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“decrease in relative water content”

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Taxon groups are the verbatim names found in the abstracts (case-insensitive), not normalised: maize, corn and Zea mays are separate groups here. The Organism view merges them through NCBI Taxonomy.

maize 30

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Osmotic stress decreased seedling relative water content.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: osmotic stresst0
Outcome: seedling relative water content (RWC)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“a decrease in seedling relative water content (RWC)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1102–1153

t0
“osmotic stress resistance by improving leaf photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant capacity in maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–144

Title

Exogenous application of 5-NGS increased osmotic stress resistance by improving leaf photosynthetic physiology and antioxidant capacity in maize

Deguang Yang; Zhifeng Gao; Yuqi Liu; et al. PeerJ 2024. doi:10.7717/peerj.17474

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Osmotic stress inhibited growth and weakened photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity.
Intervention effect Osmotic stress increased proline and soluble sugar contents.
Intervention effect 5-NGS alleviated growth inhibition, especially belowground biomass, whose dry mass changed less than 5%.
Intervention effect 5-NGS increased relative water content under osmotic stress.
Intervention effect 5-NGS restored net photosynthetic rate under osmotic stress.
Intervention effect 5-NGS increased chlorophyll content, electron transport and intercellular CO2 concentration.
Intervention effect Aboveground antioxidant enzyme activity recovered under 5-NGS.
Intervention effect Aboveground malondialdehyde decreased approximately 25%.
Intervention effect Aboveground hydrogen peroxide decreased approximately 25%.
Intervention effect Underground antioxidant enzyme activity changed more strongly.
Intervention effect Underground MDA decreased more than 50%.
Intervention effect Underground hydrogen peroxide decreased more than 50%.
Intervention effect 5-NGS increased proline content more than 30%.
Mechanism 5-NGS promoted photosynthate accumulation and resource distribution.
Recommendation Authors conclude foliar 5-NGS may improve osmotic stress tolerance.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativenot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf relative water content decreased slightly without significant differences.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment: Cd Stresst0
Outcome: Leaf relative water contente0
Direction: decreasede0
Qualifier: overall decrease in relative water content was smalle0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Leaf relative water content and SPAD values also decreased, but the overall decrease in relative water content was small, and the differences were not significant.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 839–1002

t0
“Cd Stress on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Maize Seedlings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 11–90

Title

Effects of Cd Stress on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Maize Seedlings

Siqing Deng; Yueying Wu; Qingping Zeng; et al. Agronomy 2024. doi:10.3390/agronomy14020379

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Cadmium stress decreased aboveground and belowground biomass.
Intervention effect SPAD values decreased under cadmium stress.
Intervention effect Cadmium stress affected antioxidant enzymes and enhanced lipid peroxidation.
Observation Cadmium content varied greatly among varieties.
Observation Aboveground Cd content was lower than belowground content.
Observation Mo17 had the highest transfer coefficient, 0.33–0.83.
Observation B73 had the lowest transfer coefficient, 0.06–0.44.
Intervention effect Kui3 soluble protein content decreased under cadmium stress.
Intervention effect Soluble sugar was reported to decrease significantly against CK.
Intervention effect Soluble sugar was also reported as higher than CK under cadmium.
Intervention effect Proline content increased in all inbred lines relative to CK.
Observation Maize inbred lines showed significant genotypic differences in Cd response.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salt stress decreased relative water content and increased water deficit index in all genotypes.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Treatment: Salt stresse0
Outcome: relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Salt stress led to physiological drought in all maize genotypes as indicated by the significant decrease in relative water content and increase in water deficit index.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 437–604

Title

Effects of salt stress on physiological and biochemical responses of three maize genotypes at the early seedling stage

Ali DOĞRU Acta agriculturae Slovenica 2021. doi:10.14720/aas.2021.117.1.1964

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Maize shoot growth was more sensitive to salinity than root growth.
Intervention effect Salt stress increased water deficit index in all maize genotypes.
Intervention effect Salt stress increased SOD activity across genotypes.
Observation Oxidative markers MDA and H2O2 remained constant under salinity.
Observation Reduced ascorbate and phenolic levels increased.
Intervention effect Salinity altered ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities, particularly in P3167 and 32K61.
Observation Bora was judged salinity tolerant, whereas P3167 and 32K61 were sensitive.

wheat 24

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Water limitation decreased wheat grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, photosystem II efficiency and relative water content.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: water limitatione0
Outcome: grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of photosystem II, and relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“water limitation led to a decrease in the grain yield, photosynthetic pigments, efficiency of photosystem II, and relative water content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 559–695

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 94–99

Title

Effects of Biofertilizers and Nano Zinc-Iron Oxide on Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Wheat under Water Deficit Conditions

Raouf Seyed Sharifi; Razieh Khalilzadeh; Alireza Pirzad; et al. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2020. doi:10.1080/00103624.2020.1845350

