Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Citronellal reduced total phenolics and soluble quinones in fresh-cut taro.

Treatment: CA (0.2 mL/L) treatmente0
Outcome: contents of total phenolic compounds and soluble quinonese0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“CA (0.2 mL/L) treatment markedly reduced the contents of total phenolic compounds and soluble quinones”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 713–815

Title

Anti-browning effects of citronellal on fresh-cut taro (Colocasia esculenta) slices under cold storage condition

Bin Wang; Yukun Wang; Yongyan Huang; et al. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 2022. doi:10.3389/fsufs.2022.1001362

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Low-dose citronellal gave the best antibrowning effect, maintaining L* and reducing a*, b* and browning index.
Intervention effect A repeat experiment confirmed the antibrowning effect of 0.2 mL/L citronellal.
Intervention effect Citronellal restrained phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities.
Intervention effect Citronellal downregulated expression of 18 browning-related enzymes.
Intervention effect Citronellal significantly decreased malondialdehyde content and lipoxygenase activity.
Association Cell membrane lipid peroxidation was mostly correlated with fresh-cut taro browning.
Mechanism The authors proposed that citronellal partly reduces browning by alleviating membrane lipid peroxidation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Melatonin reduced peroxidase activities and soluble quinones.

Taxon: lotusLotust0
Treatment: melatonine1
Outcome: peroxidase activities and soluble quinonese0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 35–67

e1
“40 mmol/L melatonin selected for repressing the browning of lotus roots significantly delayed the decrease in water, total soluble solid content, and Vitamin C”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 655–814

e0
“reduced peroxidase activities and soluble quinones”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1102–1152

Title

Biochemical Mechanism of Fresh-Cut Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) Root with Exogenous Melatonin Treatment by Multiomics Analysis

Ting Min; Keyan Lu; Jinhui Chen; et al. Foods 2022. doi:10.3390/foods12010044

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Melatonin delayed loss of water, soluble solids and Vitamin C in fresh-cut lotus roots.
Intervention effect Melatonin decreased microorganism growth on lotus roots.
Intervention effect Melatonin enhanced total phenolic content.
Intervention effect Melatonin improved total antioxidant capacity.
Intervention effect Melatonin lowered reactive oxygen species contents.
Intervention effect Melatonin enhanced phenylalanine ammonialyase, polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities.
Association NnSOD, NnCAT and some NnPOD transcripts followed a pattern similar to enzyme activity.
Mechanism The authors infer that melatonin enhanced antioxidant and AsA-GSH systems through ROS-related genes, improving browning resistance and quality.
Intervention effect Melatonin suppressed spoilage organisms in the lotus microbiome.
Observation Metabolites from four metabolic pathways were implicated in the browning process.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Melatonin-treated fresh-cut Chinese water chestnuts had significantly lower total phenolics and soluble quinones.

Taxon: Chinese water chestnutsEleocharis dulcise0
Treatment: melatonin-treatede4
Outcome: total phenolics and soluble quinonese4
Direction: lowere4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Fresh-cut Chinese water chestnuts (CWCs) are prone to quality deterioration during storage”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–99

e4
“melatonin-treated fresh-cut CWCs exhibited significantly lower total phenolics and soluble quinones and suppressed the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 633–829

Title

Melatonin maintains the storage quality of fresh-cut Chinese water chestnuts by regulating phenolic and reactive oxygen species metabolism

Yuhan Xu; Jian Yu; Jinhui Chen; et al. Food Quality and Safety 2022. doi:10.1093/fqsafe/fyac002

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cassava roots grown at 120 kg ha–1 P2O5 had increased soluble quinones.

Taxon: cassavaManihot esculentat0
Treatment: 120 kg ha–1 P2O5e0
Outcome: soluble quinonese0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Roots grown at 120 kg ha–1 P2O5 showed higher detection of hydrogen peroxide, which was accompanied by increased phenolic compounds, soluble quinones, and antioxidant capacity and increased activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 566–871

t0
“Phosphate Fertilization as a Modulator of Enzymatic Browning in Minimally Processed Cassava”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–91

Title

Phosphate Fertilization as a Modulator of Enzymatic Browning in Minimally Processed Cassava

Danielle da Silva Eugênio; Kelem Silva Fonseca; Ariel Sharon de Araújo Nogueira Marcelino; et al. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2021. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02590

