Search claims · PlantClaims

Physiology, metabolism & abiotic stress 4264

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Laboratory germination maxima preceded field emergence maxima by 12 to 26 days.

Taxon: Sweet Cornt0
Outcome: laboratory germination test maximae0
Direction: precedede0
Value: 12 to 26 de0
Comparator: field emergence maximae0

Verbatim

e0
“laboratory germination test maxima preceded field emergence maxima by 12 to 26 d.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1050–1131

t0
“Sweet Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–91

Title

Physiological Maturity and Vigor in Production of ‘Florida Staysweet’ Shrunken‐2 Sweet Corn Seed

Dale O. Wilson; Susan E. Trawatha Crop Science 1991. doi:10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183x003100060052x

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Maximum kernel dry weight occurred 43 to 47 days after silking except in very late plantings.
Observation Very late mid-June plantings reached maximum kernel dry weight at 48 and 66 days after silking.
Observation Kernel moisture declined linearly.
Observation Untreated seed harvested 72 to 75 days after silking from mid-April plantings gave an 80% stand the next year.
Intervention effect Harvest at maximum dry weight produced final stands of 20% or lower.
Intervention effect Delaying planting until mid-May reduced maximum field emergence to 50% in 1987.
Intervention effect The mid-May planting delay did not reduce maximum field emergence in 1988.
Intervention effect Mid-June planting lowered maximum emergence to 30% in 1987.
Intervention effect Mid-June planting lowered maximum emergence to 40% in 1988.
Observation Black layer formation preceded immaturity-related low vigor.
Association Soil cold test correlation with final stand had median r = 0.87, exceeding rolled-towel germination.
Association Accelerated aging correlation with final stand had median r = 0.85, exceeding rolled-towel germination.
Association Mean leachate conductance correlation with final stand had median r = −0.88, stronger than rolled-towel germination.
Intervention effect Early harvest at 45 to 60 days after silking produced high germination but low vigor.
Intervention effect Early harvest at 45 to 60 days after silking produced low-vigor seed.
Intervention effect Leaving crops until 80 to 90 days after silking consistently produced relatively high-vigor seed unless planted very late.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativesimulated

Claim · model-written summary

That adjustment gave predicted maxima about 25% below observations.

Outcome: predicted maximae0
Direction: lesse0
Value: approximately 25%e0
Comparator: observed maximae0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“predicted maxima approximately 25% less than the observed maxima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1308–1372

Title

Evaluation of forest canopy models for estimating isoprene emissions

Brian Lamb; Thomas Pierce; Dennis Baldocchi; et al. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 1996. doi:10.1029/96jd00056

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource Predicted isoprene fluxes agreed among canopy models within about 20%.
Method / resource Models overestimated mean observed flux by about twofold.
Method / resource Models overestimated maximum observed flux by 30 to 50%.
Method / resource Reducing the emission factor and biomass density by 20% gave predicted means about 20% above observations.
Method / resource Direction-specific biomass density improved overall model performance.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The CH4 emission maxima often matched the maxima of daily mean air temperature.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Outcome: CH 4 emission maximae2
Direction: matchede2
Comparator: maxima of daily mean air temperaturee2

Verbatim

e0
“Seasonal variations in CH 4 emission rates from rice paddies”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–60

e2
“the CH 4 emission maxima often matched the maxima of daily mean air temperature”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 703–782

Title

Effects of shifting growth stage and regulating temperature on seasonal variation of CH₄ emission from rice

Akira Watanabe; Hiromi Yamada; Makoto Kimura Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2001. doi:10.1029/2000gb001363

Other claims from this paper (6)

Breeding, agronomy & horticulture 2944

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Resistant and less resistant accessions belong to Cucurbita maxima, C. maxima subsp. maxima, C. maxima subsp. andreana and C. okeechobeensis subsp. martinezii.

Taxon: Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximae0
Outcome: speciese0

Verbatim

e0
“Resistant and less resistant accessions belong to the species Cucurbita maxima , C . maxima subsp. maxima , C . maxima subsp. andreana , and C . okeechobeensis subsp. martinezii”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1351–1528

Title

Screening and identification of Cucurbita germplasm resistant to Xanthomonas cucurbitae , incitant of cucurbit bacterial spot

Salisu Sulley; Yali Huang; Sarah R. Hind; et al. Plant Pathology 2021. doi:10.1111/ppa.13445

Other claims from this paper (7)

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The Nepenthes maxima cultivar Lake Poso is described.

