Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Kernel moisture declined significantly during black layer development.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Organ / stage: black layer developmente0
Outcome: Kernel moisturee0
Direction: declinede0

Verbatim

e0
“Kernel moisture declined significantly during black layer development.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 612–682

t0
“Corn1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 27–32

Title

Black Layer Development in Corn¹

W. Eugene Rench; Robert H. Shaw Agronomy Journal 1971. doi:10.2134/agronj1971.00021962006300020031x

Other claims from this paper (4)

Association Peak dry matter accumulation coincided with first kernel black layer formation.
Observation Kernel weight declined significantly as black layer developed.
Association Mature black layer kernel moisture differed between varieties.
Association Mature black layer kernel moisture differed with planting date within a variety.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Self-pollination significantly reduced kernel development.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: Self-pollinatione0
Outcome: kernel developmente0
Direction: reductione0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Self-pollination caused a significant reduction in kernel development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1206–1275

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–111

Title

The role of artificial pollination and pollen effect on ear development and kernel structure of different maize genotypes

Fatih Kahrıman; Cem Ömer Egesel; Tuncay Aydın; et al. Journal of Pollination Ecology 2015. doi:10.26786/1920-7603(2015)1

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought significantly reduced kernel development.

Taxon: waxy maizet0
Organ / stage: Kernele0
Treatment: drought stresse0
Outcome: Kernel developmente0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Kernel development, starch accumulation, and activities of starch biosynthetic enzymes were significantly reduced by drought stress.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 380–512

t0
“waxy maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–109

Title

Proteomics reveals the effects of drought stress on the kernel development and starch formation of waxy maize

Jian Guo; Lingling Qu; Yifan Hu; et al. BMC Plant Biology 2021. doi:10.1186/s12870-021-03214-z

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Drought significantly reduced starch accumulation.
Intervention effect Drought significantly reduced starch biosynthetic enzyme activities.
Intervention effect Drought changed starch granule morphology.
Intervention effect Drought accelerated grain filling rate.
Observation At 10 days after pollination, water stress yielded 487 differentially accumulated proteins.
Observation At 25 days after pollination, water stress yielded 465 differentially accumulated proteins.
Intervention effect Drought downregulated oxidation reduction and oxidoreductase proteins.
Intervention effect Drought downregulated peroxidase, catalase, and glutamine synthetase.
Intervention effect Drought downregulated abscisic acid stress ripening 1 and lipoxygenase.
Intervention effect Several endosperm and starch biosynthesis proteins were upregulated early under water stress.
Mechanism Early protein upregulation may have accelerated endosperm development and starch synthesis.
Observation Seventeen proteins remained upregulated at both sampling stages.
Observation Eleven proteins remained downregulated at both sampling stages.
Observation Four maize homologs were proposed as candidate proteins affecting kernel development and drought response.
Association Drought induced proteomic changes correlated strongly with kernel development and starch accumulation.
Association Kernel development and starch accumulation were closely related to waxy maize yield and quality.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Kernel oil content increased during development in both walnut cultivars.

Taxon: WALNUTt0
Organ / stage: kernel developmente0
Outcome: Oil contentse0
Direction: increasede0

Verbatim

e0
“Oil contents of cultivars increased as parallel to the kernel development. These increases were statistically significant (P <0.05).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 227–359

t0
“WALNUT CULTIVARS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 95–111

Title

COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES OF FATTY ACIDS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF KERNEL OF YALOVA-1 AND YALOVA-4 WALNUT CULTIVARS

M.A. Koyuncu; T. Yarilgac; A. Kazankaya; et al. Acta Horticulturae 2001. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2001.544.81

Other claims from this paper (5)

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

XsPDAT1 expression was positively correlated with oil accumulation during seed kernel development.

Organ / stage: seed kernel developmente0
Gene: XsPDAT1e0
Outcome: oil accumulatione0
Direction: positively correlatede0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“The relative expression of XsPDAT1 was significantly and positively correlated with oil accumulation during seed kernel development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 472–603

Title

Exploring Functional Gene XsPDAT1’s Involvement in Xanthoceras sorbifolium Oil Synthesis and Its Acclimation to Cold Stress

Juan Wang; Hongqian Ren; Zetao Shi; et al. Forests 2024. doi:10.3390/f15101822

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation XsPDAT1 coding sequence was cloned from Xanthoceras sorbifolium and encoded 673 amino acids.
Observation XsPDAT1 expression patterns differed under abiotic stresses.
Intervention effect Cold-stressed XsPDAT1 overexpressing plants had a smaller decline in chlorophyll content than wild type.
Intervention effect Cold-stressed XsPDAT1 overexpressing plants had a smaller rise in relative conductivity than wild type.
Intervention effect Cold-stressed XsPDAT1 overexpressing plants had a larger rise in POD activity than wild type.
Intervention effect Cold-stressed XsPDAT1 overexpressing plants had a larger rise in leaf proline than wild type.
Intervention effect Seeds of transgenic plants had significantly more oleic and linoleic acids than wild type.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Vitamin E contents significantly increased during kernel development and peaked at 30 DAP.

