Abstract
Salinity stress has been known as an important constraint limiting agricultural production especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Among several strategies to improve crop growth under salt stress, using of salinity tolerant Trichoderma isolates and silicon application could be an effective and easily adaptive strategy. In order to evaluate silicon and Trichoderma virens inoculation effects on some physiological and morphological properties of wheat grown under saline condition, a greenhouse experiment arranged as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications was carried out. The factors included three levels of salinity (E1:3, E2:7 and E3: 10 dS m−1) from NaCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 sources (3:2:1 ratio, respectively), two levels of Si, 0 (S1) and 1.5 mM (S2), from the source of Na2SiO3 and two levels of Trichoderma virens (with and without inoculation). It was shown that salt stress caused very significant reduction in plant height, chlorophyll content, grain yield and other measured properties. Salinity stress increased proline and soluble sugar concentration, Na/K and Na/Ca ratios in leaves. Application of Si to the growth medium significantly increased chlorophyll content, grain yield of wheat grown under normal as well as under saline environments, but those influences were lower than the fungus effect. These results seem to show that silicon may alleviate salt stress in wheat due to decreased Na/K and Na/Ca ratios and proline concentration in leaves. Tirchoderma inoculation significantly increased chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat under salt stress. Trichoderma virens deteriorate salt stress by significantly decreasing Na/K and Na/Ca ratios and proline concentration and increasing soluble sugar in the leaves.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced wheat height.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress caused very significant reduction in plant height, chlorophyll content, grain yield and other measured properties”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced wheat chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress caused very significant reduction in plant height, chlorophyll content, grain yield and other measured properties”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salt stress caused very significant reduction in plant height, chlorophyll content, grain yield and other measured properties”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress increased wheat leaf proline concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress increased proline and soluble sugar concentration, Na/K and Na/Ca ratios in leaves.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress increased wheat leaf soluble sugar concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress increased proline and soluble sugar concentration, Na/K and Na/Ca ratios in leaves.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress increased wheat leaf Na/K ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- Na/Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress increased proline and soluble sugar concentration, Na/K and Na/Ca ratios in leaves.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity stress increased wheat leaf Na/Ca ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Salinity stresse0
- Outcome
- Na/Cae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity stress increased proline and soluble sugar concentration, Na/K and Na/Ca ratios in leaves.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased wheat chlorophyll content under normal and saline conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Application of Sie0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under normal as well as under saline environmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Si to the growth medium significantly increased chlorophyll content, grain yield of wheat grown under normal as well as under saline environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased wheat grain yield under normal and saline conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Application of Sie0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under normal as well as under saline environmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Si to the growth medium significantly increased chlorophyll content, grain yield of wheat grown under normal as well as under saline environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon effects were smaller than the fungus effects.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- those influencese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- fungus effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but those influences were lower than the fungus effect.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon may alleviate wheat salt stress through decreased leaf Na/K ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- silicone0
- Outcome
- salt stresse0
- Qualifier
- decreased Na/Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silicon may alleviate salt stress in wheat due to decreased Na/K and Na/Ca ratios and proline concentration in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon may alleviate wheat salt stress through decreased leaf Na/Ca ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- silicone0
- Outcome
- salt stresse0
- Qualifier
- Na/Ca ratiose0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silicon may alleviate salt stress in wheat due to decreased Na/K and Na/Ca ratios and proline concentration in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon may alleviate wheat salt stress through decreased leaf proline concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- silicone0
- Outcome
- salt stresse0
- Qualifier
- proline concentration in leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silicon may alleviate salt stress in wheat due to decreased Na/K and Na/Ca ratios and proline concentration in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma inoculation increased wheat chlorophyll content under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Tirchoderma inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Tirchodermae0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tirchoderma inoculation significantly increased chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat under salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma inoculation increased wheat grain yield under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Tirchoderma inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Tirchodermae0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tirchoderma inoculation significantly increased chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat under salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens decreased wheat leaf Na/K ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma virense0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma virensTrichoderma virense0symbiont
- Outcome
- Na/Ke0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma virens deteriorate salt stress by significantly decreasing Na/K and Na/Ca ratios and proline concentration and increasing soluble sugar in the leaves.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens decreased wheat leaf Na/Ca ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma virense0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma virensTrichoderma virense0symbiont
- Outcome
- Na/Cae0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma virens deteriorate salt stress by significantly decreasing Na/K and Na/Ca ratios and proline concentration and increasing soluble sugar in the leaves.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens decreased wheat leaf proline concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma virense0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma virensTrichoderma virense0symbiont
- Outcome
- proline concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma virens deteriorate salt stress by significantly decreasing Na/K and Na/Ca ratios and proline concentration and increasing soluble sugar in the leaves.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma virens increased wheat leaf soluble sugar.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma virense0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma virensTrichoderma virense0symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble sugare0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trichoderma virens deteriorate salt stress by significantly decreasing Na/K and Na/Ca ratios and proline concentration and increasing soluble sugar in the leaves.”
t0“wheat”
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See all 377 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.