Taxon: Nepenthes maximaNepenthes maximae0
Material: Nepenthes maxima 'Lake Poso'e0
Outcome: Nepenthes maxima 'Lake Poso'e0

Not reportedComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0
“Nepenthes maxima 'Lake Poso'”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 54–82

Title

New cultivars

Travis H. Wyman; Brian Barnes; David P. Evans Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 2009. doi:10.55360/cpn381.cr381

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource The Sarracenia cultivar Alucard is described.
Method / resource The Byblis cultivar Goliath is described.
Observation The Sarracenia cultivar Reptilian Rose is described.
Observation The Sarracenia cultivar Royal Ruby is described.
Observation The Sarracenia cultivar Black Widow is described.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Laboratory germination maxima preceded field emergence maxima by 12 to 26 days.

Taxon: Sweet Cornt0
Outcome: laboratory germination test maximae0
Direction: precedede0
Value: 12 to 26 de0
Comparator: field emergence maximae0

Verbatim

e0
“laboratory germination test maxima preceded field emergence maxima by 12 to 26 d.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1050–1131

t0
“Sweet Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–91

Title

Physiological Maturity and Vigor in Production of ‘Florida Staysweet’ Shrunken‐2 Sweet Corn Seed

Dale O. Wilson; Susan E. Trawatha Crop Science 1991. doi:10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183x003100060052x

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Maximum kernel dry weight occurred 43 to 47 days after silking except in very late plantings.
Observation Very late mid-June plantings reached maximum kernel dry weight at 48 and 66 days after silking.
Observation Kernel moisture declined linearly.
Observation Untreated seed harvested 72 to 75 days after silking from mid-April plantings gave an 80% stand the next year.
Intervention effect Harvest at maximum dry weight produced final stands of 20% or lower.
Intervention effect Delaying planting until mid-May reduced maximum field emergence to 50% in 1987.
Intervention effect The mid-May planting delay did not reduce maximum field emergence in 1988.
Intervention effect Mid-June planting lowered maximum emergence to 30% in 1987.
Intervention effect Mid-June planting lowered maximum emergence to 40% in 1988.
Observation Black layer formation preceded immaturity-related low vigor.
Association Soil cold test correlation with final stand had median r = 0.87, exceeding rolled-towel germination.
Association Accelerated aging correlation with final stand had median r = 0.85, exceeding rolled-towel germination.
Association Mean leachate conductance correlation with final stand had median r = −0.88, stronger than rolled-towel germination.
Intervention effect Early harvest at 45 to 60 days after silking produced high germination but low vigor.
Intervention effect Early harvest at 45 to 60 days after silking produced low-vigor seed.
Intervention effect Leaving crops until 80 to 90 days after silking consistently produced relatively high-vigor seed unless planted very late.

Woody plants 1787

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativesimulated

Claim · model-written summary

That adjustment gave predicted maxima about 25% below observations.

Outcome: predicted maximae0
Direction: lesse0
Value: approximately 25%e0
Comparator: observed maximae0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“predicted maxima approximately 25% less than the observed maxima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1308–1372

Title

Evaluation of forest canopy models for estimating isoprene emissions

Brian Lamb; Thomas Pierce; Dennis Baldocchi; et al. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 1996. doi:10.1029/96jd00056

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource Predicted isoprene fluxes agreed among canopy models within about 20%.
Method / resource Models overestimated mean observed flux by about twofold.
Method / resource Models overestimated maximum observed flux by 30 to 50%.
Method / resource Reducing the emission factor and biomass density by 20% gave predicted means about 20% above observations.
Method / resource Direction-specific biomass density improved overall model performance.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

C. maxima showed high genotypic variability.

Taxon: C. maximaCitrus maximae0
Outcome: genotypic variabilitye0
Direction: highe0

Verbatim

e0
“This study proved the existence of high genotypic variability in C. maxima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1087–1161

Title

Microsatellite polymorphism for molecular characterization of pomelo (Citrus maxima) accessions from Indonesia

Ratna Susandarini; Siti Subandiyah; Budi Setiadi Daryono; et al. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 2020. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d210608

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observation C. maxima microsatellite showed high repeat-length polymorphism from (GA)7 to (GA)19.
Method / resource The microsatellite marker was useful for uncovering intraspecific variability.
Method / resource Variation in (GA)n distinguished some pomelo cultivars.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

All C. maxima crude extracts contained vitamin C.

