Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human and animal health, with antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-viral properties, and wheat is a major dietary source of Se. Field trials on two soil types in South Australia showed that grain Se concentration increased progressively with applied Se, whether soil- or foliar-applied. Soil-applied Se increased grain Se concentration by 20- to 133-fold, and foliar by 6- to 20-fold. A maximal grain Se concentration of 12 mg kg-1 was achieved, which equates to a 10% recovery of applied Se. Grain yield and protein were not affected by applied Se ranging from 4-120 g ha-1. In another trial, a relatively low rate of 30 kg ha-1 of S applied to the soil reduced grain Se concentration by 16%. It may be necessary to add Se to gypsum and high-S fertilisers, which are widely used in Australia, to maintain food crop Se concentrations. These trials did not reveal a significant effect of variety on grain Se concentration, perhaps because of the extreme variability in available soil Se concentration, that varied more than 100-fold between sites. Grain yield was not affected by variety or by the application of Se, S or N. Grain protein and S, but not Se, concentrations were increased by late-applied foliar urea. Fertilisation with sodium selenate is an inexpensive, practical method to produce wheat that contains concentrations of Se high enough to provide likely health benefits to consumers, including reduced cancer risk.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Applied selenium progressively increased wheat grain selenium concentration.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- applied See0
- Outcome
- grain Se concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain Se concentration increased progressively with applied Se, whether soil- or foliar-applied.”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied selenium raised grain selenium 20- to 133-fold.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Soil-applied See0
- Outcome
- grain Se concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20- to 133-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil-applied Se increased grain Se concentration by 20- to 133-fold”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar selenium raised grain selenium 6- to 20-fold.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliare0
- Outcome
- grain Se concentratione1
- Value
- 6- to 20-folde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar by 6- to 20-fold.”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
e1“grain Se concentration increased progressively with applied Se, whether soil- or foliar-applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum grain selenium was 12 mg kg-1, equating to 10% recovery of applied selenium.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain Se concentratione0
- Value
- 12 mg kg-1e0
- Qualifier
- 10% recovery of applied See0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A maximal grain Se concentration of 12 mg kg-1 was achieved, which equates to a 10% recovery of applied Se.”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied selenium at 4-120 g ha-1 did not affect grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- applied Se ranging from 4-120 g ha-1e0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield and protein were not affected by applied Se ranging from 4-120 g ha-1.”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied selenium at 4-120 g ha-1 did not affect grain protein.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- applied Se ranging from 4-120 g ha-1e0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield and protein were not affected by applied Se ranging from 4-120 g ha-1.”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil sulfur at 30 kg ha-1 reduced grain selenium by 16%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 30 kg ha-1 of S applied to the soile0
- Outcome
- grain Se concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“30 kg ha-1 of S applied to the soil reduced grain Se concentration by 16%.”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest adding selenium to gypsum and high-sulfur fertilizers to maintain food crop selenium.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- add Se to gypsum and high-S fertiliserse0
- Setting
- Australiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It may be necessary to add Se to gypsum and high-S fertilisers, which are widely used in Australia, to maintain food crop Se concentrations.”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Variety had no significant effect on grain selenium concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- varietye0
- Outcome
- grain Se concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These trials did not reveal a significant effect of variety on grain Se concentration”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Available soil selenium varied more than 100-fold among sites.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- available soil Se concentratione0
- Value
- more than 100-folde0
- Setting
- sitese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“available soil Se concentration, that varied more than 100-fold between sites.”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was unaffected by variety or selenium, sulfur or nitrogen application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of Se, S or Ne0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was not affected by variety or by the application of Se, S or N.”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Late foliar urea increased grain protein and sulfur concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late-applied foliar ureae0
- Outcome
- Grain protein and S, but not Se, concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain protein and S, but not Se, concentrations were increased by late-applied foliar urea.”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Late foliar urea did not increase grain selenium concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late-applied foliar ureae0
- Outcome
- See0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain protein and S, but not Se, concentrations were increased by late-applied foliar urea.”
t0“High-selenium wheat : agronomic biofortification strategies to improve human nutrition”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium selenate fertilization was judged a practical and inexpensive biofortification method.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Fertilisation with sodium selenatee0
- Qualifier
- inexpensive, practical methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilisation with sodium selenate is an inexpensive, practical method to produce wheat that contains concentrations of Se high enough to provide likely health benefits to consumers”
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