced POD by 110% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- PODe1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 110%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“POD 110%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced APX by 8% in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- APXe1
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 8%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“APX 8%”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application (foliar) reduced Na+ concentration by up to 28% in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant wheat genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Material
- salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypese1
- Treatment
- Si application (foliar)e2
- Outcome
- Na+ concentratione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- up to 28%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“reduced the Na+ concentration up to 28% both in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant genotypes”
e2“Si application (foliar) significantly enhanced wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Si application was more effective than soil application in ameliorating salinity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar Si applicatione1
- Outcome
- more effective than soil in ameliorating salinitye1
- Direction
- more effectivee1
- Comparator
- soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“foliar Si application was found to be more effective than soil in ameliorating salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
MH-21, a salt-tolerant wheat genotype, showed higher responsiveness to Si application, particularly at 100 mg L-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- MH-21e1
- Treatment
- 100 mg L-1 Sie1
- Outcome
- higher responsiveness to Si applicatione1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“among the salt-tolerant genotypes MH-21 exhibited higher responsiveness to Si application particularly at 100 mg L-1 Si”
Claim · model-written summary
Si application enhances salinity tolerance in wheat by modulating physiological, antioxidant and ionic responses.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Si applicatione1
- Outcome
- salinity tolerancee1
- Qualifier
- by modulating the physiological, antioxidant and ionic responsese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Si application can enhance the salinity tolerance in wheat by modulating the physiological, antioxidant and ionic responses of wheat genotypes”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.