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Higher soil P supply increased cassava root phosphorus content.
Intervention effect Higher soil P supply increased cassava stem phosphorus content.
Intervention effect Higher soil P supply did not improve agro-industrial yields.
Intervention effect Cassava roots grown at 120 kg ha–1 P2O5 had increased hydrogen peroxide.
Intervention effect Cassava roots grown at 120 kg ha–1 P2O5 had increased phenolic compounds.
Intervention effect Cassava roots grown at 120 kg ha–1 P2O5 had increased antioxidant capacity.
Intervention effect Cassava roots grown at 120 kg ha–1 P2O5 had increased superoxide dismutase activity.
Intervention effect Cassava roots grown at 120 kg ha–1 P2O5 had increased catalase activity.
Intervention effect Cassava roots grown at 120 kg ha–1 P2O5 had increased ascorbate peroxidase activity.
Intervention effect Cassava roots grown at 120 kg ha–1 P2O5 had increased polyphenol oxidase activity.
Intervention effect Cassava roots grown at 120 kg ha–1 P2O5 had increased peroxidase activity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

L-cysteine at 0.1% significantly slowed browning, respiration activity and soluble o-quinones formation in fresh-cut iceberg lettuce.

Taxon: iceberg lettucee0
Treatment: L-cysteine at 0.1%e1
Outcome: browning, respiration activity and soluble o-quinones formatione1
Direction: slowed downe1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Fresh-cut iceberg lettuce was treated with two different concentrations of L-cysteine”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–85

e1
“L-cysteine at 0.1% was selected because it significantly slowed down browning, respiration activity and soluble o-quinones formation and preserved the antioxidant activity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 163–334

Title

Evaluation of L-Cysteine as Anti-Browning Agent in Fresh-Cut Lettuce Processing

Bernardo Pace; Imperatrice Capotorto; Maddalena Ventura; et al. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 2014. doi:10.1111/jfpp.12312

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect L-cysteine at 0.1% preserved the antioxidant activity of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce.
Intervention effect L-cysteine treatment with modified-atmosphere storage increased fresh-cut lettuce shelf life by 40% relative to control samples.
Intervention effect Fresh-cut lettuce dipped in L-cysteine obtained better sensory scores than control.
Recommendation L-cysteine is a suitable anti-browning agent that could be used in fresh-cut lettuce processing.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The browning inhibition by irradiation is attributed to delayed degradation of total phenolics and suppressed accumulation of soluble quinones.

Taxon: lotus rootNelumbo nuciferae0
Outcome: inhibitory effecte1
Qualifier: delayed degradation of total phenolics and the suppressed accumulation of soluble quinonese1

Verbatim

e0
“Fresh-cut lotus root is highly susceptible to quality deterioration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–67

e1
“This inhibitory effect was attributed to the delayed degradation of total phenolics and the suppressed accumulation of soluble quinones”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 552–687

Title

Synergistic action of ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation on quality preservation of fresh-cut lotus root: microbial control and targeted polyphenol oxidase suppression

Dongjie Liu; Shihui Zhang; Feng Wang; et al. Food Innovation and Advances 2026. doi:10.48130/fia-0026-0008

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Irradiation effectively controlled total bacterial numbers in fresh-cut lotus root within 5 log10 CFU/g during storage.
Intervention effect Irradiation significantly inhibited browning of fresh-cut lotus root.
Intervention effect Irradiation at 1 kGy reduced the browning index of fresh-cut lotus root by 19.6% relative to the control.
Intervention effect Irradiation at 2 kGy reduced the browning index of fresh-cut lotus root by 25.3% relative to the control.
Intervention effect Irradiation at 3 kGy reduced the browning index of fresh-cut lotus root by 28.6% relative to the control.
Intervention effect Irradiation induced a dose-dependent inhibition of PPO activity in fresh-cut lotus root.
Intervention effect The 3 kGy treatment exerted the strongest suppressive effect on PPO.
Intervention effect Irradiation left PAL and POD activities unaffected.
Intervention effect Three kGy irradiation induced rearrangements in the secondary structure of PPO.
Intervention effect Three kGy irradiation disrupted the tertiary structure of PPO.
Intervention effect Three kGy irradiation reduced the alpha-helix content of PPO from 35.4% to 18.4%.
Intervention effect Three kGy irradiation shifted the fluorescence spectra of PPO by a 12 nm redshift.
Intervention effect Three kGy irradiation significantly quenched PPO fluorescence.
Mechanism Disruption of PPO tertiary structure exposes its hydrophobic core and leads to functional inactivation of the enzyme.
Mechanism 60Co-gamma irradiation maintains fresh-cut lotus root quality mainly through direct microbial inactivation and suppression of the PPO-mediated browning pathway.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

StPHB3 mutation reduced soluble quinone production.