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Water limitation increased proline, soluble sugars and catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities.
Intervention effect Biofertilizer application increased proline, soluble sugars and enzyme activities.
Intervention effect Nanooxide application increased proline, soluble sugars and enzyme activities.
Intervention effect Zn-Fe oxide nanoparticles lowered electrical conductivity by 17% under severe water limitation.
Intervention effect Zn-Fe oxide nanoparticles increased peroxidase activity by 27% under severe water limitation.
Intervention effect Zn-Fe oxide nanoparticles increased polyphenol oxidase by 61% under severe water limitation.
Intervention effect Azotobacter with nano Zn-Fe oxide increased grain yield by 88% compared with control under severe water limitation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Post-anthesis salt stress reduced relative water content.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume1
Treatment: post-anthesis salt stresse0
Outcome: relative water content (RWC)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“post-anthesis salt stress led to a significant decrease in plant height, flag leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, relative water content (RWC)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1002–1159

e1
“winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 249–284

Title

Foliar Melatonin Application Mitigates Salt Stress Effects on Wheat Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Activity and Grain Quality

Feisal M. Ismaeil; Nagla N. Suleman; Abderhim A. Jabereldar; et al. Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 2025. doi:10.9734/ajraf/2025/v11i3408

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Post-anthesis salt stress reduced plant height and flag leaf area; melatonin alleviated the declines.
Intervention effect Post-anthesis salt stress reduced shoot and root fresh and dry weights.
Intervention effect Melatonin alleviated salt-induced declines in plant height, flag leaf area, and shoot and root weights.
Intervention effect Melatonin alleviated salt-induced loss of relative water content.
Intervention effect Salt stress lowered chlorophyll, indole acetic acid, and gas exchange measures.
Intervention effect Salt stress lowered chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidant activities.
Intervention effect Salt stress reduced yield and yield components.
Intervention effect Salt stress reduced grain protein and starch concentrations and calcium and potassium contents.
Intervention effect Foliar melatonin improved chlorophyll, indole acetic acid, gas exchange, and fluorescence parameters under salt stress.
Intervention effect Foliar melatonin improved antioxidant activity, yield, and yield components under salt stress.
Intervention effect Foliar melatonin improved protein and starch concentrations and calcium and potassium contents under salt stress.
Intervention effect Salt-stressed plants accumulated more reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide.
Intervention effect Salt-stressed plants accumulated more superoxide and sodium.
Intervention effect Melatonin lowered reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide under salt stress.
Intervention effect Melatonin lowered superoxide and sodium under salt stress.
Recommendation Authors propose pre-anthesis foliar melatonin to mitigate salt effects on growth, yield, and grain quality.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The joint action of water deficit and increased temperature produced the most significant decrease in the relative content of SOD isoforms.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organ / stage: wheat seedlingse1
Treatment: the joint action of water deficit and increased temperaturee2
Outcome: relative content of individual SOD isoformse1
Direction: decreasee2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Variability of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in varieties and introgressive lines of wheat differing in drought resistance”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–124

e1
“Under the impact of stress factors (elevated temperature, water deficit and their combined effects), a redistribution of the relative content of individual SOD isoforms was observed in wheat seedlings of drought-resistant and drought-susceptible genotypes compared to growing under favorable conditions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 357–659

e2
“The most significant decrease occurred due to the joint action of water deficit and increased temperature”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 661–766

Title

Variability of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in varieties and introgressive lines of wheat differing in drought resistance

P. S. Tykhonov; О. О. Моlоdchеnкоvа; I. I. Motsniy; et al. Faktori eksperimental noi evolucii organizmiv 2024. doi:10.7124/feeo.v35.1670

Other claims from this paper (3)

bread wheat 16

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Irrigation every 40 days decreased relative water content in both seasons.

Taxon: Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Irrigation intervals every 40 dayse1
Outcome: relative water contente1
Direction: decreasee1
Qualifier: in both seasonse1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Bread Wheat Cultivars”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 19–40

e1
“Irrigation intervals every 40 days caused a decrease in all of the studied characters (days to maturity, days to heading, grain filling rate, grain filling period, leaf area index, plant height, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, transpiration rate and relative water content) except for total chlorophyll content, stomatal resistance, leaf temperature and proline content in both seasons”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 606–999

Title

Evaluation of Some Bread Wheat Cultivars under Irrigation Intervals 2: Studies on Morphophysiological Traits

M. O. Al-Farouk; K. A. Elfky; E. M. Elsmahy Journal of Plant Production 2024. doi:10.21608/jpp.2024.288644.1339

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Irrigation every 40 days decreased days to maturity, days to heading, grain filling rate in both seasons.
Intervention effect Irrigation every 40 days decreased grain filling period, leaf area index, plant height in both seasons.
Intervention effect Irrigation every 40 days decreased crop growth rate, relative growth rate, transpiration rate in both seasons.
Observation Sakha 95 had the highest stomatal resistance under irrigation every 40 days.
Observation Misr 3 had the highest total chlorophyll and proline content under irrigation every 40 days.
Recommendation The authors judged Misr 3 and Sakha 95 suitable for water stress.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Magnetic saline water changed relative water content by 7.84 and 7.10% relative to saline water.

