Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi in winter (rabi) season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 with the aim to quantity the contribution of two microbial inoculations and zinc (Zn) fertilization to growth, yield and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experiment was conducted in split-plot design (variety HD 2967) involving three different methods of cultivation, viz. conventional wheat (CW), system of wheat intensification (SWI) and zero tillage (ZT) as main plot and nine nutrient management options as subplot in each method of cultivation involving recommended dose (N120 P25.8), 75% recommended dose (N90 P19.35), 75% recommended dose + Anabaena sp (CR1) + Providencia sp (PR3) and 75% recommended dose + Anabaena- Pseudomonas (An-Ps) biofilmed formulation with and without Zn which make total eight options along with one absolute control (N0P0Zn0). Zinc was applied to soil @ 5 kg Zn/ha through zinc sulphate heptahydrate. Results of two years study revealed that, contribution of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation to yield improvement is 360 and 370 kg/ha with Zn and 190 and 230 kg/ha without Zn fertilization; while increase in net return was Rupees 5 370 and Rupees 5 520/ha respectively with Zn and Rupees 3 080 and Rupees 3 650/ha without Zn, respectively. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) is more in all inoculated treatments than uninoculated treatment with highest in 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) + An-Ps biofilmed formulation + Zn (372 μg/g soil) at 90 days after sowing. Total nitrogen uptake was increased by 37.5 and 39.8 kg/ha due to application of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation along with Zn, respectively. Zinc fertilization increased grain yield and net returns by 180 kg/ha and Rupees 2 340/ha, respectively with treatment containing recommended dose (N120P25.8). Total uptake of Zn at harvest was significantly higher in treatment containing recommended dose (N120P25.8) with Zn (327.7 g/ha) than same treatment without zinc application (289.2 g/ha). Zero tillage wheat recorded significantly higher yield (4.56 tonnes/ha) than both conventional (4.33 tonnes/ha) and SWI (4.31 tonnes/ha) methods of cultivation which leads to higher net return in ZT wheat (Rupees 53.86 × 103/ha) than other methods of cultivation. Uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and soil MBC was significantly higher in zero tillage wheat. In nutshell, application of any one inoculation along with 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) + Zn fertilization was promising nutrient management option by considering their quantifiable contribution and among cultivation methods ZT method found superior than CW and SWI method.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
CR1 + PR3 with Zn improved wheat yield by 360 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- CR1 + PR3 consortiae0
- Interactor
- CR1 + PR3e0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield improvemente0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 360e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contribution of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation to yield improvement is 360 and 370 kg/ha with Zn”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
An-Ps biofilmed formulation with Zn improved wheat yield by 370 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- An-Ps biofilmed formulatione0
- Interactor
- An-Pse0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield improvemente0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Value
- 370 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contribution of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation to yield improvement is 360 and 370 kg/ha with Zn”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
CR1 + PR3 without Zn improved yield by 190 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CR1 + PR3e1
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Value
- 190e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“190 and 230 kg/ha without Zn fertilization”
t0“wheat”
e1“contribution of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation to yield improvement is 360 and 370 kg/ha with Zn”
e2“contribution of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation to yield improvement is 360 and 370 kg/ha with Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
An-Ps without Zn improved yield by 230 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- An-Pse1
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Value
- 230 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“190 and 230 kg/ha without Zn fertilization”
t0“wheat”
e1“contribution of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation to yield improvement is 360 and 370 kg/ha with Zn”
e2“contribution of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation to yield improvement is 360 and 370 kg/ha with Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
CR1 + PR3 with Zn increased net return by Rupees 5 370/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CR1 + PR3e1
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- Rupees 5 370e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in net return was Rupees 5 370 and Rupees 5 520/ha respectively with Zn”
t0“wheat”
e1“contribution of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation to yield improvement is 360 and 370 kg/ha with Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
An-Ps with Zn increased net return by Rupees 5 520/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- An-Pse1
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- Rupees 5 520/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in net return was Rupees 5 370 and Rupees 5 520/ha respectively with Zn”
t0“wheat”
e1“contribution of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation to yield improvement is 360 and 370 kg/ha with Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
CR1 + PR3 without Zn increased net return by Rupees 3 080/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CR1 + PR3e1
- Outcome
- net returne2
- Value
- Rupees 3 080e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rupees 3 080 and Rupees 3 650/ha without Zn”
t0“wheat”
e1“contribution of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation to yield improvement is 360 and 370 kg/ha with Zn”
e2“increase in net return was Rupees 5 370 and Rupees 5 520/ha respectively with Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
An-Ps without Zn increased net return by Rupees 3 650/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- An-Pse1
- Outcome
- net returne2
- Value
- Rupees 3 650/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rupees 3 080 and Rupees 3 650/ha without Zn”
t0“wheat”
e1“contribution of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation to yield improvement is 360 and 370 kg/ha with Zn”
e2“increase in net return was Rupees 5 370 and Rupees 5 520/ha respectively with Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated treatments had more soil MBC than uninoculated treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC)e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- uninoculated treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) is more in all inoculated treatments than uninoculated treatment”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
An-Ps with Zn and 75% recommended dose had the highest soil MBC, 372 μg/g soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) + An-Ps biofilmed formulation + Zne0
- Outcome
- Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC)e1
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 372 μg/g soile0
- Qualifier
- at 90 days after sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: Outcome name only appears in a separate abstract span.
