Intervention effectmodel-written summary

Azotobacter and PSB seed treatment with nano urea at 4 ml/L gave superior plant height of 127.06 cm.

A claim from Effect of biofertilizer and nano urea on growth and yield of oats (Avena sativa L.) · 2025

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Azotobacter and PSB seed treatment with nano urea at 4 ml/L gave superior plant height of 127.06 cm.

Taxon
Avena sativaAvena sativat0
Treatment
Azotobacter (25 g) + PSB (25 g) per kg seed + Nano urea @ 4 ml/Le1
Interactor
AzotobacterAzotobactere1symbiont
Second interactor
PSBe1symbiont
Outcome
plant heighte1
Direction
superiore1
Value
127.06 cme1

Not reportedMaterialGeneCompoundOrgan / stageComparatorSettingQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Azotobacter
Azotobacter · Interactor · picture of the genus (one of its species)DAN H. JONES · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Avena sativa L.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–82
e1

“the significantly superior performance in terms of plant height (127.06 cm), number of tillers per m² (373.67), plant dry weight (25.73 g), spike length (34.74 cm), spike weight (5.49 g), number of grains per spike (121.60), grain yield (2.77 t/ha), and straw yield (5.96 t/ha) were recorded in treatment 9 with the application of [Azotobacter (25 g) + PSB (25 g) per kg seed + Nano urea @ 4 ml/L]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1209–1606

Title

Effect of biofertilizer and nano urea on growth and yield of oats (Avena sativa L.)

Sumit Kumar Kushwaha; Vikram Singh; Amit Kumar International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research 2025. doi:10.33545/26174693.2025.v9.i8sq.5335

Other claims from this paper (7)

Record rev-e278cd9fd249cbfaa98cc7fd0e38b0b5d3ed2ff91a582d6f23a19773dceda9ec · schema claims-v0.9 · position 1 in the model’s answer

Azotobacter · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this claim

  1. positive
    Seed inoculation with Azotobacter increased dry matter yield by 5.93% over uninoculated control.

    Integrated nitrogen management in fodder oats (Avena sativa) in hot arid ecosystem of Rajasthan · 2001 · compared with uninoculated control

    Same direction

  2. positive
    T8 gave the highest oat plant height across three years.

    Effect of nutrient management practices on soil fertility and productivity of dual purpose Oat (Avena sativa L.) · 2024

    Same direction

  3. positive
    Azotobacter with 150 kg nitrogen produced the highest plant height, 118 cm.

    Yield and quality of forage oat under the seed inoculation and nitrogen application · 2025 · compared with other treatments

    Same direction

See all 4 papers →

inoculation · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Results differ

33 papers: 30 positive, 3 negative or no effect

29 papers in the same direction as this claim · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
    Inoculation with T. viride did not increase growth of 6-month-old oat plants in Cd-contaminated soil.

    The Contribution of Trichoderma viride and Metallothioneins in Enhancing the Seed Quality of Avena sativa L. in Cd-Contaminated Soil · 2024

    Opposite direction

  2. no effect
    PGPR inoculants had no significant difference on the height of oat.

    Effect of different bio-fertilizers on hay yield of oat · 2013 · compared with control

    Opposite direction

  3. no effect
    Single and mixed race inocula did not differ significantly in prepenetration development.

    Effect of temperature, light and host on prepenetration development of Puccinia graminis avenae and Puccinia coronata avenae · 1976 · compared with single

    No difference from an alternative

  4. positive
    Inoculation increased plant height by 9.58%.

    Dry matter yield and forage quality traits of oat ( Avena sativa L.) under integrative use of microbial and synthetic source of nitrogen · 2015 · compared with uninoculation

    Same direction

  5. positive
    Individual Bacillus inocula and consortia had positive effects on oat seed germination in vitro.

    Comparison of the plant growth-promotion performance of a consortium of Bacilli inoculated as endospores or as vegetative cells · 2019

    Same direction

  6. positive
    Enterobacter sp.N0-29PA inoculation significantly increased oat biomass.

    Short-term study shows that phytate-mineralizing rhizobacteriainoculation affects thebiomass, phosphorus (P) uptake and rhizosphere properties of cereal plants · 2015

    Same direction

  7. positive
    Inoculation with the bacterial isolates increased plant biomass, root area and total N content of Pakistani oat variety Swan.

    Potential role of rhizobacteria isolated from Northwestern China for enhancing wheat and oat yield · 2007

    Same direction

  8. positive
    LAB inoculation decreased oat silage dry matter loss.

    Effects of LAB Inoculants on the Fermentation Quality, Chemical Composition, and Bacterial Community of Oat Silage on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau · 2022 · compared with control

    Same direction

24 papers more in this group

See all 33 papers →

nanoparticle · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results

12 papers: 10 positive, 2 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this claim · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
    A 1000 mg/kg dose decreased root mass at tillering.

    REACTION OF OAT PLANTS TO THE PRESENCE OF ALUMINUM NANOPARTICLES IN THE NUTRIENT SUBSTRATE · 2025

    Opposite direction

  2. negative
    Cerium oxide nanoparticle contamination reduced oat fresh biomass by 49%.

    Mitigating Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Stress in Oat Under Elevated CO 2 Using Micromonospora sp. Treatment · 2026

    Opposite direction

  3. positive
    Synergistic growth effects from NP addition occurred at more sites under high than low fertilization.

    Interactions of nitrogen and phosphorus in plant nutrition - Analysis of a 60-years old field experiment · 2024 · compared with low fertilization

    Same direction

  4. positive
    Nanoparticle seed priming increased root development, leaf length, and total plant weight in oat at 30 and 90 days.

    Field Crop Evaluation of Polymeric Nanoparticles of Garlic Extract–Chitosan as Biostimulant Seed Nano-Priming in Cereals and Transcriptomic Insights · 2024

    Same direction

  5. positive
    Cu- and B-modified nanocomposites increased oat height by 7%.

    Glauconite-Based Nanocomposites with Zn/Cu/B: Multifunctional Micronutrient Fertilizers · 2024

    Same direction

  6. positive
    Fungilex with NanoSilicon stimulated oat growth and height.

    Combined use of microbiological preparations and Nano Silicon in oats cultivation · 2020

    Same direction

  7. positive
    Presowing vermicompost and nanobiohumus suspensions increased oat height by 3.8 to 26.1%.

    INFLUENCE OF ORGANOMINERAL SUSPENSIONS AND ITS NANO-ANALOGUES ON THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF OAT CROP · 2019 · compared with other options

    Same direction

  8. positive
    Mixture of cobalt and copper nanoparticles at 0.5 g per seed rate per hectare increases field germination of oat by 5.0% relative to control

    Morpho-physiological and productive indicators of oat under the influence of nanopowders of cobalt and copper trace elements · 2020 · compared with control

    Same direction

3 papers more in this group

See all 12 papers →

3 of 5 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.