Taxon: Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: magnetic saline watere0
Outcome: relative water contente0
Direction: positivee0
Value: 7.84 and 7.10%e0
Comparator: saline watere0

Verbatim

t0
“Bread Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 107–118

e0
“magnetic saline water had a positive effect on relative water content by 7.84 and 7.10%, chlorophyll concentration by 6.03 and 9.92% and attributed to decrease the canopy temperature by 7.98 and 10.23% respectively in contrast with 2500 and 5000ppm saline water”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 684–945

Title

Effect of Salinity and Magnetically-Treated Saline Water on the Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Some Bread Wheat Genotypes

Alaa A. Said; Abdel-Rahman A. Mustafa; Alhosein Hamada Egyptian Journal of Agronomy 2021. doi:10.21608/agro.2021.64159.1250

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observation Magnetic water significantly lowered soluble soil cations and anions.
Intervention effect Magnetic saline water changed chlorophyll concentration by 6.03 and 9.92% relative to saline water.
Intervention effect Magnetic saline water changed canopy temperature by 7.98 and 10.23% relative to saline water.
Intervention effect Magnetic saline water changed plant height by 6.66 and 13.10% relative to saline water.
Intervention effect Magnetic saline water changed number of spikes/plant by 4.39 and 4.27% relative to saline water.
Intervention effect Magnetic saline water changed spike length by 5.18 and 8.18% relative to saline water.
Intervention effect Magnetic saline water changed biological yield/plant by 5.13 and 10.57% relative to saline water.
Intervention effect Magnetic saline water changed grain yield/plant by 6.89 and 7.94% relative to saline water.
Observation Line 9 had a low stress susceptibility index of 0.57.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought stress decreased relative water content of bread wheat by 5.3% compared with the control.

Taxon: bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: Drought stresse3
Outcome: relative water contente3
Direction: decreasee3
Value: 5.3%e3
Comparator: controle2
Setting: Arsanjan, Irane0

Verbatim

t0
“bread wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–42

e0
“two field experiments were carried out in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in Arsanjan, Iran”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 100–179

e2
“the sub plots were irrigation levels at 100% (control), 80% (medium stress), and 60% (severe stress) of crop evapotranspiration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 282–409

e3
“Drought stress caused a significant decrease in grain yield (46.4%), number of ears (20.5%), seed number (30.3%), biological yield (45.9%), chlorophyll a (31.8%), chlorophyll b (28.1%) and relative water content (5.3%) and increased, proline content (24.3%) and ion leakage (147.3%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 608–890

Title

Agrophysiological responses of bread wheat to raised-bed planting and irrigation level

Farahnaz Momtazi; Hamidreza Miri; Barmak Jafari Haghighi; et al. Water Science & Technology Water Supply 2024. doi:10.2166/ws.2024.228

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased grain yield of bread wheat by 24% compared with flat cultivation.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased biological yield of bread wheat by about 17%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of ears of bread wheat by 7%.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased the number of seeds per ear of bread wheat by 21%.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased grain yield of bread wheat by 46.4% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased the number of ears of bread wheat by 20.5% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased seed number of bread wheat by 30.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased biological yield of bread wheat by 45.9% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll a of bread wheat by 31.8% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress decreased chlorophyll b of bread wheat by 28.1% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased proline content of bread wheat by 24.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Drought stress increased ion leakage of bread wheat by 147.3% compared with the control.
Intervention effect Raised bed planting increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Intervention effect Deficit irrigation increased water use efficiency of bread wheat.
Association Raised bed system moderated, to some extent, the decrease in yield of bread wheat caused by drought stress.
Recommendation Cultivation on raised beds is suggested as a suitable planting pattern to improve yield and WUE in wheat under water shortage.

safflower 14

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit significantly decreased relative water content, stomatal conductance, and osmotic adjustment.

Taxon: SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: water deficitse0
Outcome: relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), osmotic adjustment (Oadj)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–69

e0
“water deficits led to a significant decrease in relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), osmotic adjustment (Oadj)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 477–607

Title

Physiological Indices for the Selection of Drought-Tolerant Safflower Genotypes for Cultivation in Marginal Areas

Bahman Pasban Eslam; Ali Chenari Bouket; Tomasz Oszako; et al. Applied Sciences 2024. doi:10.3390/app14125106

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Water deficit significantly decreased water potential and agronomic water use efficiency.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased the water stress index.
Association These physiological traits differed significantly among safflower genotypes.
Association Physiological traits were significantly correlated with seed yield.
Association CWSI was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association WP was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association WUEa was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association Capitula number per plant correlated positively with seed yield (r = 0.86).
Association Seeds per capitulum correlated positively with seed yield (r = 0.92).
Observation Golemehr yielded 4676 kg h−1 normally and 3211 kg h−1 under water deficit.
Observation Mec.295 yielded 4961 kg h−1 normally and 3385 kg h−1 under water deficit.
Recommendation CWSI, WP and WUEa can select high yielding drought tolerant safflower genotypes.
Recommendation Golemehr is recommended for cultivation in marginal and arid areas.
Recommendation Mec.295 is recommended for cultivation in marginal and arid areas.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

S1 decreased leaf relative water content by 17%.

