Abstract
Abstract Sustainable agricultural practices are needed to improve food security and support livelihoods in West Africa, where soil nutrient deficiencies and rainfed production systems prevail. The objective of this study was to assess the productivity and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiencies of three dominant crops (maize, sorghum, and cotton) under different soil management strategies in the dry savanna of northern Benin. Data were collected for each crop in experiments with (1) an un‐amended soil as control, (2) a low use of external inputs, (3) an integrated soil–crop management practice, and (4) a high mineral fertilizer use, as treatments. Data were collected through researcher‐managed and farmer‐managed on‐farm trials in 2014 and 2015, and analyzed using linear robust mixed effects model and Pearson's correlation. Above‐ground biomass accumulation did not differ significantly among the control, integrated soil–crop management practice, and high mineral fertilizer use up to 30, 50, and 60 d after planting for maize, cotton, and sorghum, respectively. Thereafter, the differences in growth were substantial for each crop with highest biomass monitored with high mineral fertilizer use and lowest with the control. Biomass and economic yields at harvest were highest under high mineral fertilizer use and integrated soil–crop management practice, although the magnitude was crop‐specific. With the integrated soil–crop management practice and high mineral fertilizer use, N and P uptake by all crops was higher than for the un‐amended soil conditions. Inter‐seasonal changes in N uptake were higher for sorghum and cotton, but lower for maize. The highest agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery of N and P as well as positive N and P partial balances were obtained with the integrated soil–crop management practice for all three crops tested. The integrated soil–crop management strategy gave the highest yields and significantly improved N and P use efficiencies. The findings can contribute to formulating site and crop‐specific recommendations for sustainable agricultural practices in the Dry Savanna zone of West Africa.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Early maize biomass did not differ significantly among control, integrated management and high fertilizer through 30 days.
- Treatment
- integrated soil–crop management practice, and high mineral fertilizer usee0
- Outcome
- Above‐ground biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Qualifier
- 30e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Above‐ground biomass accumulation did not differ significantly among the control, integrated soil–crop management practice, and high mineral fertilizer use up to 30, 50, and 60 d after planting for maize, cotton, and sorghum, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Early cotton biomass did not differ significantly among these treatments through 50 days.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- integrated soil–crop management practice, and high mineral fertilizer usee0
- Outcome
- Above‐ground biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Qualifier
- 50e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Above‐ground biomass accumulation did not differ significantly among the control, integrated soil–crop management practice, and high mineral fertilizer use up to 30, 50, and 60 d after planting for maize, cotton, and sorghum, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Early sorghum biomass did not differ significantly among these treatments through 60 days.
- Treatment
- integrated soil–crop management practice, and high mineral fertilizer usee0
- Outcome
- Above‐ground biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Qualifier
- 60e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Above‐ground biomass accumulation did not differ significantly among the control, integrated soil–crop management practice, and high mineral fertilizer use up to 30, 50, and 60 d after planting for maize, cotton, and sorghum, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Later biomass was highest with high mineral fertilizer and lowest with control for each crop.
- Taxon
- maize, sorghum, and cottonGossypium hirsutum
Sorghum
Zea mayst0 - Treatment
- high mineral fertilizer usee0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thereafter, the differences in growth were substantial for each crop with highest biomass monitored with high mineral fertilizer use and lowest with the control.”
t0“maize, sorghum, and cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest biomass and economic yields were highest under high fertilizer and integrated management, depending on crop.
- Taxon
- maize, sorghum, and cottonGossypium hirsutumSorghumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- high mineral fertilizer use and integrated soil–crop management practicee0
- Outcome
- Biomass and economic yields at harveste0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- magnitude was crop‐specifice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass and economic yields at harvest were highest under high mineral fertilizer use and integrated soil–crop management practice, although the magnitude was crop‐specific.”
t0“maize, sorghum, and cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management and high fertilizer increased N and P uptake across all crops versus unamended soil.
- Taxon
- maize, sorghum, and cottonGossypium hirsutumSorghumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- integrated soil–crop management practice and high mineral fertilizer usee0
- Outcome
- N and P uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- un‐amended soil conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the integrated soil–crop management practice and high mineral fertilizer use, N and P uptake by all crops was higher than for the un‐amended soil conditions.”
t0“maize, sorghum, and cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Interseasonal N uptake changes were higher in sorghum and cotton.
- Taxon
- sorghum and cottonGossypium hirsutumSorghume0
- Outcome
- Inter‐seasonal changes in N uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inter‐seasonal changes in N uptake were higher for sorghum and cotton, but lower for maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Interseasonal N uptake changes were lower in maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inter‐seasonal changes in N uptake were higher for sorghum and cotton, but lower for maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management produced the highest N and P agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery.
- Taxon
- maize, sorghum, and cottonGossypium hirsutumSorghumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- integrated soil–crop management practicee0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery of N and Pe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery of N and P as well as positive N and P partial balances were obtained with the integrated soil–crop management practice for all three crops tested.”
t0“maize, sorghum, and cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management produced positive N and P partial balances.
- Taxon
- maize, sorghum, and cottonGossypium hirsutumSorghumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- integrated soil–crop management practicee0
- Outcome
- N and P partial balancese0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery of N and P as well as positive N and P partial balances were obtained with the integrated soil–crop management practice for all three crops tested.”
t0“maize, sorghum, and cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management gave highest yields and significantly improved N and P use efficiencies.
- Taxon
- maize, sorghum, and cottonGossypium hirsutumSorghumZea mayst0
- Treatment
- integrated soil–crop management strategye0
- Outcome
- N and P use efficienciese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated soil–crop management strategy gave the highest yields and significantly improved N and P use efficiencies.”
t0“maize, sorghum, and cotton”
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See all 27 papers →8 of 20 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.