Abstract
The objective this work was to evaluate the effects of sources of calcium (Ca), sprayed at preharvest, on bitter pit control and physico-chemical quality of 'Catarina' apples. The experiments were conducted during three seasons (2004/2005, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007) in a commercial orchard, in São Joaquim, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. The experiment followed the randomized block design, with four repetitions. The sources of Ca tested were CaCl2, Calboron, Sett, Aminolom Floración, Max Fruit, S-CaB, Cal Super, Wuxal Cálcio, Orgasol Ca, CalSOL 15, Coda-Ca-L and CodaSal-Plus 2000. The spraying of treatments started at the phenological stage J (green fruit) and finished 30 days before fruit harvest. The incidence and severity of bitter pit was assessed at harvest (in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007), and after three (in 2005/2006) and five (in 2006/2007) months of cold storage. The control treatment (without Ca) exhibited incidences of bitter pit of 24% and 46% in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, respectively. Only in 2004/2005, the treatments CaCl2, Calboron + CaCl2, Sett, Calboron and S-CaB increased the Ca content in the fruits. Preharvest sprayings with CaCl2, Calboron and Sett in 2005/2006, and with CaCl2 and CalSOL 15 (10 and 15 sprayings) in 2006/2007, reduced the incidence of bitter pit, without significantly changing the fruit contents of Ca, N and K in comparison to the control. The results show that the source of Ca tested did not increase consistently the Ca content in the fruit and had small efficiency to control bitter pit in 'Catarina' apples, with a slightly higher efficiency for calcium chloride to control the disorder. In all three seasons, the preharvest spraying with different sources of Ca had no significant effect on yield, fruit weight and physico-chemical quality of the fruits at harvest.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated Catarina apples had 24% bitter-pit incidence in 2005/2006.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- without Cae0
- Outcome
- incidences of bitter pite0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Qualifier
- 2005/2006e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control treatment (without Ca) exhibited incidences of bitter pit of 24% and 46% in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, respectively.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated Catarina apples had 46% bitter-pit incidence in 2006/2007.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- without Cae0
- Outcome
- incidences of bitter pite0
- Value
- 46%e0
- Qualifier
- 2006/2007e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The control treatment (without Ca) exhibited incidences of bitter pit of 24% and 46% in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007, respectively.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 increased fruit calcium content in 2004/2005.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- Ca content in the fruitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2004/2005e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only in 2004/2005, the treatments CaCl2, Calboron + CaCl2, Sett, Calboron and S-CaB increased the Ca content in the fruits.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calboron plus CaCl2 increased fruit calcium content in 2004/2005.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- Calboron + CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- Ca content in the fruitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2004/2005e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only in 2004/2005, the treatments CaCl2, Calboron + CaCl2, Sett, Calboron and S-CaB increased the Ca content in the fruits.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Sett increased fruit calcium content in 2004/2005.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- Sette0
- Outcome
- Ca content in the fruitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2004/2005e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only in 2004/2005, the treatments CaCl2, Calboron + CaCl2, Sett, Calboron and S-CaB increased the Ca content in the fruits.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calboron increased fruit calcium content in 2004/2005.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- Calborone0
- Outcome
- Ca content in the fruitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2004/2005e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only in 2004/2005, the treatments CaCl2, Calboron + CaCl2, Sett, Calboron and S-CaB increased the Ca content in the fruits.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
S-CaB increased fruit calcium content in 2004/2005.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- S-CaBe0
- Outcome
- Ca content in the fruitse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2004/2005e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only in 2004/2005, the treatments CaCl2, Calboron + CaCl2, Sett, Calboron and S-CaB increased the Ca content in the fruits.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 spraying reduced bitter-pit incidence in 2005/2006.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 2005/2006e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preharvest sprayings with CaCl2, Calboron and Sett in 2005/2006, and with CaCl2 and CalSOL 15 (10 and 15 sprayings) in 2006/2007, reduced the incidence of bitter pit, without significantly changing the fruit contents of Ca, N and K in comparison to the control.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calboron spraying reduced bitter-pit incidence in 2005/2006.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- Calborone0
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 2005/2006e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preharvest sprayings with CaCl2, Calboron and Sett in 2005/2006, and with CaCl2 and CalSOL 15 (10 and 15 sprayings) in 2006/2007, reduced the incidence of bitter pit, without significantly changing the fruit contents of Ca, N and K in comparison to the control.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Sett spraying reduced bitter-pit incidence in 2005/2006.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- Sette0
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 2005/2006e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preharvest sprayings with CaCl2, Calboron and Sett in 2005/2006, and with CaCl2 and CalSOL 15 (10 and 15 sprayings) in 2006/2007, reduced the incidence of bitter pit, without significantly changing the fruit contents of Ca, N and K in comparison to the control.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 spraying reduced bitter-pit incidence in 2006/2007.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 2006/2007e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preharvest sprayings with CaCl2, Calboron and Sett in 2005/2006, and with CaCl2 and CalSOL 15 (10 and 15 sprayings) in 2006/2007, reduced the incidence of bitter pit, without significantly changing the fruit contents of Ca, N and K in comparison to the control.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten CalSOL 15 sprayings reduced bitter-pit incidence in 2006/2007.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- CalSOL 15 (10 and 15 sprayings)e0
- Outcome
- incidence of bitter pite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 2006/2007e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preharvest sprayings with CaCl2, Calboron and Sett in 2005/2006, and with CaCl2 and CalSOL 15 (10 and 15 sprayings) in 2006/2007, reduced the incidence of bitter pit, without significantly changing the fruit contents of Ca, N and K in comparison to the control.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sprayings did not significantly change fruit Ca, N or K contents relative to control.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- Cae1
- Outcome
- fruit contents of Ca, N and Ke0
- Direction
- without significantly changinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without significantly changing the fruit contents of Ca, N and K in comparison to the control.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
e1“Preharvest sprayings with CaCl2, Calboron and Sett”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sources did not consistently increase fruit calcium content.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- source of Cae0
- Outcome
- Ca content in the fruite0
- Direction
- did not increase consistentlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the source of Ca tested did not increase consistently the Ca content in the fruit”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium sources had little efficiency against bitter pit, with calcium chloride slightly more efficient.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- 'Catarina'e0
- Treatment
- calcium chloridee0
- Outcome
- control bitter pite0
- Direction
- slightly higher efficiencye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“had small efficiency to control bitter pit in 'Catarina' apples, with a slightly higher efficiency for calcium chloride to control the disorder.”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest calcium sources had no significant effect on yield across three seasons.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- preharvest spraying with different sources of Cae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all three seasons, the preharvest spraying with different sources of Ca had no significant effect on yield, fruit weight and physico-chemical quality of the fruits at harvest.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest calcium sources had no significant effect on fruit weight across three seasons.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- preharvest spraying with different sources of Cae0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all three seasons, the preharvest spraying with different sources of Ca had no significant effect on yield, fruit weight and physico-chemical quality of the fruits at harvest.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest calcium sources had no significant effect on fruit physicochemical quality at harvest.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Catarina't0
- Treatment
- preharvest spraying with different sources of Cae0
- Outcome
- physico-chemical quality of the fruits at harveste0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In all three seasons, the preharvest spraying with different sources of Ca had no significant effect on yield, fruit weight and physico-chemical quality of the fruits at harvest.”
t0“'Catarina' apples”
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