Taxon: safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: S1 irrigation levele0
Outcome: relative water content (RWC) of the leafe0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 17 %e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–61

e0
“The S1 irrigation level led to a decrease in Fv/Fm (5 %), relative water content (RWC) of the leaf (17 %)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–615

Title

Improving the physiological properties and yield of safflower by combining organic and chemical nitrogen in different irrigation cut-off conditions

Eisa Maghsoudi; Alireza Yadavi; Hamidreza Balouchi; et al. Industrial Crops and Products 2024. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119601

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Stem-elongation irrigation cut-off decreased Fv/Fm by 5%.
Intervention effect S1 decreased leaf chlorophyll by 22%.
Intervention effect S1 decreased leaf soluble proteins by 21%.
Intervention effect S1 increased electrolyte leakage by 33%.
Intervention effect S1 increased carotenoids by 43%.
Intervention effect S1 increased proline by 42%.
Intervention effect S1 increased leaf soluble sugars by 39%.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer alone or combined with chemical fertilizer raised Fv/Fm, RWC and chlorophyll under cut-off.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer raised leaf soluble proteins under irrigation cut-off.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer decreased carotenoids, proline and soluble sugars.
Observation Complete irrigation gave the highest biological yield of 21.62 t ha −1.
Observation N3 gave the highest biological yield of 21.93 t ha −1.
Intervention effect N3 increased grain yield by 3.34 t ha −1 in 2015.
Intervention effect N2 increased grain yield by 3.56 t ha −1 in 2016.
Observation Vegetative-stage irrigation cut-off had the greatest negative biological-yield effect.
Observation Flowering and pollination irrigation cut-off was most detrimental for grain yield.
Intervention effect N2 and N3 reduced the negative impact of water deficiency.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower plant height, leaf area index, and relative water content.

Taxon: safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: salinity, drought, and simultaneous stressese0
Outcome: plant height, leaf area index, relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The plant height, leaf area index, relative water content, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000-seeds weight, seed yield, oil content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decrease under salinity, drought, and simultaneous stresses.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 516–801

t0
“safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–50

Title

Growth, photosynthesis and production of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in response to different levels of salinity and drought

Marziyeh Esmaeilzadeh; Hossein Babazadeh; Hormazd Naghavi; et al. International Agrophysics 2022. doi:10.31545/intagr/147892

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower head number, seed number per head, and thousand-seed weight.
Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower seed yield and oil content.
Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate.
Intervention effect The 10 dS m -1 salinity and 40% irrigation treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 92.6% at heading.
Intervention effect The same stress treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 71.04% at stem elongation.
Intervention effect The same stress treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 89.9% at flowering.

soybean 13

Show all 13 →

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought significantly reduced relative water content.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment: drought stresse0
Outcome: RWCe0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“a significant decrease in plant height, root length, leaf area, root and shoot fresh and dry weights, and RWC, and an increase in CR under drought stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 895–1048

t0
“soybean cultivars”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–67

Title

Morpho-physiological and water use performance of soybean cultivars under drought stress at early growth stages

Nurgül Ergin; Engin Gökhan Kulan; Pınar Harmancı; et al. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 2025. doi:10.31015/2025.1.2

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Drought significantly reduced plant height, root length, and leaf area.
Intervention effect Drought significantly reduced root and shoot fresh and dry weights.
Intervention effect Drought increased chlorophyll rate.
Observation Lider and BATEM Erensoy grew better than other cultivars under control conditions.
Intervention effect Lider root and shoot growth decreased significantly under water stress.
Intervention effect BATEM Erensoy root and shoot growth decreased significantly under water stress.
Observation Ataem-7 had a smaller total water consumption difference between drought and control.
Observation Ataem-7 had a smaller water use efficiency difference between drought and control.
Observation Ataem-7 efficiently used water for shoot and root dry matter production.
Observation Soybean cultivars differed significantly in drought susceptibility.
Observation Ataem-7 was more drought tolerant than the other cultivars during early growth.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought and salt stress significantly reduced relative water content and water potential.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: individual and combined treatments of drought and salt stresse0
Outcome: relative water content, and water potentiale0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“All physiological traits, relative water content, and water potential decreased significantly in all soybean genotypes due to individual and combined treatments of drought and salt stress, with significantly less decrease in soybean genotypes G4620RX, DM45X61, and NARC-21.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 794–1067

Title

Evaluation of drought and salinity tolerance potentials of different soybean genotypes based upon physiological, biochemical, and genetic indicators

Yahya Alzahrani Frontiers in Plant Science 2024. doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1466363

