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“kernel fissuring”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Further reducing harvest moisture to 15% increased kernel fissuring.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Treatment: decreasing HMC to 15%e0
Outcome: kernel fissuringe0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“further decreasing HMC to 15% also increased kernel fissuring and decreased HRY”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1110–1189

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 106–110

Title

Effects of Nitrogen Rate and Harvest Moisture Content on Physicochemical Properties and Milling Yields of Rice

Brandon C. Grigg; Terry J. Siebenmorgen; Richard J. Norman Cereal Chemistry 2015. doi:10.1094/cchem-06-15-0130-r

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Nitrogen rate minimally affected milled rice yield.
Intervention effect Harvest moisture content minimally affected milled rice yield.
Intervention effect Increasing nitrogen reduced brown rice kernel length and thickness.
Intervention effect Increasing nitrogen reduced chalkiness of brown rice and head rice.
Intervention effect Increasing nitrogen reduced head rice flour viscosity.
Intervention effect Increasing nitrogen increased brown rice and head rice crude protein content.
Intervention effect Increasing nitrogen increased head rice yield.
Recommendation Nitrogen rates as low as 90 kg of N/ha could be used for milling yield and head rice functionality if recommendations change.
Observation Significant interactions between nitrogen rate and harvest moisture were infrequent and associated with zero nitrogen.
Intervention effect Reducing harvest moisture from 23 to 19% reduced kernel length and thickness.
Intervention effect Reducing harvest moisture from 23 to 19% increased crude protein content and chalkiness.
Intervention effect Further reducing harvest moisture to 15% decreased head rice yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 45 °C and 50 °C grain inversion did not change kernel fissuring.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativae2
Treatment: grain inversione1
Outcome: kernel fissuringe1
Direction: did not affecte1
Qualifier: 45°C and 50°Ce1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“At 45°C and 50°C, grain inversion did not affect kernel fissuring.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1509–1575

e2
“Rice samples of long-grain cultivar Roy J”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 943–984

Title

Effect of Grain Inverters in Cross-Flow Dryers on Kernel Fissuring and Head Rice Yield Reduction

Zephania R. Odek; Bhagwati Prakash; Terry J. Siebenmorgen Transactions of the ASABE 2020. doi:10.13031/trans.13973

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect One or two inversions minimized fissuring near the plenum at 55 °C or 60 °C versus no inversion.
Intervention effect One or two inversions significantly minimized head rice yield reduction above 55 °C under either tempering approach.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Physical properties such as kernel slenderness ratio are effective on fissuring of rough rice.

Taxon: rough ricet0
Outcome: fissuringe6
Qualifier: physical properties such as kernel slenderness ratioe6

Verbatim

t0
“Long and Medium Rough Rice Varieties”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–125

e6
“physical properties such as kernel slenderness ratio is effective on its fissuring”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1605–1687

Title

Effect of Intermittent Drying Conditions on Fissuring Percentage and Process Duration of Long and Medium Rough Rice Varieties

A. Ghasemi; M. Sadeghi; S. A. Mireei Journal of Crop production and processing 2016. doi:10.18869/acadpub.jcpp.5.18.51

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Tempering significantly reduced the drying time relative to continuous drying without tempering.
Intervention effect Tempering significantly reduced the fissured kernels percentage relative to continuous drying without tempering.
Intervention effect Rice fissuring decreased significantly as tempering continued up to certain durations, for both varieties.
Recommendation Tempering of 160 and 200 min after 40 min drying was found appropriate for Hashemi and Koohsar varieties, respectively.
Association Koohsar (medium grain) had higher fissuring than Hashemi (long grain).

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield and kernel fissuring were inversely related in most genotypes.