Taxon: C. maximaCitrus maximae0
Outcome: vitamin Ce0

Verbatim

e0
“vitamin C in all the C. maxima crude extracts.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1149–1195

Title

Phytochemical profiling, total flavonoid, total phenolic content and in-vitro antioxidant evaluation of Citrus maxima extract

Flama Monteiro; Shilpa S. Shetty; Ranjitha K.; et al. Biomedicine 2022. doi:10.51248/.v42i5.1883

Other claims from this paper (10)

Plant interactions & biotic stress 1422

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Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ralstonia solanacearum caused Cucurbita maxima bacterial wilt.

Taxon: C. maximaCucurbita maximae0
Interactor: Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
Outcome: C. maxima bacterial wilte0

Verbatim

e0
“the pathogen of C. maxima bacterial wilt was Ralstonia solanacearum”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 876–943

Title

Identification and Genetic Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex Isolates from Cucurbita maxima in China

Xiaoman She; Lin Yu; Guobing Lan; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2017. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01794

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observation Bacterial wilt was observed on Cucurbita maxima in Guangdong.
Observation Diseased plants developed wilting, dark brown vasculature and death.
Observation Bacterial masses oozed from crosscut stems of diseased plants.
Observation The 24 isolates were phylotype I, race 1.
Observation Eight isolates were biovar 3.
Observation Sixteen isolates were biovar 4.
Observation The isolates clustered in sequevars 17, 45 and 56.
Observation Sequevar 56 was newly described.
Observation Xiangyu1 was resistant to RS378.
Observation Xiangmi was moderately resistant to RS378.
Observation Nineteen other pumpkin cultivars were susceptible to RS378.
Observation This was the first reported C. maxima wilt caused by R. solanacearum race 1 worldwide.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Oospores were absent in C. maxima.

Taxon: C. maximaCucurbita maximae0
Material: Tripolie0
Outcome: C. maximae0

Verbatim

e0
“C. maxima (cv. Tripoli)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1564–1587

Title

Formation and Infectivity of Oospores of Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the Causal Agent of Downy Mildew in Cucurbits

Y. Cohen; A. E. Rubin; M. Galperin Plant Disease 2011. doi:10.1094/pdis-02-11-0127

Other claims from this paper (19)

Observation Single old or new pathotype isolates produced no oospores on detached cucurbit leaves.
Observation Mixed isolate pairs produced abundant oospores in cucurbit mesophyll within 6 to 11 days.
Observation Oospores formed at 12.5°C.
Observation Oospores did not form at 25°C.
Observation Oospores developed on intact plants under saturated humidity at 15 or 20°C.
Observation Oospores were round, brown and approximately 40 μm across.
Observation Oospores were produced in Cucumis sativum.
Observation Oospores were produced in Cucumis melo.
Observation Oospores were absent in Cucurbita pepo.
Observation Oospores were absent in C. moschata.
Observation Oospore inoculum caused sporulating downy mildew lesions in Cucumis sativum.
Observation Oospore inoculum caused sporulating downy mildew lesions in Cucumis melo.
Observation Oospore inoculum caused sporulating downy mildew lesions in C. moschata.
Observation Oospore inoculum did not produce lesions in C. pepo.
Observation Oospore inoculum did not produce lesions in C. maxima.
Observation Molecular and fungicide analyses confirmed recombinant F1 offspring.
Observation Some F1 progeny lost pathogenicity to C. moschata or C. maxima.
Observation Other F1 progeny gained pathogenicity to Luffa cylindrica or Citrullus lanatus.
Observation F1 progeny showed altered fungicide sensitivity or host range relative to parents.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Spring nodular activity maxima were 8-250 times summer minima.

Taxon: native Australian legumest0
Outcome: spring maximae0
Direction: maximae0
Value: 8-250 times summer minimae0

Verbatim

e0
“spring maxima 8-250 times summer minima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 455–494

t0
“Native Australian Legumes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 21–46

Title

Nitrogen Fixation by Native Australian Legumes

A. Laurie 1981

Other claims from this paper (4)

Observation Nodular activity peaked in spring, and also autumn for sand-dune species.
Observation Nodular activity fell to a late-summer minimum and stayed low in winter.
Observation Mean nitrogenase activity was 1.73 pmol C,H, reduced g-' fresh wt nodules h-I.
Observation Estimated minimum fixation ranged from 0.004-0.746 kg ha' yr-I.

Development, reproduction & morphology 1284

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

No seedlings were found within established G. maxima infestations.