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Drought and salt stress significantly reduced physiological traits in all soybean genotypes.
Observation G4620RX showed significantly less physiological decline under stress.
Observation DM45X61 showed significantly less physiological decline under stress.
Observation NARC-21 showed significantly less physiological decline under stress.
Intervention effect Antioxidant enzyme activity and ROS production increased significantly under salt and water deficit.
Intervention effect Osmolyte accumulation, solute potential and Na+/K+ ratio increased significantly under stress.
Observation G4620RX showed maximum enzyme activity, high osmolytes and solute potential, with less ROS and Na+/K+ increase.
Observation DM45X61 showed maximum enzyme activity with lower ROS and Na+/K+ increases.
Observation NARC-21 showed maximum enzyme activity with lower ROS and Na+/K+ increases.
Association Stress tolerant genotypes had high expression of related tolerance genes.
Method / resource Multivariate analyses confirmed varying physiological and biochemical responses to individual and combined stresses.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf SOD activity first increased then decreased as soil water content declined.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Organ / stage: leavese0
Outcome: SOD activity of soybean leavese0
Direction: first increased and then decreasede0
Setting: soil relative water contente0

Verbatim

e0
“The results showed that the SOD activity of soybean leaves first increased and then decreased with a decrease in soil relative water content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 532–672

Title

Relationship Between Soil Moisture Content and Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Soybean Leaves in Northeast China

Xiyue Wang; Junxue Jiang; Zihao Wu; et al. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 2021. doi:10.1166/jbmb.2021.2148

Other claims from this paper (5)

not stated 12

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Drought stress decreased relative water content by 48%.

Treatment: DSe0
Outcome: relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 48%e0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“DS initially caused a 48% decrease in relative water content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–826

Title

Exploring regulatory roles of putrescine-doped zinc oxide nanoentities on ethylene signaling, redox imbalance, and programmed cell death in drought-stressed rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

Abir Das; Tibor Janda; Sudipta Kumar Sil; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2025. doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1630837

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect PUT-nZnO treatment restored relative water content to 126%.
Intervention effect PUT-nZnO improved membrane integrity.
Intervention effect PUT-nZnO reduced DNA loss.
Mechanism PUT-nZnO restored ion homeostasis via ATP hydrolysis.
Intervention effect PUT-nZnO supported cellular conformity and viability.
Mechanism The treatment reduced drought-induced oxidative signaling through enhanced antioxidation.
Intervention effect DS+PUT-nZnO reduced hydrogen peroxide by 41%.
Mechanism Polyamine distribution and oxidizing enzyme activity induced chloroplast energy transfer and ROS generation.
Mechanism The authors attribute drought tolerance to nZnO support of osmotic turgidity and mineral nutrition together with PUT antioxidation.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Oil effects included reduced chlorophyll and relative water content and electrolyte leakage.

Outcome: chlorophyll and relative water content, electrolyte leakagee0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“a decrease in chlorophyll and relative water content, electrolyte leakage and high levels of MDA and proline were indicators of the oxidative effects of EOs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1542–1698

Title

Essential Oils and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus falcata, E. sideroxylon and E. citriodora Growing in Tunisia

Ismail Amri; Marwa Khammassi; Rayda Ben Ayed; et al. Plants 2023. doi:10.3390/plants12040816

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Eucalyptus oils contained 51.3–90% oxygenated monoterpenes.
Observation Eucalyptus oils contained 4.8–29.4% oxygenated sesquiterpenes.
Observation The oils had seven named major constituents.
Observation Eucalyptus oils displayed antioxidant activity.
Observation E. citriodora oil had significantly greater antioxidant activity than the other two oils.
Observation Tested oils differed in effects on seed germination and seedling growth across plant targets.
Observation The tested oils were more effective phytotoxins than glyphosate.
Observation Post-emergence oil exposure caused chlorosis and necrosis.
Observation Oil effects included high MDA and proline levels.
Observation All oils showed moderate fungitoxicity against all tested fungal strains.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf relative water content decreased by 32.14%.

Organ / stage: leaf tissuee0
Outcome: relative water content RWCe0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: 32.14%e0

Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator

Verbatim

e0
“relative water content RWC in leaf tissue (by 32.14%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 778–831

Title

Carbon and nitrogen metabolism in young Tachigali vulgaris plants subjected to water deficit

Wander Luiz da Silva Ataíde; Glauco André dos Santos Nogueira; Cândido Ferreira de Oliveira Neto; et al. Research Society and Development 2020. doi:10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8732

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Leaf nitrate decreased by 18.67%.
Intervention effect Root nitrate decreased by 14.40%.
Intervention effect Leaf nitrate reductase activity decreased by 17.06%.
Intervention effect Root nitrate reductase activity decreased by 15.77%.
Intervention effect Leaf starch concentration decreased by 44.98%.
Intervention effect Root starch concentration decreased by 21.07%.
Intervention effect Leaf free ammonium increased by 64.83%.
Intervention effect Root free ammonium increased by 1.61%.
Intervention effect Leaf soluble amino acids increased by 28.03%.
Intervention effect Root soluble amino acids increased by 8.42%.
Intervention effect Leaf soluble carbohydrates increased by 3.12%.
Intervention effect Root soluble carbohydrates increased by 11.05%.
Intervention effect Leaf sucrose increased by 4.77%.
Intervention effect Root sucrose increased by 24.77%.
Intervention effect Leaf proline increased by 193.58%.
Intervention effect Root proline increased by 57.26%.