Verbatim
e0“highest in 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) + An-Ps biofilmed formulation + Zn (372 μg/g soil) at 90 days after sowing”
t0“wheat”
e1“Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) is more in all inoculated treatments than uninoculated treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
CR1 + PR3 with Zn increased total nitrogen uptake by 37.5 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- CR1 + PR3 consortiae0
- Outcome
- Total nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 37.5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total nitrogen uptake was increased by 37.5 and 39.8 kg/ha due to application of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation along with Zn”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
An-Ps with Zn increased total nitrogen uptake by 39.8 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- An-Ps biofilmed formulatione0
- Outcome
- Total nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 39.8 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total nitrogen uptake was increased by 37.5 and 39.8 kg/ha due to application of CR1 + PR3 consortia and An-Ps biofilmed formulation along with Zn”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization increased grain yield by 180 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 180 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc fertilization increased grain yield and net returns by 180 kg/ha and Rupees 2 340/ha, respectively with treatment containing recommended dose (N120P25.8)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization increased net returns by Rupees 2 340/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- Rupees 2 340/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc fertilization increased grain yield and net returns by 180 kg/ha and Rupees 2 340/ha, respectively with treatment containing recommended dose (N120P25.8)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc increased total Zn uptake under the recommended dose to 327.7 g/ha, versus 289.2 g/ha without zinc.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- recommended dose (N120P25.8) with Zne0
- Outcome
- Total uptake of Zn at harveste0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 327.7 g/hae0
- Qualifier
- 289.2 g/hae0
- Comparator
- same treatment without zinc applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total uptake of Zn at harvest was significantly higher in treatment containing recommended dose (N120P25.8) with Zn (327.7 g/ha) than same treatment without zinc application (289.2 g/ha)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage yield was 4.56 tonnes/ha, significantly higher than conventional and SWI wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.56 tonnes/hae0
- Qualifier
- 4.33 tonnes/hae0
- Comparator
- conventionale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zero tillage wheat recorded significantly higher yield (4.56 tonnes/ha) than both conventional (4.33 tonnes/ha) and SWI (4.31 tonnes/ha) methods of cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage net return exceeded other cultivation methods, at Rupees 53.86 × 103/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ZTe0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rupees 53.86 × 103/hae0
- Comparator
- other methods of cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher net return in ZT wheat (Rupees 53.86 × 103/ha) than other methods of cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage had significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc uptake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- Uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, zince0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and soil MBC was significantly higher in zero tillage wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage had significantly higher soil MBC.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- zero tillagee0
- Outcome
- soil MBCe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and soil MBC was significantly higher in zero tillage wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend an inoculation plus 75% recommended dose and Zn, and favor zero tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- application of any one inoculation along with 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) + Zn fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of any one inoculation along with 75% recommended dose (N90P19.35) + Zn fertilization was promising nutrient management option by considering their quantifiable contribution and among cultivation methods ZT method found superior than CW and SWI method”
t0“wheat”
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