Taxon: G. maximaGlyceria maximae1
Outcome: No seedlings were founde1

Verbatim

e1
“No seedlings were found within established G. maxima infestations”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 522–587

Title

The role of reproduction inGlyceria maximainvasion

Lutendo F Mugwedi; Jeremy Goodall; Edward TF Witkowski; et al. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 2014. doi:10.2989/10220119.2014.929177

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pollen tube growth differed for the C. maxima×C. moschata (Fig. 3) cross.

Taxon: C. maximaCucurbita maximae0
Outcome: C. maxima×C. moschata (Fig. 3)e0

Verbatim

e0
“C. maxima×C. moschata (Fig. 3)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 318–348

Title

Cucurbita-crosses

Hiroshi Hayase The Japanese Journal of Genetics 1950. doi:10.1266/jjg.25.181

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Pollen tubes reached the ovary in 3時間 for C. pepo.
Observation Pollen tubes reached the ovary in 4時間 for C. moschata.
Observation Pollen tubes reached the ovary in 5時間 for C. maxima.
Observation Pollen tube growth differed for the C. moschata×C. maxima (Fig. 6) cross.
Observation Pollen tube growth differed for the C. maxima ×C. pepo (Fig. 4) cross.
Observation Pollen tube growth differed for the C. moschata×C. pepo (Fig. 7) cross.
Observation Pollen tube growth differed for the C. pepo×C. maxima (Fig. 9) cross.
Observation Pollen tube growth differed for the C. pepo×C. moschata (Figs. 10, 11) cross.
Observation Crosses between C. maxima and C. moschata were incompletely compatible.
Recommendation Pollen tube growth should be measured 27–30 hours after pollination.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pollen tube growth differed for the C. maxima ×C. pepo (Fig. 4) cross.

Taxon: C. maximaCucurbita maximae0
Outcome: C. maxima ×C. pepo (Fig. 4)e0

Verbatim

e0
“C. maxima ×C. pepo (Fig. 4)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 382–409

Title

Cucurbita-crosses

Hiroshi Hayase The Japanese Journal of Genetics 1950. doi:10.1266/jjg.25.181

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Pollen tubes reached the ovary in 3時間 for C. pepo.
Observation Pollen tubes reached the ovary in 4時間 for C. moschata.
Observation Pollen tubes reached the ovary in 5時間 for C. maxima.
Observation Pollen tube growth differed for the C. maxima×C. moschata (Fig. 3) cross.
Observation Pollen tube growth differed for the C. moschata×C. maxima (Fig. 6) cross.
Observation Pollen tube growth differed for the C. moschata×C. pepo (Fig. 7) cross.
Observation Pollen tube growth differed for the C. pepo×C. maxima (Fig. 9) cross.
Observation Pollen tube growth differed for the C. pepo×C. moschata (Figs. 10, 11) cross.
Observation Crosses between C. maxima and C. moschata were incompletely compatible.
Recommendation Pollen tube growth should be measured 27–30 hours after pollination.

Ecology, evolution & diversity 858

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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Seed surface ultrastructure distinguishes Spergula maxima from Spergula arvensis subsp. arvensis, supporting Spergula arvensis subsp. maxima.

Taxon: Spergula maximae0
Outcome: Spergula arvensis subsp. maximae0

Verbatim

e0
“between Spergula maxima and Spergula arvensis subsp. arvensis, accordingly we propose — Spergula arvensis subsp. maxima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1538–1657

Title

Seed morphology of species of Spergula and Spergularia (Caryophyllaceae) occurring in Ukraine and its taxonomic significance

O.M. Tsarenko; M.M. Fedoronchuk; G.M. Shykhaleyeva; et al. Ukrainian Botanical Journal 2024. doi:10.15407/ukrbotj81.04.278

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

No seedlings were found within established G. maxima infestations.

Taxon: G. maximaGlyceria maximae1
Outcome: No seedlings were founde1

Verbatim

e1
“No seedlings were found within established G. maxima infestations”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 522–587

Title

The role of reproduction inGlyceria maximainvasion

Lutendo F Mugwedi; Jeremy Goodall; Edward TF Witkowski; et al. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 2014. doi:10.2989/10220119.2014.929177

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

A new species, M. maxima, was described from Northern Peru.

Taxon: M. maximaMuhlenbergia maximae0
Outcome: M. maximae0
Setting: Northern Perue1

Verbatim

e0
“M. maxima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 53–62

t0
“Muhlenbergia and Uniola”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 21–44

e1
“Northern Peru”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 103–116

Title

Three new species of Muhlenbergia and Uniola (Poaceae) from Northern Peru

Simon Lægaard; Isidore Sánchez Vega Nordic Journal of Botany 1990. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1990.tb01786.x

Other claims from this paper (2)

Molecular genetics & genomics 842

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The linkage analysis revealed 20 genetic linkage groups of Cucurbita maxima.