tomato 11

Show all 11 →

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Chlorophyll and relative water content of tomato tended to decrease as stress level increased.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: increase in stress levele5
Outcome: chlorophyll and the relative water contente5
Direction: decreasee5

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“tomato genotypes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 107–123

e5
“physiological parameters, namely chlorophyll and the relative water content tended to decrease, while the rate of water loss and proline content tended to increase following an increase in stress level”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1010–1211

Title

Assessing the impact of different water stresses on physio-chemical properties and yield-related traits in tomato genotypes: Insights into stability and response

Veerendra K. VERMA; Krishnappa RANGAPPA; Amit KUMAR; et al. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 2025. doi:10.15835/nbha53114113

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf relative water content fell 25% in experiment 1.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: water-deficit stresst0
Outcome: leaf relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 25e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“25 and 29% decrease in leaf relative water content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 997–1047

t0
“tomato under water-deficit stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 137–170

Title

Effects of an Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract application dose and method on growth, fruit yield, quality, and water productivity of tomato under water-deficit stress

Mostak Ahmed; Hayat Ullah; Kanokkorn Piromsri; et al. South African Journal of Botany 2022. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2022.09.045

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect At 50% field capacity, fruit yield fell 67% in experiment 1.
Intervention effect At 50% field capacity, fruit yield fell 52% in experiment 2.
Intervention effect Fruit length fell 11% under severe deficit in both experiments.
Intervention effect Leaf relative water content fell 29% in experiment 2.
Intervention effect Total soluble solids increased 38% in experiment 1.
Intervention effect Total soluble solids increased 49% in experiment 2.
Intervention effect Soil drench at 5 mL/L raised yield 225% at 50% FC.
Intervention effect Foliar spray at 5 mL/L raised yield 271% at 50% FC.
Intervention effect Untreated plants had lower water productivity at all soil moisture levels.
Intervention effect Water productivity was greatest at 5 mL/L across moisture levels.
Observation A 5 mL/L soil drench produced 523.3 g per plant yield.
Observation A 5 mL/L foliar spray produced 397.1 g per plant yield.
Recommendation The authors recommend 5 mL/L ASE for tomato.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf relative water content fell 29% in experiment 2.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: water-deficit stresst0
Outcome: leaf relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 29%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“25 and 29% decrease in leaf relative water content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 997–1047

t0
“tomato under water-deficit stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 137–170

Title

Effects of an Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract application dose and method on growth, fruit yield, quality, and water productivity of tomato under water-deficit stress

Mostak Ahmed; Hayat Ullah; Kanokkorn Piromsri; et al. South African Journal of Botany 2022. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2022.09.045

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect At 50% field capacity, fruit yield fell 67% in experiment 1.
Intervention effect At 50% field capacity, fruit yield fell 52% in experiment 2.
Intervention effect Fruit length fell 11% under severe deficit in both experiments.
Intervention effect Leaf relative water content fell 25% in experiment 1.
Intervention effect Total soluble solids increased 38% in experiment 1.
Intervention effect Total soluble solids increased 49% in experiment 2.
Intervention effect Soil drench at 5 mL/L raised yield 225% at 50% FC.
Intervention effect Foliar spray at 5 mL/L raised yield 271% at 50% FC.
Intervention effect Untreated plants had lower water productivity at all soil moisture levels.
Intervention effect Water productivity was greatest at 5 mL/L across moisture levels.
Observation A 5 mL/L soil drench produced 523.3 g per plant yield.
Observation A 5 mL/L foliar spray produced 397.1 g per plant yield.
Recommendation The authors recommend 5 mL/L ASE for tomato.

Field Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) 9

Show all 9 →

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reduced soil water decreased leaf relative water content.

Taxon: Field Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.)Sonchus arvensist0
Treatment: decrease in soil water contente0
Outcome: relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“With the decrease in soil water content, plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, relative water content, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll decrease, and in contrast to root length, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, proline, soluble sugar, total protein, phenol and Total flavonoid, antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of DPPH radical activity and iron reducing power (FRAP) increased.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2004–2395

t0
“Field Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 122–160

Title

The Effect of Drought Stress on Some Morphological, Phytochemical, and Biochemical Characteristics of the Medicinal Plant Field Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.)

Roghaieh Azizyan; Babak Abdollahi Mandoulakani Surūsh javān. 2023. doi:10.61186/jcb.15.47.41

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Reduced soil water decreased plant height and fresh and dry shoot and root weights.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water decreased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased root length.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased proline, soluble sugar, and total protein.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased phenol and total flavonoid.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased antioxidant enzymes.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased DPPH radical inhibition and FRAP iron reducing power.
Observation Middle leaves contained more of the examined traits than lower leaves.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reduced soil water decreased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll.

Taxon: Field Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.)Sonchus arvensist0
Treatment: decrease in soil water contente0
Outcome: chlorophyll a and total chlorophylle0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“With the decrease in soil water content, plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, relative water content, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll decrease, and in contrast to root length, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, proline, soluble sugar, total protein, phenol and Total flavonoid, antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of DPPH radical activity and iron reducing power (FRAP) increased.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2004–2395

t0
“Field Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 122–160

Title

The Effect of Drought Stress on Some Morphological, Phytochemical, and Biochemical Characteristics of the Medicinal Plant Field Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.)

