Nitrogen use efficiency in high soil-plant nitrogen pool: Fertilizer management optimization via the DNDC model in rice fields

Claim · model-written summary

Plant and soil microbial N fixation, soil organic and inorganic N, NH3 volatilization and N leaching were key factors affecting SPNP and NUE in rice fields.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Outcome

SPNP and NUEe1

Qualifier

key factorse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e1

“Results indicated that plant and soil microbial N fixation, soil organic and inorganic N, NH 3 volatilization, and N leaching were key factors affecting both SPNP and NUE”

Claim · model-written summary

SCN at 100–150 kg N ha −1 minimized organic and inorganic N loss relative to the other practices.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

SCN at 100–150 kg N ha −1e2

Outcome

organic and inorganic N losse2

Direction

minimizede2

Comparator

the practicese2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e2

“Among the practices, SCN at 100–150 kg N ha −1 minimized organic and inorganic N loss and increased soil and plant N fixation, but yielded the lowest SPNP and NUE”

Claim · model-written summary

SCN at 100–150 kg N ha −1 increased soil and plant N fixation relative to the other practices.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

SCN at 100–150 kg N ha −1e2

Outcome

soil and plant N fixatione2

Direction

increasede2

Comparator

the practicese2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e2

“Among the practices, SCN at 100–150 kg N ha −1 minimized organic and inorganic N loss and increased soil and plant N fixation, but yielded the lowest SPNP and NUE”

Claim · model-written summary

SCN at 100–150 kg N ha −1 yielded the lowest SPNP and NUE among the practices.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

SCN at 100–150 kg N ha −1e2

Outcome

SPNP and NUEe2

Direction

loweste2

Comparator

the practicese2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e2

“Among the practices, SCN at 100–150 kg N ha −1 minimized organic and inorganic N loss and increased soil and plant N fixation, but yielded the lowest SPNP and NUE”

Claim · model-written summary

Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1 increased soil organic N by 67%.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1e3

Outcome

soil organic Ne3

Direction

increasede3

Value

67 %e3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e3

“Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1 (GMN50-100) increased soil organic N by 67 % and soil microbial N fixation by 5 %, while reducing NH3 volatilization by 20–30 kg N ha −1”

Claim · model-written summary

Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1 increased soil microbial N fixation by 5%.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1e3

Outcome

soil microbial N fixatione3

Direction

increasede3

Value

5 %e3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e3

“Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1 (GMN50-100) increased soil organic N by 67 % and soil microbial N fixation by 5 %, while reducing NH3 volatilization by 20–30 kg N ha −1”

Claim · model-written summary

Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1 reduced NH3 volatilization by 20–30 kg N ha −1.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1e3

Outcome

NH3 volatilizatione3

Direction

reducinge3

Value

20–30 kg N ha −1e3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e3

“Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1 (GMN50-100) increased soil organic N by 67 % and soil microbial N fixation by 5 %, while reducing NH3 volatilization by 20–30 kg N ha −1”

Claim · model-written summary

Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1 significantly enhanced NUE under elevated SPNP.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1e3

Outcome

NUEe4

Direction

significantly enhancede4

Qualifier

under elevated SPNPe4

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e3

“Combining GM with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1 (GMN50-100) increased soil organic N by 67 % and soil microbial N fixation by 5 %, while reducing NH3 volatilization by 20–30 kg N ha −1”

e4

“This significantly enhanced NUE under elevated SPNP”

Claim · model-written summary

SI combined with SCN at 100–150 kg N ha −1 increased soil organic N by over 20%.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

SI combined with SCN (SIN) at 100–150 kg N ha −1e5

Outcome

soil organic Ne5

Direction

increasede5

Value

over 20 %e5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e5

“Similarly, SI combined with SCN (SIN) at 100–150 kg N ha −1 or MF combined with SCN (MFN) at 50–100 kg N ha −1 both increased soil organic N by over 20 % and reduced NH 3 volatilization”

Claim · model-written summary

MF combined with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1 increased soil organic N by over 20%.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

MF combined with SCN (MFN) at 50–100 kg N ha −1e5

Outcome

soil organic Ne5

Direction

increasede5

Value

over 20 %e5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e5

“Similarly, SI combined with SCN (SIN) at 100–150 kg N ha −1 or MF combined with SCN (MFN) at 50–100 kg N ha −1 both increased soil organic N by over 20 % and reduced NH 3 volatilization”

Claim · model-written summary

SI combined with SCN at 100–150 kg N ha −1 reduced NH3 volatilization.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

SI combined with SCN (SIN) at 100–150 kg N ha −1e5

Outcome

NH 3 volatilizatione5

Direction

reducede5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e5

“Similarly, SI combined with SCN (SIN) at 100–150 kg N ha −1 or MF combined with SCN (MFN) at 50–100 kg N ha −1 both increased soil organic N by over 20 % and reduced NH 3 volatilization”

Claim · model-written summary

MF combined with SCN at 50–100 kg N ha −1 reduced NH3 volatilization.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

MF combined with SCN (MFN) at 50–100 kg N ha −1e5

Outcome

NH 3 volatilizatione5

Direction

reducede5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e5

“Similarly, SI combined with SCN (SIN) at 100–150 kg N ha −1 or MF combined with SCN (MFN) at 50–100 kg N ha −1 both increased soil organic N by over 20 % and reduced NH 3 volatilization”

Claim · model-written summary

The SIN strategy gave lower SPNP than the other practices.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

SIN strategye6

Outcome

SPNPe6

Direction

lowere6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e6

“However, the SIN strategy resulted in lower SPNP but higher NUE, while the MFN treatment yielded the highest SPNP but comparatively lower NUE”

Claim · model-written summary

The SIN strategy gave higher NUE than the other practices.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

SIN strategye6

Outcome

NUEe6

Direction

highere6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e6

“However, the SIN strategy resulted in lower SPNP but higher NUE, while the MFN treatment yielded the highest SPNP but comparatively lower NUE”

Claim · model-written summary

The MFN treatment gave the highest SPNP.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

MFN treatmente6

Outcome

SPNPe6

Direction

higheste6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e6

“However, the SIN strategy resulted in lower SPNP but higher NUE, while the MFN treatment yielded the highest SPNP but comparatively lower NUE”

Claim · model-written summary

The MFN treatment gave comparatively lower NUE.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

MFN treatmente6

Outcome

NUEe6

Direction

comparatively lowere6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e6

“However, the SIN strategy resulted in lower SPNP but higher NUE, while the MFN treatment yielded the highest SPNP but comparatively lower NUE”

Claim · model-written summary

GMN50-100 was the most effective approach for sustaining high NUE under high SPNP.

Taxon

riceOryza sativat0

Treatment

GMN50-100e7

Outcome

sustaining high NUEe7

Direction

most effectivee7

Qualifier

under high SPNP conditionse7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

t0

“rice fields”

e7

“Consequently, superior GMN50-100 proved the most effective approach for sustaining high NUE under high SPNP conditions”