Taxon: Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat0
Outcome: genetic linkage groupse0
Value: 20e0

Verbatim

t0
“Cucurbita maxima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–39

e0
“revealed 20 genetic linkage groups of C. maxima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 309–356

Title

Genetic linkage map of Cucurbita maxima with molecular and morphological markers

Yu Ge; X. Li 2015

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The C. maxima genome contained 102 identified CmWRKY genes.

Taxon: C. maximaCucurbita maximae0
Gene: CmWRKYe0
Outcome: 102 CmWRKY genese0
Value: 102e0

Verbatim

e0
“102 CmWRKY genes were identified in the C. maxima genome”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 339–395

Title

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the WRKY Gene Family in Cucurbita maxima

Qin Zhou; Ziqing Guo; Xiaojun Zhou; et al. Genes 2023. doi:10.3390/genes14112030

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Silencing CmWRKY22 promoted CMV infection in C. maxima.
Intervention effect Overexpression of CmWRKY22 inhibited CMV infection in C. maxima.
Observation CmWRKY22 bound the W-box at the CmPR1b promoter.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The Cucurbita maxima linkage map covers a genetic distance of 991.5 cM.

Taxon: Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat0
Outcome: genetic distancee0
Value: 991.5 cMe0

Verbatim

t0
“Cucurbita maxima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–39

e0
“covering a genetic distance of 991.5 cM”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 357–396

Title

Genetic linkage map of Cucurbita maxima with molecular and morphological markers

Yu Ge; X. Li 2015

Other claims from this paper (3)

Methods & resources 296

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The Nepenthes maxima cultivar Lake Poso is described.

Taxon: Nepenthes maximaNepenthes maximae0
Material: Nepenthes maxima 'Lake Poso'e0
Outcome: Nepenthes maxima 'Lake Poso'e0

Not reportedComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0
“Nepenthes maxima 'Lake Poso'”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 54–82

Title

New cultivars

Travis H. Wyman; Brian Barnes; David P. Evans Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 2009. doi:10.55360/cpn381.cr381

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource The Sarracenia cultivar Alucard is described.
Method / resource The Byblis cultivar Goliath is described.
Observation The Sarracenia cultivar Reptilian Rose is described.
Observation The Sarracenia cultivar Royal Ruby is described.
Observation The Sarracenia cultivar Black Widow is described.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativesimulated

Claim · model-written summary

That adjustment gave predicted maxima about 25% below observations.

Outcome: predicted maximae0
Direction: lesse0
Value: approximately 25%e0
Comparator: observed maximae0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“predicted maxima approximately 25% less than the observed maxima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1308–1372

Title

Evaluation of forest canopy models for estimating isoprene emissions

Brian Lamb; Thomas Pierce; Dennis Baldocchi; et al. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 1996. doi:10.1029/96jd00056

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource Predicted isoprene fluxes agreed among canopy models within about 20%.
Method / resource Models overestimated mean observed flux by about twofold.
Method / resource Models overestimated maximum observed flux by 30 to 50%.
Method / resource Reducing the emission factor and biomass density by 20% gave predicted means about 20% above observations.
Method / resource Direction-specific biomass density improved overall model performance.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The linkage analysis revealed 20 genetic linkage groups of Cucurbita maxima.

Taxon: Cucurbita maximaCucurbita maximat0
Outcome: genetic linkage groupse0
Value: 20e0

Verbatim

t0
“Cucurbita maxima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–39

e0
“revealed 20 genetic linkage groups of C. maxima”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 309–356

Title

Genetic linkage map of Cucurbita maxima with molecular and morphological markers

Yu Ge; X. Li 2015

Other claims from this paper (3)

not stated 12

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cucurbita maxima has twenty bivalent chromosomes.

Taxon: C. maximaCucurbita maximae0
Outcome: bivalent chromosomese0
Value: twentye0

Verbatim

e0
“Cucurbita pepo and C. maxima each has twenty bivalent chromosomes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 171–236

Title

Microsporogenesis in the Cucurbitaceae

Sara F. Passmore Botanical Gazette 1930. doi:10.1086/334095

Other claims from this paper (10)

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend NPs as a foliar fertilizer for Citrus maxima on the basis of these comparisons.

