Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at El-Khashaa –Balteem, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during two successive growing seasons (2005/2006 and 2006/2007) to investigate the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Sakha 93 to copper application under different levels of nitrogen fertilization grown on copper deficient soil. The experiment was conducted in a split-split plot design with four replicates. Nitrogen fertilization with three N levels (80%, 100% and 120% of the recommended doses: R.D.), the time of Cu application (tillering stage, early boating stage and two split doses at tillering + early boating stages) and Cu foliar spray with two levels 0.5 and 1.0 kg Cu/fed. are used as the main plot, sub-plot and sub-sub-plot, respectively. The obtained results showed that wheat grains yield is high significantly increased with increasing the rate of nitrogen application up to 120% of the recommended dose (120 kg N/fed) and also with increasing the rate of copper application from 0.5 to 1.0 kg Cu /fed. The grains yield was also increased according to the application time of copper as follows: Cu applied in two split doses at tillering + early boating stages > Cu applied at early boating stage >Cu applied at tillering stage. However, the increasing of nitrogen application led to constrain the effect of copper on wheat yield. So that the mean values of the rate of yield increment has decreased with increasing the rate of N application up to 120% of the recommended dose with copper application. Application of 120 % N of R.D. and 1.0 kg Cu/ fed, in two split doses at tillering and early boating stages, resulted the highest grain yields, while the lowest grains yield was obtained in the control (zero copper application) at the lowest rate of nitrogen fertilization (80% of R.D.). However application of 100 % N of R.D. and 1.0 kg Cu/ fed in two split doses at tillering and early boating stages was superior than the application of 120% N of R. D without Cu treatment. The results also showed that wheat straw yield, plant height, spike length and tiller number have the same trend as those of wheat grain yield. Also, N, P, K and protein contents of wheat grains were increased by increasing N levels up to 120% of R. D. It is also clear that N contents of wheat grains were increased with timing of Cu applications in the order: Cu applied in two split doses at tillering + early boating stages> Cu applied at early boating stage ≥ Cu applied at tillering stage, while P and K contents haven’t affected by Cu application time.In the same manner, grains N, P and K uptake followed the same trend as that of N, P, K and protein contents (%).
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen rate up to 120% of the recommended dose significantly increased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- increasing the rate of nitrogen application up to 120% of the recommended dose (120 kg N/fed)e0
- Outcome
- wheat grains yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that wheat grains yield is high significantly increased with increasing the rate of nitrogen application up to 120% of the recommended dose (120 kg N/fed) and also with increasing the rate of copper application from 0.5 to 1.0 kg Cu /fed.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing copper application from 0.5 to 1.0 kg Cu /fed increased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing the rate of copper application from 0.5 to 1.0 kg Cu /fede0
- Outcome
- wheat grains yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 0.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that wheat grains yield is high significantly increased with increasing the rate of nitrogen application up to 120% of the recommended dose (120 kg N/fed) and also with increasing the rate of copper application from 0.5 to 1.0 kg Cu /fed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper application in two split doses gave greater grain yield than application at early boating, which exceeded application at tillering.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu applied in two split doses at tillering + early boating stagese0
- Outcome
- grains yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Cu applied at early boating stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grains yield was also increased according to the application time of copper as follows: Cu applied in two split doses at tillering + early boating stages > Cu applied at early boating stage >Cu applied at tillering stage.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen constrained the copper associated wheat yield increment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing the rate of N application up to 120% of the recommended dose with copper applicatione0
- Outcome
- rate of yield incremente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mean values of the rate of yield increment has decreased with increasing the rate of N application up to 120% of the recommended dose with copper application.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of 120% recommended nitrogen and 1.0 kg Cu/ fed in split doses gave the highest grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 120 % N of R.D. and 1.0 kg Cu/ fed, in two split doses at tillering and early boating stagese0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- control (zero copper application) at the lowest rate of nitrogen fertilization (80% of R.D.)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 120 % N of R.D. and 1.0 kg Cu/ fed, in two split doses at tillering and early boating stages, resulted the highest grain yields, while the lowest grains yield was obtained in the control (zero copper application) at the lowest rate of nitrogen fertilization (80% of R.D.).”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The zero copper and 80% recommended nitrogen control had the lowest grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- zero copper applicatione0
- Outcome
- grains yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest grains yield was obtained in the control (zero copper application) at the lowest rate of nitrogen fertilization (80% of R.D.).”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 100% nitrogen plus 1.0 kg copper split dose treatment outperformed 120% nitrogen without copper.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100 % N of R.D. and 1.0 kg Cu/ fed in two split doses at tillering and early boating stagese0
- Outcome
- superiore0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- 120% N of R. D without Cu treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 100 % N of R.D. and 1.0 kg Cu/ fed in two split doses at tillering and early boating stages was superior than the application of 120% N of R. D without Cu treatment.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat straw yield, height and spike length followed the grain yield trend.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- wheat straw yield, plant height, spike lengthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat straw yield, plant height, spike length and tiller number have the same trend as those of wheat grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat tiller number followed the grain yield trend.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- tiller numbere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat straw yield, plant height, spike length and tiller number have the same trend as those of wheat grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N, P and K contents increased as nitrogen application rose to 120% of the recommended dose.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing N levels up to 120% of R. D.e0
- Outcome
- N, P, Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P, K and protein contents of wheat grains were increased by increasing N levels up to 120% of R. D.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein content increased as nitrogen application rose to 120% of the recommended dose.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increasing N levels up to 120% of R. D.e0
- Outcome
- protein contents of wheat grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, P, K and protein contents of wheat grains were increased by increasing N levels up to 120% of R. D.”
Claim · model-written summary
Split copper application yielded higher grain nitrogen content than early boating or tillering application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cu applied in two split doses at tillering + early boating stagese0
- Outcome
- N contents of wheat grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Cu applied at early boating stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N contents of wheat grains were increased with timing of Cu applications in the order: Cu applied in two split doses at tillering + early boating stages> Cu applied at early boating stage ≥ Cu applied at tillering stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper application timing did not affect grain phosphorus and potassium contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cu application timee0
- Outcome
- P and K contentse0
- Direction
- haven’t affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P and K contents haven’t affected by Cu application time.”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N, P and K uptake followed the trend of grain nutrient and protein content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grains N, P and K uptakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grains N, P and K uptake followed the same trend as that of N, P, K and protein contents (%).”
t0“Wheat”
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