Taxon: sweet corne0
Organ / stage: kernel developmente0
Outcome: contents of all the types of vitamin Ee0
Direction: increasee0
Qualifier: 30 days after pollination (DAP)e0

Verbatim

e0
“The contents of all the types of vitamin E in sweet corn had a significant upward increase during kernel development, and reached the highest level at 30 days after pollination (DAP)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 411–593

Title

Evaluation of Biosynthesis, Accumulation and Antioxidant Activityof Vitamin E in Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) during Kernel Development

Lihua Xie; Yongtao Yu; Jihua Mao; et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2017. doi:10.3390/ijms18122780

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation ZmHPT and ZmTC expression increased during kernel development.
Observation ZmTMT expression decreased during kernel development.
Observation γ-tocotrienol content was highest and increased 14.9 folds.
Observation α-tocopherol content increased 22 folds.
Observation Antioxidant activity increased to 101.8 ± 22.3 μmol of α-tocopherol equivalent per 100 g fresh weight at 30 DAP.
Association Vitamin E contents were positively correlated with antioxidant activity during kernel development.
Association ZmTMT expression was negatively correlated with vitamin E contents.
Recommendation The authors propose harvesting strategy for vitamin E bio-fortification in sweet corn.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Sweet corn silk increased larval development time relative to kernel tissue.

Taxon: sweet corne0
Organ / stage: Silk tissuee0
Treatment: Silk tissuee0
Interactor: European Corn BorerOstrinia nubilalist0pest
Outcome: larval development timee0
Direction: increasede0
Comparator: kernel tissuee0

Verbatim

e0
“Silk tissue from several sweet corn genotypes significantly reduced larval weight and increased total larval development time compared with kernel tissue.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1022–1176

t0
“Sweet Corn Antibiosis on European Corn Borer”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 35–79

Title

Labortory Bioassays for Evaluating Sweet Corn Antibiosis on European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larval Development

Daniel F. Warnock; William D. Hutchison; Timothy J. Kurtti; et al. Journal of Entomological Science 1997. doi:10.18474/0749-8004-32.3.342

Other claims from this paper (6)

Method / resource Larvae on a diet with limited contaminant control weighed more than those on a high control diet.
Intervention effect Sweet corn silk reduced larval weight relative to kernel tissue.
Observation Silk tissue occupied about three times the volume of equal weight kernel tissue.
Method / resource Weight versus volume incorporation usually did not change larval weight or pupation time within a genotype.
Method / resource Weight basis incorporation was most time efficient.
Recommendation Future corn borer antibiosis assays should use limited control agent diet and silk incorporated by weight.

Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Variety and kernel development stage significantly affected anthocyanin content in waxy maize.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Organ / stage: kernel development stagese1
Outcome: anthocyanine1

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“in maize kernels at 14, 18, 22, and 26 days after pollination”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 330–391

e1
“The result show that the varieties and kernel development stages had significant effect on the carotenoid, soluble sugar, vitamin C, anthocyanin, and mineral element content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 409–582

Title

Evaluation of Functional Quality of Maize with Different Grain Colors and Differences in Enzymatic Properties of Anthocyanin Metabolism

Jing Li; Zhanqiang Chen; Baojie Su; et al. Foods 2025. doi:10.3390/foods14040544

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The principal fatty acids differed between cultivars at nearly every kernel stage.

Taxon: Torreya grandisTorreya grandist0
Outcome: main FAse0
Qualifier: almost each kernel development stagese0

Verbatim

e0
“The significant differences in main FAs were observed at almost each kernel development stages between the two cultivars.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 696–817

t0
“Torreya grandis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 137–152

Title

Comparative de novo Transcriptome Analysis of Two Cultivars With Contrasting Content of Oil and Fatty Acids During Kernel Development in Torreya grandis

Chi Zhang; Haokai Liu; Hui Zhang; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2022. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909759

Other claims from this paper (10)

Association Oil accumulation rates differed between cultivars.
Association Mature Xifei kernels had 52.87% oil versus 41.62% in Dielsii.
Observation C16:0, C18:1 and C20:3 fatty acids had different accumulation patterns between cultivars.
Observation C20:3 fatty acid content and onset of accumulation differed between cultivars.
Method / resource The transcriptome assembly yielded 142,213 unigenes and 16,379 long annotated unigenes.
Method / resource The assembly annotated 139 unigenes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation and metabolism.
Association Xifei had 1,476, 2,140 and 1,145 upregulated genes across the three oil accumulation stages.
Observation Xifei had 913, 1,245 and 904 downregulated genes across the three stages.
Method / resource RT-qPCR confirmed relative expression of 11 fatty acid related genes.
Association Differentially expressed transcription factors and pathway genes correlated with oil and fatty acids.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Amino acid content varied significantly during almond kernel development.

Taxon: almondPrunus dulcist0
Outcome: amino acid contente0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Significant variations of amino acid content were detected.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 638–697

t0
“almond seeds”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–86

Title

Changes in carbohydrate and protein content and composition of developing almond seeds

Lourdes Soler; Jaime Canellas; Fulgencio Saura-Calixto Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1989. doi:10.1021/jf00089a042

Other claims from this paper (5)

“kernel development”

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Over time

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