Taxon: Citrus maximaCitrus maximat0
Outcome: advantages of NPs as a foliar fertilizere5

Verbatim

t0
“with Citrus maxima leaves”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–62

e5
“exhibited the advantages of NPs as a foliar fertilizer”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1922–1976

Title

Interaction of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with Citrus maxima leaves and the corresponding physiological effects via foliar application

Jing Hu; Huiyuan Guo; Junli Li; et al. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2017. doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0286-1

Other claims from this paper (18)

Intervention effect γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles at 20–100 mg/L did not significantly change chlorophyll content or root activity in Citrus maxima.
Intervention effect Fe3+ at the same exposure range did not significantly change chlorophyll content or root activity in Citrus maxima.
Intervention effect No oxidative stress occurred in Citrus maxima roots under any Fe treatment.
Intervention effect In Citrus maxima shoots, 20 and 50 mg/L γ-Fe2O3 NPs did not induce oxidative stress.
Intervention effect In Citrus maxima shoots, 100 mg/L γ-Fe2O3 NPs induced oxidative stress.
Association Iron accumulation in Citrus maxima shoots was positively correlated with the dosages of γ-Fe2O3 NPs and Fe3+.
Observation Accumulated iron in Citrus maxima shoots was not translocated down to roots.
Intervention effect γ-Fe2O3 NPs down-regulated ferric-chelate reductase (FRO2) gene expression in Citrus maxima.
Intervention effect Fe3+ down-regulated ferric-chelate reductase (FRO2) gene expression in Citrus maxima.
Intervention effect γ-Fe2O3 NPs exposure down-regulated Nramp3 gene expression in Citrus maxima.
Intervention effect The 100 mg/L γ-Fe2O3 NPs treatment gave higher wax content in Citrus maxima leaves.
Intervention effect The 20–100 mg/L Fe3+ treatment gave higher wax content in Citrus maxima.
Association The WIN1 wax-formation gene was downregulated or unchanged in Citrus maxima compared with the control.
Association The ABCG12 wax-transport gene was downregulated or unchanged in Citrus maxima compared with the control.
Intervention effect γ-Fe2O3 NPs foliar spray had an inconsequential effect on Citrus maxima growth.
Intervention effect Fe3+ foliar spray had an inconsequential effect on Citrus maxima growth.
Mechanism γ-Fe2O3 NPs can reduce nutrient loss from Citrus maxima leaves, owing to their strong adsorption ability.
Observation Citrus maxima plants exposed to γ-Fe2O3 NPs and Fe3+ were in iron-replete status.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Synthesized nanoparticles had absorption maxima typical of silver nanoparticles.

Outcome: absorption maximae0
Comparator: AgNPse0

Not reportedTaxonDirection

Verbatim

e0
“The absorption maxima of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were typical to those of AgNPs according to spectroscopy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 345–462

Title

Use of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from leaf extracts of three allelopathic weeds for the management of water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes Mart.)

V. Harikrishnasagar; V.S. Susha; M. Ameena; et al. Indian Journal of Weed Science 2025. doi:10.5958/0974-8164.2025.00057.7

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation Synthesized nanoparticles had a face-centred cubic structure.
Observation Ph-AgNPs had better stability with a zeta potential of -32.7 mV.
Observation Ph-AgNPs had a dynamic-light-scattering size range of 213 nm.
Intervention effect Leaf necrosis differed significantly between 1 ppm Ph-AgNP and equal-concentration Lc-AgNP and Ca-AgNP sprays.
Intervention effect 10 ppm Ph-AgNPs gave the lowest leaf number, length and width at 15 DAT.
Intervention effect 10 ppm Ph-AgNPs gave the lowest bud diameter, root length and height at 15 DAT.
Intervention effect 10 ppm Ph-AgNPs significantly decreased chlorophyll, carbohydrate and protein contents at 5 DAT.
Intervention effect 10 ppm Ph-AgNPs significantly decreased photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance at 5 DAT.
Intervention effect Biosynthesized nanoparticles significantly increased phenol content and SOD activity.
Intervention effect AgNPs made from P. hysterophorus leaf extract effectively inhibited water hyacinth growth.
Recommendation The authors recommend comprehensive long-term realistic-environment studies for accurate AgNP toxicity evaluation.

“maxima”

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Statistics

Physiology, metabolism & abiotic stress 4264

Breeding, agronomy & horticulture 2944

Woody plants 1787

Plant interactions & biotic stress 1422

Development, reproduction & morphology 1284

Ecology, evolution & diversity 858

Molecular genetics & genomics 842

Methods & resources 296

not stated 12