Roghaieh Azizyan; Babak Abdollahi Mandoulakani Surūsh javān. 2023. doi:10.61186/jcb.15.47.41

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Reduced soil water decreased plant height and fresh and dry shoot and root weights.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water decreased leaf relative water content.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased root length.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased proline, soluble sugar, and total protein.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased phenol and total flavonoid.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased antioxidant enzymes.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased DPPH radical inhibition and FRAP iron reducing power.
Observation Middle leaves contained more of the examined traits than lower leaves.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reduced soil water increased root length.

Taxon: Field Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.)Sonchus arvensist0
Treatment: decrease in soil water contente0
Outcome: root lengthe0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“With the decrease in soil water content, plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, relative water content, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll decrease, and in contrast to root length, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, proline, soluble sugar, total protein, phenol and Total flavonoid, antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of DPPH radical activity and iron reducing power (FRAP) increased.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2004–2395

t0
“Field Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 122–160

Title

The Effect of Drought Stress on Some Morphological, Phytochemical, and Biochemical Characteristics of the Medicinal Plant Field Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.)

Roghaieh Azizyan; Babak Abdollahi Mandoulakani Surūsh javān. 2023. doi:10.61186/jcb.15.47.41

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Reduced soil water decreased plant height and fresh and dry shoot and root weights.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water decreased leaf relative water content.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water decreased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased proline, soluble sugar, and total protein.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased phenol and total flavonoid.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased antioxidant enzymes.
Intervention effect Reduced soil water increased DPPH radical inhibition and FRAP iron reducing power.
Observation Middle leaves contained more of the examined traits than lower leaves.

Mimosa tenuiflora 8

Show all 8 →

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

relative water content decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.

Taxon: Mimosa tenuifloraMimosa tenuiflorat0
Treatment: EC of the solutione0
Outcome: relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“There was a progressive decrease in plant height, stem diameter, relative growth rate, relative water content, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate in the dry mass production of the plants as the EC of the solution increased.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 579–829

t0
“Mimosa tenuiflora”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 35–52

Title

Gas exchange and initial growth of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. plants under salinity conditions

George Martins França; Antonio Lucineudo de Oliveira Freire; Cheila Deisy Ferreira; et al. Concilium 2023. doi:10.53660/clm-792-23a47

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect plant height decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect stem diameter decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect relative growth rate decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect stomatal conductance decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect transpiration rate decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect photosynthesis rate decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect dry mass production decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Observation Transpiration was less sensitive to salinity than stomatal conductance and photosynthesis.
Observation Roots were the growth parameter most affected by salinity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

relative growth rate decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.

Taxon: Mimosa tenuifloraMimosa tenuiflorat0
Treatment: EC of the solutione0
Outcome: relative growth ratee0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“There was a progressive decrease in plant height, stem diameter, relative growth rate, relative water content, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate in the dry mass production of the plants as the EC of the solution increased.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 579–829

t0
“Mimosa tenuiflora”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 35–52

Title

Gas exchange and initial growth of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. plants under salinity conditions

George Martins França; Antonio Lucineudo de Oliveira Freire; Cheila Deisy Ferreira; et al. Concilium 2023. doi:10.53660/clm-792-23a47

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect plant height decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect stem diameter decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect relative water content decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect stomatal conductance decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect transpiration rate decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect photosynthesis rate decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect dry mass production decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Observation Transpiration was less sensitive to salinity than stomatal conductance and photosynthesis.
Observation Roots were the growth parameter most affected by salinity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

plant height decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.

Taxon: Mimosa tenuifloraMimosa tenuiflorat0
Treatment: EC of the solutione0
Outcome: plant heighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“There was a progressive decrease in plant height, stem diameter, relative growth rate, relative water content, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate in the dry mass production of the plants as the EC of the solution increased.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 579–829

t0
“Mimosa tenuiflora”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 35–52

Title

Gas exchange and initial growth of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. plants under salinity conditions

George Martins França; Antonio Lucineudo de Oliveira Freire; Cheila Deisy Ferreira; et al. Concilium 2023. doi:10.53660/clm-792-23a47

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect stem diameter decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect relative growth rate decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect relative water content decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect stomatal conductance decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect transpiration rate decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect photosynthesis rate decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Intervention effect dry mass production decreased as nutrient solution electrical conductivity increased.
Observation Transpiration was less sensitive to salinity than stomatal conductance and photosynthesis.
Observation Roots were the growth parameter most affected by salinity.

cotton 7

Show all 7 →

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit decrease cottonseed seed vitality.