Taxon: potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
Treatment: Mutation of StPHB3e0
Outcome: production of soluble quinonese0
Direction: lesse0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Mutation of StPHB3 caused lower browning, less production of soluble quinones”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 715–792

t0
“potatoes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–60

Title

Prohibitin StPHB3 affects the browning of fresh-cut potatoes via influencing antioxidant capacity and polyphenol oxidase activation

Jingkun Shi; Wenxin Xie; Shuna Li; et al. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2023. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2023.112598

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation StPHB3 transcript levels rose in potato tubers after cutting.
Intervention effect StPHB3 mutation reduced fresh-cut potato browning.
Intervention effect StPHB3 mutation decreased malondialdehyde content.
Intervention effect Disrupting StPHB3 reduced polyphenol oxidase activity.
Intervention effect Disrupting StPHB3 reduced StPOT32 transcript level.
Observation StPHB3 was located in the chloroplast.
Observation StPHB3 interacted with PPO in protein assays.
Intervention effect Mature PPO content decreased in stphb3 mutants.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In red clover, polyphenol oxidase-formed o-quinones reduced buffer soluble protein.

Taxon: red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
Treatment: formed by polyphenol oxidasee1
Outcome: SPe1
Direction: reducede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1001–1036

e1
“formed by polyphenol oxidase reduced SP and increased RUP to yield 50% more IAP in hay and 88% more IAP in silage than alfalfa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1050–1176

Title

Mechanical Maceration Divergently Shifts Protein Degradability in Condensed‐Tannin vs. o‐Quinone Containing Conserved Forages

John H. Grabber Crop Science 2008. doi:10.2135/cropsci2007.08.0461

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Maceration instead of roll conditioning reduced buffer soluble protein in alfalfa.
Intervention effect Maceration had little effect on rumen-undegradable protein and intestinal available protein of alfalfa.
Intervention effect In birdsfoot trefoil, condensed tannin and maceration independently reduced buffer soluble protein.
Intervention effect In birdsfoot trefoil, condensed tannin and maceration increased rumen-undegradable protein.
Intervention effect Birdsfoot trefoil hay gave up to 62% more intestinal available protein than alfalfa.
Intervention effect Birdsfoot trefoil silage gave 145% more intestinal available protein than alfalfa.
Recommendation Macerated forage with more modest condensed tannin levels should meet a 350 g RUP per kg CP target.
Intervention effect In red clover, polyphenol oxidase-formed o-quinones increased rumen-undegradable protein.
Intervention effect Red clover hay gave 50% more intestinal available protein than alfalfa.
Intervention effect Red clover silage gave 88% more intestinal available protein than alfalfa.
Intervention effect Maceration reduced soluble protein, rumen-undegradable protein and intestinal available protein in clover.
Association After maceration, RUP and IAP in conserved clover and trefoil responded similarly to condensed tannin.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Quinones, anthraquinones and carbohydrates were present only in the methanol extract.

Taxon: Cassia fistulaCassia fistulat0
Organ / stage: seed podst0
Outcome: quinones, anthraquinones & carbohydratese2
Qualifier: only present in methanol extracte2
Setting: Bangladesht0

Verbatim

t0
“seed pods of Cassia fistula growing in Bangladesh”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 125–174

e2
“quinones, anthraquinones & carbohydrates were only present in methanol extract”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 526–604

Title

Phytochemical screening of plant extracts and GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane soluble part of the crude chloroform extract of seed pods of Cassia fistula growing in Bangladesh

Meher Nigar Mousumy; Farid Uddin; Koushik Saha Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2025. doi:10.22271/phyto.2025.v14.i1c.15238

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The lower combination reduced phenolic, soluble quinone, intermediate and advanced product content.

Taxon: potatoesSolanum tuberosumt0
Treatment: US + 0.01% HLEe1
Outcome: content of phenolic, soluble quinones, intermediate, and advanced productse0
Direction: diminishede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“the content of phenolic, soluble quinones, intermediate, and advanced products were significantly diminished”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 838–946

e1
“lower concentration combinations (US + 0.01% HLE)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 600–649

t0
“fresh-cut potatoes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 113–131

Title

Less hawthorn leaf extract produced a better anti-browning effect when combined with ultrasound: a case study in fresh-cut potatoes

Liping Qiao; Ziyu Zhao; Hailin Wang; et al. Food Innovation and Advances 2025. doi:10.48130/fia-0025-0026

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect US plus 0.05% HLE delayed potato browning more than individual applications.
Intervention effect US plus 0.01% HLE inhibited browning more than US plus 0.05% HLE.
Intervention effect The lower combination reduced polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities.
Intervention effect The lower combination decreased malondialdehyde and H2O2.
Intervention effect The lower combination decreased lipoxygenase activity.
Intervention effect The lower combination increased catalase, superoxide dismutase and antioxidant capacity.
Association All measured parameters except phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were correlated with browning development.
Intervention effect The lower combination accumulated less phenolic, intermediate and advanced products than the optimal combination.
Mechanism The authors infer that the lower combination mediates browning and ROS redox imbalance.
Recommendation The authors recommend US plus 0.01% HLE for discoloration control.

“soluble quinones”

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