Taxon: RICEOryza sativat0
Outcome: kernel fissuringe0
Direction: inversee0
Qualifier: most genotypese0
Comparator: yielde0

Verbatim

t0
“WHOLEGRAIN AND MILLED RICE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 80–106

e0
“An inverse relationship between yield and kernel fissuring was observed in most genotypes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1953–2042

Title

INTERRELATION BETWEEN STRUCTURAL YIELD ELEMENTS AND TECHNOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF WHOLEGRAIN AND MILLED RICE IN NEW RICE CULTIVARS

R. R. Dzhamirze; N. V. Ostapenko PROCEEDINGS ON APPLIED BOTANY GENETICS AND BREEDING 2019. doi:10.30901/2227-8834-2019-3-26-31

Other claims from this paper (19)

Association Four rice cultivars exceeded Flagman for economically useful traits.
Observation Selected rice cultivars yielded 9.0 t/ha.
Observation VNIIR 10244 had 1000 grain weight of 29.3 g.
Observation VNIIR 10275 had 1000 grain weight of 28.1 g.
Observation VNIIR 10279 had 1000 grain weight of 30.4 g.
Observation VNIIR 10282 had 1000 grain weight of 26.3 g.
Observation VNIIR 10244 hull percentage was 17.7%.
Observation VNIIR 10275 hull percentage was 19.7%.
Observation VNIIR 10279 hull percentage was 19.5%.
Observation VNIIR 10282 hull percentage was 21.4%.
Observation VNIIR 10244 wholegrain content was 88.5%.
Observation VNIIR 10275 wholegrain content was 93.5%.
Observation VNIIR 10279 wholegrain content was 89.4%.
Observation VNIIR 10282 wholegrain content was 97.8%.
Mechanism High yields were attributed to 150–160 fertile spikelets and 9.8–12.6 panicle density.
Association Yield traits correlated positively with wholegrain content in four named cultivars.
Observation VNIIR 10244 and VNIIR 10279 were identified as promising large-grain cultivars.
Observation VNIIR 10275 and VNIIR 10282 were identified as promising medium-grain cultivars.
Recommendation The best selected genotypes were slated for State Variety Trials.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rice kernel fissuring increased with RF exposure time.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Treatment: RF exposure timee0
Outcome: kernel fissuringe0
Direction: increasede0

Verbatim

e0
“kernel fissuring increased with increasing RF exposure time”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1535–1594

t0
“Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) using a Radio Frequency Heating Prototype for Small and Medium Enterprises”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–120

e1
“In terms of heated rice quality”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1418–1449

Title

Controlling Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) using a Radio Frequency Heating Prototype for Small and Medium Enterprises

Apichaya Jakkoksung; Parichat Theanjumpol; Viboon Changrue; et al. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 2024. doi:10.12982/cmjs.2024.069

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation Adults were the most RF-tolerant maize weevil stage.
Intervention effect Egg, larval and pupal maize weevils had 100% mortality at 380 volts for 3 min.
Intervention effect Rice in PP bags reached higher temperatures than rice in PE bags across four RF powers.
Intervention effect RF heating for 4 min at 380 volts completely controlled maize weevil in milled rice.
Intervention effect RF heating did not significantly change rice chalkiness or moisture content.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drying at 130°C or higher caused severe kernel fissuring.

Taxon: germinated brown ricee0 t0 e1 e2
Treatment: drying at 130°C or highere0 t0 e1 e2
Outcome: severe fissuring on the kernele0 t0 e1 e2

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“The high drying rate, in particular drying at 130°C or higher, caused severe fissuring on the kernel”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 948–1048

t0
“Germinated Brown Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–21

e1
“The high drying rate, in particular drying at 130°C or higher, caused severe fissuring on the kernel”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 948–1048

e2
“The GABA contents of germinated brown rice insignificantly changed with drying temperatures”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1162–1253

Title

Germinated Brown Rice Drying by Hot Air Fluidization Technique

Naruebodee Srisang; Somkiat Prachayawarakorn; Warunee Varanyanond; et al. Drying Technology 2010. doi:10.1080/07373937.2010.482691

Other claims from this paper (5)

Association Drying rate increased as drying temperature increased.
Association Kernel fissuring affected the shape and hardness of cooked rice.
Intervention effect GABA content did not change significantly across drying temperatures.
Association GABA content did not depend on rice variety.
Observation Attached bacteria, yeast, and mold populations on dried rice were below 104 CFU/g.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Kernel fissuring affected the shape and hardness of cooked rice.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0 t0 e1 e2
Organ / stage: kernele0 t0 e1 e2
Outcome: cooked rice shape and textural property of rice; that is, hardnesse0 t0 e1 e2
Qualifier: this fissuringe0 t0 e1 e2