Taxon: CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: WDe0
Outcome: seed vitalitye0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“WD significantly increased the relative protein content of cottonseed but decreased the relative oil content, leading to a decrease in seed vitality.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1759–1908

t0
“Cotton”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–135

Title

Lower Demand for Boll Dry Matter Accumulation and Higher Harvestable Bolls Ensure the Yield and Quality Advantages of Small Boll Cotton Under Water‐Deficit Conditions

Yongchao Han; Honghai Luo; Qian‐Hao Zhu; et al. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2025. doi:10.1111/jac.70035

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Large and small boll cotton had similar boll volume and dry matter trends but different growth and accumulation rates under both irrigation conditions.
Observation Under well-watered irrigation, large boll cotton accumulated 29.17% more dry matter per boll than small boll cotton at 42 DPA.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton boll dry matter accumulation.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 20.45%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 3.24%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 16.76%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 2.81%.
Observation Small boll cotton had 36.28% more harvestable bolls per plant than large boll cotton under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton lint yield was 1042.45 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Observation Small boll cotton seed cotton yield was 2459.67 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton fibre length and strength, with a greater effect in large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased cottonseed relative protein content of cottonseed.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased cottonseed relative oil content.
Observation Small boll cotton seeds had higher germination potential than large boll seeds under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton required less dry matter accumulation for boll maturation than large boll cotton.
Observation Water deficit had a smaller impact on yield and quality of small boll cotton than large boll cotton.
Recommendation The authors conclude small boll cotton is more tolerant of water deficit and may perform better in severe arid areas.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit decreased cottonseed relative oil content.

Taxon: CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: WDe0
Outcome: relative oil contente0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“WD significantly increased the relative protein content of cottonseed but decreased the relative oil content, leading to a decrease in seed vitality.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1759–1908

t0
“Cotton”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–135

Title

Lower Demand for Boll Dry Matter Accumulation and Higher Harvestable Bolls Ensure the Yield and Quality Advantages of Small Boll Cotton Under Water‐Deficit Conditions

Yongchao Han; Honghai Luo; Qian‐Hao Zhu; et al. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2025. doi:10.1111/jac.70035

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Large and small boll cotton had similar boll volume and dry matter trends but different growth and accumulation rates under both irrigation conditions.
Observation Under well-watered irrigation, large boll cotton accumulated 29.17% more dry matter per boll than small boll cotton at 42 DPA.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton boll dry matter accumulation.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 20.45%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 3.24%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 16.76%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 2.81%.
Observation Small boll cotton had 36.28% more harvestable bolls per plant than large boll cotton under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton lint yield was 1042.45 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Observation Small boll cotton seed cotton yield was 2459.67 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton fibre length and strength, with a greater effect in large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased cottonseed relative protein content of cottonseed.
Intervention effect Water deficit decrease cottonseed seed vitality.
Observation Small boll cotton seeds had higher germination potential than large boll seeds under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton required less dry matter accumulation for boll maturation than large boll cotton.
Observation Water deficit had a smaller impact on yield and quality of small boll cotton than large boll cotton.
Recommendation The authors conclude small boll cotton is more tolerant of water deficit and may perform better in severe arid areas.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit increased cottonseed relative protein content of cottonseed.

Taxon: CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Treatment: WDe0
Outcome: relative protein content of cottonseede0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“WD significantly increased the relative protein content of cottonseed but decreased the relative oil content, leading to a decrease in seed vitality.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1759–1908

t0
“Cotton”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 129–135

Title

Lower Demand for Boll Dry Matter Accumulation and Higher Harvestable Bolls Ensure the Yield and Quality Advantages of Small Boll Cotton Under Water‐Deficit Conditions

Yongchao Han; Honghai Luo; Qian‐Hao Zhu; et al. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2025. doi:10.1111/jac.70035

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Large and small boll cotton had similar boll volume and dry matter trends but different growth and accumulation rates under both irrigation conditions.
Observation Under well-watered irrigation, large boll cotton accumulated 29.17% more dry matter per boll than small boll cotton at 42 DPA.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton boll dry matter accumulation.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 20.45%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in LB cotton by 3.24%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased seed cotton dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 16.76%.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased boll shell dry matter accumulation in SB cotton by 2.81%.
Observation Small boll cotton had 36.28% more harvestable bolls per plant than large boll cotton under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton lint yield was 1042.45 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Observation Small boll cotton seed cotton yield was 2459.67 kg·ha −1, comparable to large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit reduced cotton fibre length and strength, with a greater effect in large boll varieties.
Intervention effect Water deficit decreased cottonseed relative oil content.
Intervention effect Water deficit decrease cottonseed seed vitality.
Observation Small boll cotton seeds had higher germination potential than large boll seeds under water deficit.
Observation Small boll cotton required less dry matter accumulation for boll maturation than large boll cotton.
Observation Water deficit had a smaller impact on yield and quality of small boll cotton than large boll cotton.
Recommendation The authors conclude small boll cotton is more tolerant of water deficit and may perform better in severe arid areas.

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“decrease in relative water content”

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Statistics

maize 30

wheat 24

bread wheat 16

safflower 14

soybean 13

not stated 12

tomato 11

Field Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) 9

Mimosa tenuiflora 8

cotton 7