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“this fissuring subsequently affected the cooked rice shape and textural property of rice; that is, hardness.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1053–1161

t0
“Germinated Brown Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–21

e1
“The high drying rate, in particular drying at 130°C or higher, caused severe fissuring on the kernel”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 948–1048

e2
“The GABA contents of germinated brown rice insignificantly changed with drying temperatures”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1162–1253

Title

Germinated Brown Rice Drying by Hot Air Fluidization Technique

Naruebodee Srisang; Somkiat Prachayawarakorn; Warunee Varanyanond; et al. Drying Technology 2010. doi:10.1080/07373937.2010.482691

Other claims from this paper (5)

Association Drying rate increased as drying temperature increased.
Intervention effect Drying at 130°C or higher caused severe kernel fissuring.
Intervention effect GABA content did not change significantly across drying temperatures.
Association GABA content did not depend on rice variety.
Observation Attached bacteria, yeast, and mold populations on dried rice were below 104 CFU/g.

Recommendationhypothesisoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Tempering duration required to prevent kernel fissuring might be longer than that required to maintain a high HRY

Taxon: riceOryza sativae0
Outcome: tempering duration required for preventing kernel fissuringe4

Verbatim

e0
“When a rice kernel fissures, it can break in subsequent food processing operations and lose its commercial value”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–112

e4
“Thus, the tempering duration required for preventing kernel fissuring might be longer than the tempering duration required for maintaining a high HRY”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1294–1443

Title

Correlating fissure occurrence to rice quality for various drying and tempering treatments

Monica Jimenez; Terry Siebenmorgen; A. G. Cnossen Discovery The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural Food and Life Sciences 2001. doi:10.54119/discovery.zklg2319

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect The percentage of fissured rice kernels generally decreased with tempering
Observation Some rice samples still showed many fissures even after extended tempering
Observation Some rice samples with many fissures after extended tempering still had a high HRY

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Experiments showed more severe kernel fissuring at higher drying temperatures.

Taxon: germinated brown rice kernelst0
Treatment: higher drying temperaturese4
Outcome: GBR fissuringe4
Direction: more severee4

Verbatim

t0
“germinated brown rice kernels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–81

e4
“These stress prediction results corresponded to the experiments, which show more severe GBR fissuring at higher drying temperatures.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1079–1211

Title

Modeling heat and mass transfer–induced stresses in germinated brown rice kernels during fluidized bed drying

Naruebodee Srisang; Somchart Soponronnarit; Ratiya Thuwapanichayanan; et al. Drying Technology 2015. doi:10.1080/07373937.2015.1066385

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource Predicted kernel moisture and temperature agreed well with experiments.
Observation Tensile stress occurred near the kernel surface during drying.
Observation Compressive stress occurred in the inner kernel during drying.
Observation Tensile and compressive stresses peaked at about 30 seconds of drying and subsequently decreased.
Association Tensile and compressive stress was higher at higher drying temperature.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

No rice kernel fissuring occurred under desorption at RH 23.4% down to 6% moisture.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Treatment: moisture-desorbing environment with RH; 23.4%e0
Outcome: no kernel fissuringe0
Qualifier: moisture content was reduced to as low as 6% (d.b.) from 23.3% (d.b.)e0

Verbatim

e0
“no kernel fissuring occurred in the moisture-desorbing environment with RH; 23.4% evenwhen the moisture content was reduced to as low as 6% (d.b.) from 23.3% (d.b.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 742–906

t0
“Rice Kernels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 39–51

Title

Dimension Measurement and Fissuring of Rice Kernels During Moisture Sorption by Image Analysis

Naoto SHIMIZU; M. A. HAQUE; M. ANDERSSON; et al. 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006 2006. doi:10.13031/2013.20884

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation Rice kernels fissured during adsorption at RH 88.72% as moisture rose from 6% to 16.3%.
Observation Kernel length increased from 4.86mm to 5.50mm during adsorption.
Observation Kernel width increased from 2.75 mm to 2.86 mm during adsorption.
Observation Kernel length decreased from 5.13 mm to 4,84 mm during desorption.
Observation Kernel width decreased from 2.9 mm to 2.73 mm during desorption.

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“kernel fissuring”

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